Conflict between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Collisions of Pavel Petrovich with Bazarov

The conflict between fathers and children is an eternal and universal problem, but in concrete historical conditions it acquires special facets. Roman I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", written during the period of deep historical changes associated with the reform of 1861, shows that in Russia at that time the problem of fathers and children was embodied in the opposition of old and new ideological, socio-political and moral-philosophical positions. On the one hand, this is the generation of “fathers” to which the noble liberals belonged, on the other, the generation of “children” coming to replace it, that is, the new, democratic-minded youth who denied everything that was connected with the old world. A dispute of socio-historical generations unfolds before us.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" reveals the social antagonism of the positions of the democrat, nihilist Bazarov and the aristocrat, liberal Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. The program of the liberals, of which Kirsanov Sr. is the main advocate, is based on the ideas of dignity and righteousness, self-respect, and honor. The nihilist Bazarov, proclaiming the idea of \u200b\u200b“complete and merciless denial,” believes that the existing world must be destroyed in order to then carry out radical transformations. Nihilism, according to Turgenev, challenges the enduring values \u200b\u200bof the spirit and the natural foundations of life, and this cannot but cause concern.

From this point of view, the conflict of generations takes on a completely different meaning. Turgenev shows not only the differences, but also a certain similarity between the antagonistic heroes, revealing the destructive sides of both Kirsanov's conservatism and Bazarov's nihilism. With the outset of the Bazarov-Odintsov love line, the problem of fathers and children moves to the moral and philosophical level. The former Bazarov, a convinced denier of the "mysteries of being", is no longer there. Like Pavel Petrovich, who also failed in love, Bazarov plunges into reflections on these secrets and also turns out to be a stranger to ordinary life, "an extra person." Now the socio-historical positions of antagonistic heroes are tested by eternal values: love, friendship, family, death.

Turgenev clearly demonstrates the idea that any extremes are destructive. Having lost all life ties, having lost friendship, unable to find love, to restore true filial relations with his parents, Bazarov dies. Pavel Petrovich lives out his life alone. But the ending of the novel is open: the picture depicting the death of Bazarov is followed by a short epilogue, which tells how the fates of the other heroes are arranged. It turns out that life goes on where there is no gap between fathers and children, where different generations find a way to mutual understanding. Such are the families of Arkady and Katya, Nikolai Petrovich and Fenechka. This means that the eternal conflict between fathers and children can still have a positive solution.

Why did the relationship between Bazarov and Odintsova end tragically? (based on the novel by I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")

Turgenev always believed that it is love that tests a person, and therefore the love line of Bazarov - Odintsov is very important for understanding the novel as a whole. From the moment of its inception, the concrete historical line of development of the plot is transformed into a moral and philosophical, ideological disputes are replaced by questions posed by life itself, and the character of the hero becomes more complex and contradictory. He, who denied the romance of love, himself fell in love romantically, hopelessly. His feelings and previous beliefs come into conflict, which makes the relationship with Madame Odintsova difficult and sometimes painful for the hero.

The beauty Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a strong, deep, independent nature, endowed with a developed mind, but at the same time she is cold and selfish. In some ways, she is similar to Bazarov: like him, she treats other people downright, feeling her superiority over them. She was the only one in the novel who correctly understood the complex and contradictory character of Bazarov, appreciated him, understood the depth and strength of the feeling that arose in him. It would seem that all this could lead to a strong alliance of heroes. After all, both of them are, in fact, very lonely. Odintsova, like Bazarov, feels that the forces of her rich nature remain unrealized.

But what awaits her with Bazarov? The scene of the hero's declaration of love shows that there is no harmony in their relationship and cannot be. It is not without reason that Anna Sergeevna is so frightened by some hidden, but sometimes escaping formidable force lurking in Bazarov. He has the courage to admit that he is in love, like a real romantic, but the realization of this makes him angry - either towards himself or towards Odintsov. On the other hand, she herself lacks the courage and determination to connect her fate with him. She prefers a somewhat boring, but very comfortable existence in the conditions of a rich aristocratic circle that is familiar to her to a rich, unpredictable, but extremely difficult life with this extraordinary person. At the end of the novel, we learn that Anna Sergeevna has married very successfully and is quite satisfied with her life. So the responsibility for the unsuccessful relationship with Bazarov lies with her.

In the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, one can find examples of a variety of relationships between the characters: romantic, platonic, family, friendly and hostile. Evgeny Bazarov is a very controversial person, arousing the love of some and the hatred of others. His relationship with Pavel Petrovich, uncle - a friend of Evgeny, who invited him to stay at the Kirsanovs' family estate during the holidays) is especially interesting, since these seemingly complete opposites are not so unequivocally antagonistic.

The dispute between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich reveals new facets of each person's personality. Read more about the features of the characters of the two heroes and their relationship in this article.

Pavel Petrovich - a proud military man

At first glance, a proud man is discernible in Pavel Petrovich. Even his costume reflects this. When the hero first appears before the reader, the narrator notes that he had long, neat nails, that, although he is no longer young, he still remains an attractive man, and that Pavel Petrovich behaves with unchanging aristocratic elegance. And how interesting the disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich! The "table" of their relationships includes oppositions, even in appearance.

What are Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich arguing about?

While the narrator notices these striking details, Bazarov immediately guesses in Pavel Petrovich a person who thinks too much of himself. In the eyes of Yevgeny Vasilyevich, his pride is unfounded and absurd. The dispute between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, their confrontation, thus, begins with the very acquaintance of the characters.

As we learn a little more about this retired military's past, we begin to better understand why he behaves this way. This soldier was the beloved son of General Kirsanov and, in contrast to his brother Nikolai, was always a man of action. By the age of twenty-seven, Pyotr Petrovich was already a captain in the Russian army. He knew how to behave in high society and was popular with women. Thus, from a young age, Pavel Petrovich got used to respect and admiration.

The rude young Bazarov was destined from the very beginning to become the antagonist of this man. They were united by extreme vanity, and, even without taking into account the fact that the opinions of the two heroes differed in everything, each saw a threat to himself in the image of the other. From the point of view of Bazarov, Pavel Petrovich is a proud old man, into whom he himself may one day turn. In the eyes of the aristocrat, the young man was an arrogant upstart who had not yet earned the right to be so self-confident. Even before Pavel Petrovich learned anything about Bazarov, he began to dislike him because of his slovenly appearance and too long hair.

After Arkady discovered that Bazarov was a nihilist and informed his uncle about this, Pavel Petrovich got a clue that could be used to justify his dislike of the guest. The nephew tries to argue, saying that a nihilist is one who critically evaluates all things, but Pavel Petrovich rejects this philosophy as a new fad of young people who do not recognize any authorities.

He compares this way of thinking with unsuccessful examples from history, in particular with the ideas of the supporters of Hegelian logic, and with the manner of an expert says to Arkady: “Let's see how you will exist in emptiness, in Paul appeals to his experience and wisdom and speaks as if he already knows in advance that nihilism is a deeply flawed philosophy of youth.

Dispute over principles. Views of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov

When Pavel Petrovich involves Bazarov in an argument, he appeals to the English system of values. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthis aristocrat: "... that without self-esteem, without respect for oneself - and in the aristocrat these feelings are developed, - there is no solid foundation for a public ... bien public, public building." Thus, a retired military man associates with aristocratic values, gradually developing this idea. This is how the dispute between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich continues.

On the other hand, in the discussion, he gradually turns to the absurdity of the existence of those who have no principles, and presents the enemy with a whole set of principles from high society, which he considers undeniable. Although Pavel Petrovich, perhaps, would deny this, for him it is not just the presence or absence of values \u200b\u200bas such that is important. The presence or absence of aristocratic values \u200b\u200bis more important. This is what Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich are arguing about.

As the plot develops, both the shortcomings and the merits of this aristocrat are clearly visible. His military pride makes him challenge Bazarov in the form of a duel, which ends with a complete fiasco for Pavel Petrovich.

The point is not only that the old aristocrat is injured, but also that he had to explain to everyone that it was his fault.

However, the military's assertion that a person cannot live without values \u200b\u200band his sense of self-esteem ultimately justifies itself. We learn this mainly from the isolation and confusion to which Bazarov's attempts to find his place in the world lead. Arkady, who was not endowed with such a strong will, but at the same time was not so devoted to traditional values, arranges his life quite happily. With almost no memory of himself, Eugene follows the path of a retired military man and gets entangled in his failed love. The dispute between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich seems at this moment somewhat absurd, because the life lines of the heroes and their behavior are so similar ...

The story of Pavel Petrovich

When Bazarov begins to laugh at Pavel Petrovich, Arkady decides to tell him the story of his uncle, in the hope that this story will evoke sympathy in his friend. We learn that unsuccessful love played a big role in the life of Pavel Petrovich. He fell head over heels in love with a mysterious woman named Princess R. Pavel Petrovich courted her, and after he achieved, his obsession with the princess only increased.

Rejected lover

When his beloved fled from Paul and his family, Paul resigned and followed her. He was ashamed of his behavior, but her image had sunk into Pavel Petrovich's soul too much, and he could not get it out of his head. It is not clear what exactly attracted the war princess R. Perhaps, by her mystery, by the fact that it was impossible to fully understand or conquer her.

In Baden, Pavel Petrovich managed to meet her, but a few months later the princess fled again. After that, he returned to Russia and did everything possible to play his former role in society, although he did it without his former enthusiasm. After Pavel Petrovich heard that the princess died in Paris in a state close to insanity, he gradually lost interest in life and stopped doing anything.

The Irony of Fate

Bazarov did not like this story. He believed that it was not masculine to give up after being defeated on the love front, and suggested that Paul spends the rest of his days teaching young people and cannot do anything worthwhile with his own life.

By the evil irony of fate, Bazarov subsequently, like a former military man, becomes obsessed with Anna Sergeevna and cannot cope with this feeling and accept the fact that he was rejected.

However, this does not stop the disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Who is right?

Hidden motives

When we meet Pavel Petrovich, the narrator describes him as follows: "A lonely bachelor, entered that vague, twilight time, a time of regrets similar to hopes, and hopes similar to regrets, when youth has passed and old age has not yet arrived." The vague sense of despair that possessed the hero can explain many of his actions. It also explains why he clung so desperately to his pride and his family, since there was nothing else to cling to.

As the plot progresses, the softer side of the elderly aristocrat is revealed to us. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, the dispute between whom never ceased, were certainly enemies. However, the real reason for his duel with Bazarov was that he wanted to defend his brother's honor, not his own. His last wish was that Nikolai should marry Fenechka and be happy.

Although Paul was unable to achieve his own happiness, he tries to make others happy. The hero lives the life of a brother, but still cannot forget the betrayal of Princess R. and become happy. He does not choose to be unhappy, he simply cannot do otherwise.

Bazarov's attractiveness

The strength and weakness of Bazarov's position in the dispute with Pavel Petrovich are present simultaneously. It is easy to judge Eugene. He thinks he is the best. He's rude. Eugene does not recognize any of those things that fill our life with meaning (love, for example). Bazarov's disputes with Pavel Petrovich sometimes cause bewilderment. At times, Eugene is so stubborn that he is completely unable to admit his own wrong. But still...

Bazarov inspires. For the first time we see him with the admiring eyes of Arkady, and later we learn that his friend is only one of his students. As soon as these two move away from each other, we begin to see Bazarov in a more objective light, to see him as a born leader. He is an imperious, dignified person. When Yevgeny Vasilievich says to Pavel Petrovich: "At the present time, denial is most useful - we deny," the reader cannot but succumb to the power of these words and this personality.

This topic is considered in great detail in the dispute between Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. The topics of their disputes cannot be covered in one article. We recommend that you refer to the original source for a deeper understanding. Thus, the line of disputes between Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov can be continued.

Final scene

Turgenev himself admired Bazarov's strong, almost magnetic personality. He admitted that he cried when he described the scene of Yevgeny Vasilyevich's death. Bazarov's character is fully revealed in this final scene. He's not just an arrogant young upstart. This man was really talented and wanted to do something great in life.

Looking into his past, Bazarov thinks: "And I also thought: I will break off a lot of things, I will not die, wherever! There is a task, because I am a giant!" Although he does not show fear of death, yet its approach makes Eugene feel his own insignificance, and not just talk about it. Ultimately, however, the fact that Bazarov is unrepentant makes his character so convincing. Eugene is the embodiment of daring youth with their illusion that we will never die. After all, why should we die?

Is there a benefit to denial?

When Fathers and Sons was first published in 1862, Turgenev was severely criticized by the younger generation because young people believed that Bazarov's character was a parody of her. Of course, Ivan Sergeevich did not have such an intention when creating a work, but at times Eugene really resembles a parody, but not of young people in general, but of himself. One involuntarily recalls the severity of a retired soldier directed at him: "He does not believe in principles, but believes in frogs." Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov in an ideological dispute reveal both their strengths and weaknesses.

Bazarov has a complex character. It is impossible to put forward a simple argument against him, but Eugene was deeply mistaken. Perhaps it is his faults that do not make this young nihilist's character so interesting and convincing.

Option 4 2012: 25.02.2012: 21.42

Option 2 2012: 02/25/2012: 9.42 pm Compositions and USE in literature Compositions of USE in literature What is the main reason for the conflict between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in Ivan Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons"? Compositions of the exam in literature

The conflict between fathers and children is an eternal and universal problem, but in concrete historical conditions it acquires special facets. I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons, written during a period of deep historical changes associated with the reform of 1861, shows that in Russia at that time the problem of fathers and children was embodied in the opposition of old and new ideological, socio-political and moral-philosophical positions On the one hand, this is the generation of "fathers, to which the liberals of the nobility belonged, and on the other, the generation of children coming to replace it, that is, the new, democratically inclined youth who denied everything that was connected with the old world. We are facing a public debate. -historical generations.

The novel Fathers and Sons exposes the social antagonism of the positions of a democrat, a nihilist Bazarov and an aristocrat, liberal Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. The program of liberals, whose main advocate is Kirsanov Sr. merciless denial, believes that the existing world must be destroyed in order to then carry out radical transformations. Nihilism, according to Turgenev, challenges the enduring values \u200b\u200bof the spirit and the natural foundations of life, and this cannot but cause concern.

From this point of view, the conflict of generations takes on a completely different meaning. Turgenev shows not only the differences, but also a certain similarity between the antagonistic heroes, revealing the destructive sides of both Kirsanov's conservatism and Bazarov's nihilism. With the outset of the Bazarov-Odintsov love line, the problem of fathers and children moves to the moral and philosophical level. The former Bazarov, a convinced denier of "the secrets of being, is gone. Just like, who also failed in love, Bazarov plunges into reflections on these secrets and also turns out to be a stranger to ordinary life," an extra person. Now the socio-historical positions of antagonist heroes are tested by eternal values: love, friendship, family, death.

Turgenev clearly demonstrates the idea that any extremes are destructive. Having lost all life ties, having lost friendship, unable to find love, to restore true filial relations with his parents, Bazarov dies. Pavel Petrovich lives out his life alone. But the ending of the novel is open: the picture depicting the death of Bazarov is followed by a short epilogue, which tells how the fates of other heroes are arranged. It turns out that life continues where there is no gap between fathers and children, where different generations find a path to mutual understanding. Such are the families of Arkady and Katya, Nikolai Petrovich and Fenechka. This means that the eternal conflict between fathers and children can still have a positive solution.

Turgenev, Composition, Unified State Exam online

I. S. Turgenev reflected in his novel "Fathers and Sons" the conflict that arose between two socio-political camps in the Russian Federation in the 60s of the XIX century. The writer Yevgeny Bazarov became the exponent of the ideas of common democrats. In the novel, he is opposed to the liberal nobility, the most prominent representative of which is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. In order to reflect the conflict of a crucial time in the life of the Russian Federation in its entirety, Turgenev confronts these two heroes.

"Who is Bazarov?" - Ask the Kirsanovs from Arkady and hear the answer: "Nihilist". The views of the "nihilist" and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov were completely opposite. From the very first meeting, they felt a companion for a friend dislike. Pavel Petrovich, having learned that Eugene would be visiting them, asked: "This hairy one?" And Bazarov remarked to Arkady in the evening: "And your uncle is a bit eccentric." Contradictions constantly arose between them. "We will still have a fight with this doctor, I anticipate it," says Kirsanov.
Let's take a closer look at the main characters of the novel. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is the son of a military general in 1812. Graduated from the Pages Corps. Outwardly, this is a man with a beautiful face, youthfully slender. An aristocrat, an Anglomaniac, he was self-confident, pampered himself. Living in the village with his brother, Pavel Petrovich retained aristocratic habits (he wore an English suit and patent leather ankle boots). Bazarov is the grandson of a sexton, the son of a district doctor. Power, energy is felt in this person. He speaks in a "courageous voice", clearly and simply. Bazarov's gait is "firm and swiftly bold". In general, in the appearance of Bazarov, Turgenev emphasizes his intellectual beginning.

What is the worldview of these heroes of the novel? Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is strongly convinced that the aristocrats won the right to a leading position in society not by origin, but by moral virtues and deeds ("The aristocracy gave freedom to England and supports it"), that is, the moral norms developed by aristocrats are the support of the human person.

Kirsanov believes that only immoral people can exist without principles. At the same time, we see that the principles of Pavel Petrovich are in no way correlated with his deeds - the life of a typical representative of an aristocratic society passes in idleness.

In contrast to him, Bazarov accepts only what is useful ("They will tell me the case - I will agree." "At the present time, negation is most useful - we deny"). Continuous work for the good of society is the content of Bazarov's life. Turgenev reveals the nature of his work: "Bazarov brought a microscope with him and fiddled with it for hours on end," he conducts "physical and chemical experiments", that is, continues his natural science studies in Maryino. Important features of Bazarov's worldview are his atheism and materialism.

In disputes with Pavel Petrovich Bazarov argued the need to deny the way of life. When asked what he denies, there was a short answer: "Everything." Kirsanov did not recognize such a position in life, which was the basis of the heroes' hostility. The youth came to destroy and expose, and someone else will be engaged in the construction. “You deny everything, or, to put it more correctly, you are destroying everything. Why, you have to build, too,” says Yevgeny Kirsanov. "This is no longer our business. First we need to clear the place," Bazarov replies.

Despite some external similarity in the views of Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov on the people, in the main they differ. To Pavel Petrovich, the religiosity of the people, life according to the rules established by their grandfathers seem to be the original and valuable features of the life of the people, they touch him. Bazarov hates these qualities: "The people think that when the thunder is thundering, it is Elijah the prophet in a chariot that rides across the sky. Well? Should I agree with him?" The same features inherent in the life of the people are called by the heroes of the novel in different ways, and are evaluated in different ways. Pavel Petrovich says: "He (the people) cannot exist without faith." Bazarov believes that "the grossest superstition is strangling him."

They also argue about poetry, art, philosophy. Bazarov amazes and irritates Kirsanov with his cold-blooded thoughts about the denial of personality, of everything spiritual. From the point of view of Bazarov, "reading Pushkin is a lost time, making music is funny, enjoying nature is absurd." As a true materialist, he perceives nature as a "workshop", and "man is a worker in it." "I will die, and a burdock will grow out of me," Bazarov says pragmatically. Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, admires nature, loves art.

The maximalism of Bazarov, who believes that one can and should rely in everything only on one's own experience and one's own feelings, leads to the denial of art, since art is precisely a generalization and artistic interpretation of someone else's experience. The nihilist believes that art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul, distracts from business. All this is "romanticism", "nonsense". It seemed to Bazarov blasphemous "to talk" about art, "unconscious creativity" when "it is about daily bread."

In the disputes between Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov, one wants to take the side of one or the other. It seems to me that both of these heroes of Turgenev were in some way right, and in some way wrong. But in general, Bazarov, personifying the younger generation, has advantages: he is inherent in the novelty of thoughts, high efficiency, dedication. He is closer to ordinary people, because courtyard people are drawn to him. (Bazarov "possessed a special ability to arouse trust in lower people, although he never indulged them and treated them casually," Turgenev describes). The principles and ideals of the fathers are becoming a thing of the past. This is especially clearly shown in the scene of the duel between Kirsanov and Bazarov. "The duel," wrote Turgenev, "was introduced to visually prove the emptiness of the elegantly noble knighthood, exposed as exaggeratedly comic."

Both Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are shown by Turgenev as outstanding personalities. Due to the circumstances, they became the spokesmen for the ideas of two different eras, as well as different social camps - aristocratic and revolutionary-democratic. That is why the conflict that arose between them is so deep. Using his example, Turgenev clearly shows us the burning problems of the 60s of the XIX century. The skill of the author of the novel "Fathers and Sons" allows us to feel the atmosphere of this critical time in the life of the Russian Federation.

What are Evgeny Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons"

Turgenev began work on the novel in early August 1860, and finished it in July 1861. "Fathers and Children" appeared in the February book of the "Russian Bulletin" magazine for 1862.

Turgenev based the novel on the conflict between noble liberalism and revolutionary democracy at the time of the abolition of serfdom.

There have always been various disagreements between the older and younger generations. This can be explained by the fact that over time, the situation changes, affecting the further attitude of a person to life, the formation of his character. Often, older people are unable or unwilling to understand new views and lifestyles. Sometimes this misunderstanding turns into enmity. It is this enmity that we can see in the pages of this novel.

Pavel Petrovich is a typical representative of noble liberalism. He is smart, honest, noble in his own way. Pavel Petrovich follows the old principles in everything. People considered him a little self-confident, mocking, he was distinguished by remarkable beauty.

In his youth, Pavel Petrovich was a secular official, he was carried in his arms, he also pampered himself a little. I think Pavel Petrovich can be called sybarite, that is, a man spoiled by luxury.

Bazarov Turgenev refers to the number of revolutionary democratic leaders. He is smart, has a good education, and is fond of natural sciences. Bazarov is young, full of energy, he is bored where he is not busy with anything. Unlike Sitnikov, Bazarov is not shy about his origin.

Whatever the conversation goes between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov, they almost never find a common language.

Pavel Petrovich respects people with certain principles in life, believing that only empty and immoral people live without them. Bazarov, however, calls the word "principle" an empty, foreign, unnecessary word.

Their attitude to the Russian people is also different. Pavel Petrovich reproaches Bazarov for his contempt for the people, while Yevgeny asserts: "... well, if he deserves contempt!" than Kirsanov.

The views of the heroes on art and literature are opposite. Pavel Petrovich approves of the work of artists, writers, and Bazarov with his phrases: "Raphael is not worth a dime!" and "a decent chemist twenty times more useful than any writer" knocks down Kirsanov on the spot.

A lot of disagreements can be found in the conversation between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. It is these disagreements that completely oppose the heroes to each other. On their basis, Bazarov is presented as a callous person, rude to art and literature, self-confident.

The character of the hero is fully revealed only when he fits the test of love.

Pavel Petrovich loved one woman all his life - Princess R. But luck turned away from him, and his life did not work out in love, although love was of great importance in his life.

Bazarov at the beginning of the novel neglects love, considering it stupidity, in his opinion "it is better to be a stone on the pavement than to allow a woman to take possession of at least the tip of her eye." And yet he fell in love ... Love for Madame Odintsova awakened the other side of Bazarov - a passionate, kind, gentle man, inspired by love. Bazarov's true character is revealed in the scene of his death. In death, he realizes what he could not realize in life.

I do not agree with Bazarov in his attitude to literature, art, love. Otherwise, I share his views more than the views of Pavel Petrovich.

Bazarov is a man of actions, and Kirsanov is a man of his word. Russia, consisting only of the Kirsanovs, would develop for a very long time and one-sided. It is people like Bazarov that Russia needs for its development and prosperity. Turgenev said: "When such people are gone, let the history book be closed forever, there will be nothing to read in it."

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The strength and weakness of Bazarov's position in the dispute with Pavel Petrovich (based on the novel by IS TUrgenev "Fathers and Sons").

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