Jeanne Kalman for many gerontologists is almost like Joan of Arc for the French. Symbol, legend, shrine. Record Joan of Arles Every true fighter against aging knows that his life expectancy is 122 years and 164 days. It was installed in 1997 and since then no one has even managed to come close to it - the second place is barely more than 119 years old, and the third is 117. Of the living centenarians, the oldest is only 115 years old. Given that after 100 years of age the annual probability of dying hovers around the 1/2 mark, the chances of a Centenarian living to be 122 years old are incredibly low.
But in gerontological circles, no one questions Zhanna’s achievement. On the contrary, she is described as “the most validated centenarian.” And indeed, everything is in order with her documents - she was born and lived all her life in one place, in the city of Arles in the south of France, and, being from a fairly wealthy bourgeois family, appears in many official sources. However, correct documents do not guarantee the absence of fraud, because someone younger may be living according to your documents. For example, your daughter.
It seems to me that even the dress is the same (on the left - photo from Zhanna’s ID card):
For a full analysis, let's take a step back. Here are two interesting photos. The first one shows young Jeanne, and the second one shows young Yvonne trying to recreate the first one. It seems Yvonne liked to copy her mother from a fairly early age:
By the way, the shape of the old woman’s nose is more similar to the shape of Yvonne’s father’s nose than to the shape of the young Jeanne’s nose:
The scale of the Kalman couple’s family store can be appreciated from the photo below. It was not just a shop, it was a large multi-storey house, which her husband, Fernand Calment, inherited from his parents, and which he headed from an early age - his father died in 1886, when he was only 18 years old. Fernand not only worked in this house, but also lived there with his mother. Zhanna also moved there after her marriage.
My poor father, Marius Maxence, who worked in this store for 7 years before the First World War and 20 years after, was the oldest employee when the store closed. After 27 years of faithful service (and a medal of labor), he was forced to change his profession.
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The Calment store had a very large area between Antonefle Place, rue Gambetta, rue St Esteve and rue Jean Granaud. The Rue Gambetta side was reserved for the sale of fabrics of all kinds. With large shelves up to the ceiling and ladders to access the various shelves.
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I remember in the 1930s I came to my father's store (I lived only a hundred meters from the bridge). I played with Fredy Bilott, the grandson born of Yvonne Calment's marriage to Colonel Bilott. We were several months apart, and we hid behind banks or furniture.
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The Calment family was well known in Arles. You could even say that this was a family of bourgeois who knew how to live, including Colonel Bilott and his wife Yvonne Calment.
By the way, it is interesting that Yvonne is no longer listed in the 1931 census. Her parents are there, as are her husband and son, everyone lives together, even the servants are accounted for, but Yvonne is not:
In any case, it’s somehow difficult for me to imagine a 13-year-old girl from a wealthy bourgeois family working behind a store counter in 1888. At least, neither Jeanne nor Yvonne worked a day in their adult lives. By the way, according to the validators, at that time Zhanna was supposed to be studying at a Catholic boarding school (Benet private boarding school) - it would be interesting to confirm this data in the school’s archival documents, and at the same time look at the daily routine of the students.
In another interview in 1989, Jeanne claimed that her husband introduced her to Van Gogh in his store when he came in to buy canvases there. So he said: “Look, this is my wife!” Considering that Jeanne was only 13 years old in 1888, this sounds strange. But her future husband (and Yvonne’s father) most likely worked in the store at that time - he was 20 years old, and after his father’s death it was quite logical that he took over the management of the family business. Perhaps he once told his wife and daughter about his meeting with Van Gogh, and Jeanne then began to attribute this meeting to herself.
Everyone remembers that Jeanne Calment officially died at the age of 122, on August 4, 1997. It was said at the time that this lady had a life annuity, and this is true. This rent was provided by a large French company, which was not pleased with such exceptional longevity. Moreover, the company understood perfectly well that it was not paying Jeanne Calment, but her daughter. In fact, after the death of the true Jeanne Calment, her daughter, who was no longer a child herself at that point, took on her mother's identity in order to continue receiving an annuity. The insurance company discovered identity theft, but with consent - or on demand? - the authorities did not make this public, since the “elder of the French” was a legend.
In 1942, Yvonne's father and Jeanne's husband died from cherry poisoning, and in 1963, Jeanne's grandson and son-in-law (or Yvonne's son and husband) died. After this, Zhanna led a rather quiet, if not secretive, life. Even on her 100th birthday, she refused the offer of the mayor of Arles to organize a public celebration of this very rare achievement. The mayor himself recalled very interesting details:
“When I learned that the man from Arles was turning 100 years old,” said Jacques, “I had to, according to tradition, go to her house, inviting her family, and bring a gift. It was a refusal, polite but firm. Madame Calment did not want a ceremony: no drums, no trumpets, no gifts, no cake. She was assured that no one would know about her centenary. Then Zhanna agreed to come to the mayor’s office herself. I waited for Zhanna in the reception room for a long time, until it turned out that one of the sitting women, which looked difficult to give more than eighty, and was the hero of the day.”
Of course, every single error in recollection or inconsistency in Jeanne’s biography could be attributed to chance. But taken together, they all make you, at a minimum, want to understand much more deeply into the biography of this extraordinary woman. I hope the gerontological community will support this idea and not perceive it as sacrilege.
In conclusion, I want to say that almost the entire evidence base on which this material is based is the merit of
This elderly woman certainly deserves to have her name appear in the Guinness Book of Records. And not only because she topped the TOP of the oldest ladies on the planet. Jeanne Calment made one of the most unusual transactions in the field of commerce. What is known about this long-liver, who did not always lead a healthy lifestyle and, despite this, managed to reach the age limit of 122 years? Let's consider this issue in more detail.
Jeanne Louise Calment is a native of Arles, located in southeastern France. She was born on February 21, 1875. Zhanna's father was engaged in the construction of ships and was part of the government structures of the city. Already in childhood, the future centenarian learned the value of money. She helped her father run the business in the store. It was there that she saw the famous Dutch landscape painter Vincent Van Gogh.
However, the thirteen-year-old girl did not like the artist’s appearance. Her impressions of him were negative: “ugly, rude and unkempt.”
Jeanne Calment in her youth marries her second cousin Fernand Nicolas. The husband was engaged in business (owned a store), so the need to work for the future centenarian disappeared. Soon the girl developed a lot of hobbies: swimming, cycling, playing the piano, attending opera concerts, and so on. At the beginning of 1898, Jeanne Calment gives birth to her daughter Yvonne. Initially, their family lived in the same house with their mother-in-law, and only in 1906 the centenarian, along with her husband and daughter, received a separate apartment located on St. Easteve Street.
Jeanne's daughter in 1926 became the wife of a military man, Joseph Charles Frederic Billiot.
Soon Zhanna Kalman becomes a grandmother: she has a grandson, Frederic. In the early 30s, the centenarian experiences severe grief: her daughter Yvonne dies of pneumonia. Zhanna Kalman devotes herself entirely to raising her grandson. In 1942, grief came knocking on her life again: her husband Fernand died. Grandson Frederick enters medical school. The young man gets married, and in 1963 something bad happens to him: he dies in a car accident. And a few months later, death overtakes Zhanna’s son-in-law. Even her only niece, who was only 21 years old, passed away. So she was left alone, without family and friends. Kalman did not like to remember the deaths of relatives: the pain of loss was too acute.
Until now, this agreement is considered one of the most odious in the history of jurisprudence. Jeanne Kalman, whose biography contains many interesting and remarkable facts, concluded it when she was already 90 years old. She acted as a seller in the transaction. Lawyer Francois Raffet was on the buyer's side. The object of the purchase and sale agreement was an apartment in Arles. The essence of the deal was as follows: the buyer assumed the obligation to pay Jeanne Calment 2.5 thousand French francs every month.
In return, the lawyer became the owner of the property, but only after the death of the centenarian. The average cost of an apartment was equivalent to ten years of payments. But, as it turned out, after the deal was concluded, Jeanne Louise Kalman lived for another 32 years, but the beneficiary never lived in the “Arlevs” apartment, since he died two years before the death of the centenarian. During this period, the lawyer’s wife paid the money. The French woman Jeanne Calment did not leave this situation without comment: “Sometimes bad deals happen in life.” In turn, the wife of the late lawyer noted that the long-lived woman was a person with a capital P. She emphasized that Francois Raffet and Jeanne Louise Calment, whose biography certainly deserves separate consideration, maintained the warmest friendly relations.
In 1975, the long-lived woman celebrated her centenary. Ten years after that, Kalman moved to a nursing home. The reason for this act turned out to be banal: a fire broke out in her home, and it was her fault. She was preparing food when the fire occurred. After such an emergency, Jeanne Louise Kalman, whose biography is familiar to a huge number of French people, no longer wanted to stay in her own apartment. The woman, having overcome the age threshold of 110 years, began to actively communicate with journalists and representatives of science.
In particular, she had a lot of contact with Dr. Michel Allard, who specialized in longevity issues. In addition, she gave interviews to demographer Jean-Marie Robin and physician Victor Lebret. Scientist George Garoyan also became interested in Kalman’s unique age. At the end of the 80s, his dissertation on the longevity of a French woman from Arles was completed.
In 1988, Kalman was awarded the title of "The oldest living person on the planet." At that time she was 113 years old. But she failed to hold this title for long. Her competitor, Carrie White, temporarily took it away. Then Jeanne Louise decided to draw attention to her person by the fact that she was personally acquainted with the artist Van Gogh. In 1990, she even starred in an episode of the film about the famous landscape painter “Vincent and Me.” Kalman played on the set at the age of 114. The Frenchwoman soon became the "Oldest Living Person on the Planet" once again as Carrie White passed away. She held this honorary title for 6.5 years.
In the winter of 1995, the centenarian turned 120 years old. Naturally, the press wrote about such an extraordinary event in great detail. A documentary film was made about Calment called "Jeanne Calment, doyenne du monde". And in 1996, a music disc appeared on sale, which was based on several rap compositions performed by Kalman.
It is noteworthy that the French woman from Arles did not adhere to a healthy lifestyle.
Until the age of 95, she suffered from nicotine addiction, and only at the age of 117 after surgery was she forced to quit smoking. She smoked two cigarettes a day. At the same time, scientists noted that Jeanne Louise Kalman is perhaps the only one of the centenarians who has a bad habit.
Ordinary people put forward their own version of why the woman from Arles does not die for so long. In their opinion, the reason for longevity is the special diet that Kalman adheres to. It was based on wine and chocolate.
But representatives of the scientific community explained the phenomenon of the French woman with her positive attitude towards life. Its essence boiled down to the phrase: “If you are unable to change anything, then leave everything as it is.” At the same time, Jeanne Louise herself expressed a version of why she lives so long. The woman said: her secret is that almost every day she eats fruits and salads dressed exclusively with olive oil.
One way or another, the Frenchwoman had the main prerequisites for longevity, with the exception of nicotine addiction. Firstly, Kalman had good genetics, and secondly, she was a woman (as you know, the fairer sex lives longer than men). Thirdly, the French woman did not have a tendency to be overweight and was actively involved in sports (fencing, cycling). To all this it should be added that Jeanne Kalman preferred to walk a lot in nature and enjoyed visiting.
Scientists, in turn, noted that the first sign that a person can live more than a hundred years is good genetics. But most of the relatives of the French phenomenon lived to the “above average” level.
According to demographer Jean-Marie Robin, the centenarian, shortly before her death, was in excellent spirits and did not complain of any physical ailments, except that she had almost completely lost the ability to see and hear. When Jeanne Calment was 115 years old, she fell down the stairs and injured her hip, ending up in a wheelchair. Scientist Karen Ritchie analyzed the mental and mental state of the centenarian every six months. And, as it turned out, Jeanne Kalman did not lose clarity of mind and reason until the end of her days. Even in her old age, the Frenchwoman easily solved mathematical problems and recited poetry by heart.
This is how Jeanne Kalman turned out to be such an unusual and mysterious phenomenon. How many years did she live?
One hundred twenty-two years, five months and two weeks. The long-liver died on August 4, 1997. Nursing home officials said she died of natural causes. The death of the Frenchwoman came as a surprise and a real shock to the residents of Arles.
She was born in the French city of Orly, at the age of 14 she witnessed the construction of the Eiffel Tower, and also talked with the famous Van Gogh. She told reporters about this meeting on her centenary, and admitted that the great artist was “untidy, angry and gloomy...”.
Zhanna Louise always led an active lifestyle, was interested in many things and tried herself in different fields. At the age of 85, Kalman became interested in fencing, at 100 she was still riding a bicycle, at 114 she acted in films, and at 115 she underwent hip surgery. And by 117 I decided to quit smoking. Before that, she had not parted with a cigarette for 95 years. This happened not because she felt unwell, but because the woman’s vision had deteriorated greatly, and it was inconvenient for her to ask someone to light a cigarette for her every time.
When the woman was 90 years old, she lost all her heirs and decided to enter into an agreement with the 47-year-old lawyer Raffrey. The old woman bequeathed the house to him in exchange for the fact that he had to pay her a monthly lifetime annuity for maintenance. The cost of her house was equal to approximately 10 years of payments. But since she did not intend to die, the lawyer paid her annuity for 30 years, and then he died and his widow continued to pay the maintenance.
Until her last days, Kalman retained her sense of humor, as well as amazing clarity and sharpness of mind. When Jeanne Louise was asked on her 120th birthday how she saw her future, she replied: “Very short.”
In one of the interviews, the correspondent said to her when saying goodbye: “See you!” Maybe next year...” To which Kalman replied: “Why not? You don’t look that bad!”
The woman died peacefully at the age of 122 years, 5 months and 14 days. Until now, no one has managed to break her longevity record.
Rules of life and quotes from Jeanne Louise Calment
“Every age has its own happiness and its own problems.”
“Youth is a state of mind, not of body. That’s why I’m still just a girl, I’ve just looked bad for the last 70 years.”
“I only have one wrinkle and I’m sitting on it right now.”
"All babies are beautiful."
“God forgot about me!”
"I'm in love with wine."
"Always smile. This is how I explain the reason for my longevity.”
“If you can't do anything about something, don't worry about it.”
“I have a great desire to live and a good appetite, especially for sweets.”
“I never wear mascara because I laugh a lot until I cry.”
“I can’t see well, I can’t hear well, and I don’t feel well, but it’s all nonsense.”
"I think I'm going to die laughing."
“I have iron legs, but to be honest, they are slowly starting to rust.”
“I enjoyed every opportunity, I followed the principles of morality, and I have nothing to regret. I'm lucky."
Frenchwoman Jeanne Louise Calment, who was born on February 21, 1875 and died in August 1997, holds the official world record for life expectancy. Kalman survived two world wars, 17 presidents, a fire in her own house and met with the same Van Gogh.
This amazing woman never lost heart, treated everything with humor and enjoyed life every day. She lived so brightly and interestingly that death did not want to take her.
A few facts from the life of the unsurpassed Jeanne Kalman. She is a native Frenchwoman, born in Orly into an aristocratic family. When Jeanne was 8, Edison had just invented the light bulb. When she was 14, the Eiffel Tower was built. At 21 she married a distant relative.
It's hard to believe, but once in her youth Jeanne met Van Gogh. “He was dirty, poorly dressed and gloomy,” she admitted in an interview on the 100th anniversary of the great artist’s birth.
Many people don’t live to see 85, but Jeanne Kalman not only lived to see it, but it was at this age that she began fencing. Aren't you surprised? When she was a century old, this granny rode a bicycle. At the age of 115 she received a role in the film, and at 121 she took part in the musical “Mistress of the Planet.”
“I only have one wrinkle, and I’m sitting on it!” - the great-grandmother of the planet once said. By the way, Jeanne only quit smoking at the age of 117 and gave up her daily aperitif before dinner. Relatives say that until her last days she loved hot seasonings and spicy dishes. “I’m in love with wine,” Kalman liked to repeat.
Ironically, Jeanne outlived all her children and even grandchildren, so she had no heirs. At the age of 90, she entered into an agreement with 47-year-old lawyer Raffrey: he was to inherit her house in exchange for paying her monthly rent until his death.
According to calculations, the value of the house was approximately equal to the amount that the lawyer had to pay over 10 years. However, even here fortune smiled on Jeanne: Raffrey not only paid her for 30 long years, but also died before the super-old woman at the age of 77. That's not all: according to the agreement, the widow of the deceased continued to make payments.
Kalman outlived 17 (!) presidents of her own country. When asked what the secret of her longevity was, she answered, thinking: “Probably that I never worked.” For the last seven years of her life, it was very difficult for her to walk (a hip injury was making itself felt), but this mega-grandmother maintained a clear mind and a bright memory until the end of her days.
In one of the interviews, the correspondent said goodbye to her: "See you! Maybe next year…" To which Kalman replied: "Why not? You don’t look that bad!”
Until her last breath, this fragile and daring old lady remained a style icon: a white blouse, black trousers, and a string of pearls always adorned her neck. “It seems to me that I will die of laughter,” suggested the cheerful grandmother. When Zhanna left this world at the 123rd year of her life, apparently not only she laughed, but also fate itself.
This woman never lost heart and challenged life every day. And fate, as you know, loves the brave, that’s why I didn’t dare to compete with Kalman... Tell all your friends about this cool old lady: let them also know the secrets of the longevity of the one whom all of France knew...
Cooking 894
Interesting 573
Jeanne Louise Calment was born on February 21, 1875 in Apple, where she lived all her life.
Jeanne was born into the family of Nicolas (1838–1931) and Marguerite (1838–1924) Kalmans. Both parents were 37 years old at the time. The two eldest children in the family, Antoine and Marie, died before her birth: Antoine at four years old, Marie in infancy.
However, Jeanne's brother Francois, who was 10 years older than her, turned out to be a long-liver, just like her younger sister. He died in 1962 at the age of 97. It is unknown exactly how many children were born in the family; Jeanne only knew about Francois. Although she had heard that the Kalmans had older children who died early, she did not know their names.
The Calment family belonged to the local bourgeoisie, and Jeanne's father Nicolas was a member of the Arles Council. By profession he was a shipbuilder. Marguerite, née Gilles, came from a family of millers. They married on October 16, 1861. The names of Jeanne's godparents are also known - they were Louis Paget and Jeanne Gilles, an aunt. In honor of them, the girl received the name Zhanna Louise. The priest who certified the birth certificate found in the archives by researchers was a man named Berlioz.
1895, Zhanna is 20 years old
The official world record for life expectancy belongs to the French woman Jeanne Calment.
She lived 122 years and 164 days (1875 - 1997).
Birth certificate of Jeanne Kalman
Jeanne Louise Calment has seen a lot in her life. By the time the construction of the Eiffel Tower was completed, she was 14 years old. In her youth, Kalman worked part-time in her father’s shop. That same year, she met Vincent Van Gogh, who came to buy fabrics at her father's store. She later recalled that she did not like Van Gogh at all: “He was dirty, poorly dressed and gloomy.”
At the age of 21, she married her second cousin Fernand Calment, a wealthy store owner, which allowed Jeanne not to work, but to practice her hobbies: tennis, cycling, swimming, skating, hunting with her husband, piano and going to the opera.
At the same age, Zhanna started smoking. They say that all her life Madame limited herself to a couple of cigarettes a day.
1897, Zhanna is 22 years old
When World War I broke out, Jeanne's husband's business survived the post-war depression, but was killed by a dessert made from spoiled canned cherries. Fernand Calment died in 1942, four years before their golden wedding.
In addition to her husband, Jeanne was survived by her daughter Yvonne, who died in 1934 from pneumonia, and her only grandson, Frederic, who died in 1960 due to a motorcycle accident.
On the other hand, her parents turned out to be real long-livers - her father lived for 93 years, her mother for 86, and her brother Francois managed to live to the age of 97.
1915, Zhanna is 40 years old
Jeanne attended Hugo's funeral. At 114, she starred in a documentary about Van Gogh, whom she knew in her youth, Vincent and Me, becoming the oldest actress in the world.
At 115 years old, she broke her leg and turned out to be the oldest surgical patient ever to be on the operating table.
She survived two world wars.
She watched the construction of the Eiffel Tower.
She has outlived 17 French presidents.
In her youth she practiced fencing, but at 85 she still went to the gym to train.
At the age of 15, she first sat on a bicycle and then rode for 100 years.
All her life she sought to communicate with young people, refusing to date wrinkled old women.
To the remark that she herself was not young, she could say:
- Don’t compare me with them - I only have one wrinkle, and I’m sitting on that one!
According to the recollections of the staff, the old lady always tried to look perfect.
Her everyday clothes were a sharp black pantsuit and a crisp white blouse.
And one more thing: her handkerchief always exuded the aroma of expensive perfume...
Left infinitely lonely after the death of all her relatives and descendants, she accepted the longevity given to her as a sign that it was a sin to indulge in despondency, but she must continue to live.
The main components of the secret of her story were positivism, activity and a sense of humor. Madame Calment maintained her good spirits and optimism until the end of her life.
She argued that youth is a state of mind, not a state of body. Consequently, according to her, she remained essentially a girl who has not looked well for the last 70 years.
Her favorite expression, which can be called her life motto, was: “If you can’t influence something unpleasant, then you shouldn’t worry about it at all.”
Until old age, Jeanne Louise retained her playful character.
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Zhanna quit smoking at the age of 117, and this was not due to her health, but to the fact that by that time Zhanna, who had almost lost her sight, found it unpleasant to ask someone to light a cigarette every time.
She lived independently without assistance until she was 110 years old.
There was a funny legal curiosity in the life of Jeanne Kalman. When she was 90 years old, she no longer had heirs, and she entered into a life annuity agreement with her lawyer, 47-year-old Andre-François Raffrey.
After the death of the old woman, her house was to be transferred to him, and until that moment he paid her monthly rent (about 400 dollars). The market value of the apartments has already been paid for the first 10 years!
As you probably already guessed, Raffrey never received the coveted housing.
He paid annuity to Jeanne for 30 years until he himself died at 77. Then, according to the law, his widow continued payments.
Ultimately, the Raffreys were overpaid by more than three times the market price for the apartments.
By the way, the lawyer’s widow spoke very warmly about Zhanna: “She was a person! My husband had a wonderful relationship with Madame Calment."
At 110 years of age, Calment moved to the La Maison du Lac nursing home. The reason for the move was a fire that she accidentally started at home while cooking. After him, Kalman finally, although reluctantly, decided to leave the apartment. Around the same time, it began to attract attention from journalists and scientists. Since her 110th birthday, every year on Kalman’s birthday she has received reporters. Among the interviewers were Michel Allard, a doctor involved in longevity research, Kalman's attending physician Victor Lebret and demographer Jean-Marie Robin, who subsequently published a book and several monographs about Kalman. In 1989, a scientific dissertation about Kalman was published by George Garoyan. The centenarian herself said that she was not embarrassed by the attention from journalists. “I waited 110 years to become famous,” she said.
In one of the interviews, the correspondent said to her when parting: “See you!” Maybe next year...” To which Kalman said: “Why not? You don’t look that bad!”
When Jeanne was asked on her 120th birthday what she thought the future would be, Madame gave an ingenious answer: “Very short.”
Both before and after Kalman’s death, there were attempts to challenge her record as a verified (official) centenarian, but so far no one’s claim to the title of the oldest woman on the planet has been documented.
She always led an active lifestyle and went to the gym to train.
Jeanne considered the secret of her longevity and relatively youthful appearance to be olive oil, which she ate and lubricated her skin; she loved port wine and ate almost a kilogram of chocolate a week.
She always added garlic to meat and fish.
Jeanne Kalman was a very witty woman, here are some of her sayings:
“I was not young a hundred years ago.”
“I only have one wrinkle, and I’m sitting on it.”
"I'm in love with wine."
“God forgot about me!”
According to Jean-Marie Robin, a demographer, Calment was in good health a month before her death, although she had almost completely lost her hearing and vision.
Neuropsychologist Karen Ritchie conducted examinations of her mental and mental state every 6 months. According to him, Kalman retained a clear memory and mind until the end of her life. She enjoyed telling Richie the poems she had learned as a child and solved arithmetic problems with ease.
Kalman was always reluctant to talk about the losses of her family and friends and, according to her, tried not to think about them. However, before her death, she asked that a photograph of her grandson be hung on the right side of her coffin, and a photograph of her daughter on the left. "They will be buried with me," she said.
Well, Jeanne used to tell the Raffreys that she was competing with the biblical Methuselah. She was joking, of course, but she couldn’t even imagine that she would “overtake”… the Terminator himself! In the movie "Terminator 2: Judgment Day" it was said that Schwarzenegger's hero, a robot, is able to maintain autonomous operation for up to 120 years. And then in a motionless state!