Michelson's Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling) What is a sketch, what it means and how to spell it correctly

TYPES OF SKETCHES AND THEIR PURPOSE

Any design project begins with a graphic image, which can be conditional, realistic, in the form of a diagram or a drawing. A designer, designing a particular object, goes through a number of successive stages. At each stage, certain types of graphic work are performed. Consider the same types of sketches.

Sketch

A sketch is a preliminary sketch that fixes the concept of a work of art, structure, mechanism, or a separate part of it. A sketch is often a quick free drawing that is not intended to be a finished piece of work.

Sketching is inexpensive and allows the artist to sketch and try other ideas before embodying them in painting. Pencil or pastels are preferred for sketching due to time constraints, but a quick sketch of a watercolor, or even a quick mock-up in clay or soft wax, can also be considered a sketch in a broader sense. Renaissance artists made sketches using a silver pen on specially prepared paper. When working on a sketch, you can use an eraser: the eraser is used to remove construction lines or to soften overly sharp lines.

Linear images, or line graphics, are widely used in design. The line can be seen as one of the main means of the visual arts in general. The line is used in the drawing, and in the sketch, and in sketches.

Fore sketch

A fore sketch is a preliminary sketch before the final idea is approved, which is worked out in detail in the final sketch. Often done during a conversation with a customer. The task of working on fore-sketches is to find the compositional, coloristic and tonal organization of image elements on the image plane in accordance with the creative concept. Usually fore-sketch does not provide a color scheme.

When developing primary sketches (fore-sketches), the designer needs to quickly and expressively outline the shape and proportions of the object. The best technique for this is sketching. A sketch, which is completed in a short period of time, is characterized by a certain brevity and convention. Without preliminary pencil drawing with any tool (pen, brush), you need to draw an object, focusing on expressiveness, shape and plasticity.

The expressiveness of the sketch largely depends on the technique of execution. The linear solution of the sketch can be done with a pencil, pen, stick, brush, felt-tip pen.

Working sketch

A working sketch is a graphic document containing an image of a part and other data necessary for its manufacture and control. Working drawings of parts are performed on a certain scale using drawing tools or a variety of technical means.

The information required for the manufacture and control of the object is presented on the sketch in the form of graphic and text information. The general requirements for the content of this information are as follows:

a) on the sketch, the object must be depicted in the minimum number of images sufficient to clarify the form, using the conventions established by the standards;

b) all necessary dimensions must be applied geometrically fully and structurally correctly on the sketch;

c) the sketch must contain the necessary technical requirements reflecting the features: material, coating, maximum dimensional deviations, tolerances of the shape and location of surfaces, etc.

Thus, the first basic requirement relates to the shape of the part, the second is related to the setting and application of dimensions, the third relates to the technical requirements.

Technical sketch

A technical sketch is a sketch that is created in case it becomes necessary to show certain technological points and solutions. Designers use technical drawing in their work to convey visual and semantic information about the designed object. This can be a technical drawing of attaching a sign to a wall or a drawing that will show the wiring diagram in the product. In this case, all the key structural elements are depicted, the necessary explanation is given. All this is done for the customer to fully understand the points of interest.

The technical sketch of the garment is a working drawing of the garment from the front, back and, if necessary, from the side. Such a sketch effectively conveys aspects of the detailed production process, communicates information about the proportions, construction, seams and embellishments of designer clothes, so that when it is handed over to the cutter or workshop worker, there is confidence that the ideas will be recreated correctly. A technical sketch is usually created for a designer, cutter, technologist and seamstress.

The technical sketch does not carry exaggeration and stylization, it reflects the proportions of the object in the most clear way; shadows are not superimposed to avoid misunderstandings during production. The drawing is created in a cold, restrained, contoured, concrete manner.

Presentation sketch

A presentation or exhibition sketch is the final stage of sketch design. In clothing design, as a rule, it is carried out during the development of collections and is intended for discussion by specialists. Such a sketch can contain color, shadows and anything that makes the project more attractive to the client.

Presentation sketches complete the sketch design and are necessary to demonstrate the finished object. There are no restrictions on graphics, the main thing is the expressiveness of the sketch.

The choice of graphic techniques and tools depends on the theme and concept of the designed object. All this requires a careful approach, the use of the laws of composition (rhythm, subordination of elements, etc.), therefore, to proceed to the stage of object presentation, you need to go through the entire sketching stage, starting with fore-sketches.

TECHNICAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODS FOR THEIR PERFORMANCE

The system of means and methods of transmitting visual images of all objects of the real world is of great importance in design and in the visual arts. The drawing technique is understood as a system of graphic means and technical methods (techniques), which the drawer uses in his work to create specific images performed for educational or creative purposes. A wide line drawn by charcoal, velvety sauce, a variety of deep shades in pencil shading will give unique texture qualities that are inaccessible to hard graphite or feather drawing. Various invoicing techniques include graphic techniques that allow you to create a variety of surfaces and textures.

Hand sketches

Linear, or, as they say, contour drawing has its own distinctive qualities. The line is mobile, plastic, conveys all the features of the form; may be thin or thick, intermittent and quivering, with thickenings. A linear image is conditional, conveys simplicity, laconicism, image clarity and refers to fast graphic techniques. The line can not only be used for a plane image, but also create the illusion of volume, space. The designer must masterfully master line graphics, be able to work with a pen, pencil and other graphic materials.

The real world can be represented not only in the form of linear, but also in the form of spotted silhouette images. The spot is of great importance in sketches and sketches, in the work on the sketch of the costume. The spot has its own shape, plasticity, mass. Silhouette spotted graphics can be very expressive. With the help of a spot, you can highlight the accent of the composition, emphasize the sharpness of the silhouette, especially with regard to new promising forms, creative proposals. The spot should be clear, should not be shaded, but done with a brush. It is recommended to use a large brush to fill in the stain so as not to get sloppy streaks. The shape, size of the spot, its contours depend on the concept of the project, the intention of the author, etc.

Consider several types of artwork.

Washing

A hillshade is a layering of lightly diluted watercolor or ink in order to create a smooth gradient or "transparent" fill. Paintings obtained using this technology sometimes look like real photographs.

In modern conditions of computerization of the activities of specialists in architectural and artistic specialties, washing has ceased to instill the skills of a graphic representation of the design material. However, without ceasing to be an integral part of the preparation of students, it pursues the goal of teaching the basics of spatial naturalistic pictorial and graphic images, with their laws, rules, methods and techniques of work, performing the following tasks:

· Education of the culture of mastering and reproduction of color.

The repeated practice of obtaining a complex color by means of washing with a visual-emotional example forms a color taste and teaches us to achieve restrained, complex, pleasant colors by other means and materials. The color obtained by washing can be described with adjectives: deep, luminous, complex and even intelligent. The fact is that to perform the technique from watercolor or ink, a color scheme is prepared by diluting the dye with water in a separate container. Because of this, each glazed color layer has transparency and allows you to see the lower layers through itself. With layer-by-layer application, each top layer is enriched with the lower layers, and the total color becomes deeper, however, the paper shines through less with each new layer. The function of white is performed by paper. Translucent from under the layers of paint, it brings the quality of the luminosity of the color. When washed, hue, lightness and saturation are made up of layers and depend on their number. The total color of all applied layers is much different from that taken from the can.

Development of artistic thinking

Thanks to the transparency of the color scheme and multilayer writing, washing in teaching visual literacy inevitably leads the drawer to the need for study, deep understanding and absolute understanding of the basic principles and laws of realistic drawing, and also develops the skills of their deliberate application in practical activity by the method of thinking when drawing, which can be called “analytical ".

Round soft squirrel brushes of various thicknesses are used to carry out the cleaning work. It is possible to use core brushes. The paper for work can be selected empirically, better stretched over the tablet to prevent bending from water. You can work in the technique with watercolors, ink and, oddly enough, tea. You will also need a large container of clean water for washing the brush and wetting the paper, one or more containers smaller, palette trays for different colors of colors. A white plate or saucer will replace the plastic palette when working with water-based paint. The rag will serve to wring out the hand and wipe your hands.

Monotype

The word "monotype" is of Greek origin. It consists of two words: "monos" - one, only and "typos" - a trace, an imprint. Monotype is a type of printed graphic, the invention of which is attributed to the Italian painter and printmaker Giovanni Castiglione (1607-1665). The technique of printing monotype consists in applying paints by hand on a perfectly smooth surface of a printing plate, followed by printing on a machine; the print obtained on paper is always the only one, unique. In psychology and pedagogy, the monotype technique is used to develop the imagination of older preschool children.

For works made in the Monotype technique, the subtlety of color relations, smoothness and softness of the outlines of forms are characteristic, which outwardly brings monotype closer to watercolor.

Multicolor (polychrome monotype) is usually done with watercolors or specially degreased oil paints. For a monotype with watercolors, you first need to make a contour drawing on paper with a pencil. Pencil work is auxiliary, but we must do it on paper of the size that the composition is intended for.

The print paper should be larger than the preparatory drawing. Place the finished draft under the glass. We take watercolors, a brush, water and baby soap. We dilute the paint with soapy water. To work on a monotype, the paint must be thick, and not transparent, as in watercolor painting. We draw with it on glass, through which the pencil drawing should be clearly visible. You just need to make sure that the glass (or film) does not move.

In addition to the multi-color monotype, there is also the so-called monochrome. Most often it is performed in black or brown. This type of monotype is performed with printing or oil paints, but the latter must be prepared accordingly, i.e. degrease. For this, oil paint is squeezed out of the tube onto newsprint or blotting paper. When the grease has been absorbed by the paper, the ink is ready for use. Monochrome monotype can also be performed with non-degreased paint, but then there is a threat that the clarity of the image will be disturbed, and in addition, the work will dry for a long time.

Artists very rarely use pure monotype. As a rule, it is used as part of a mixed technique. In the combination of shapes and colors printed on a sheet of paper, the artist guesses images that are close to him and draws what he sees on paper with a brush.

Stencil

A stencil is a device used to apply various symbols on different surfaces, such as letters, numbers and various images; also this term denotes an image created with this device.

A stencil in the meaning of a device is a sheet of film, paper, or other material in which several through holes of various shapes, or segments, that make up the original image are cut. When making a stencil, the picture is divided into segments in such a way that when drawing the stencil does not break, and the image remains readable.

Stencils can be divided into groups according to different criteria:

1. By the number of layers - single-layer and multi-layer stencils.

2. By the duration of use: disposable and reusable.

3. By material: paper, cardboard, film, metal and others.

4. At the place of use: in production, in art, in design, in cooking, etc.

In graffiti, stencils are used to sharpen a drawing or quickly reproduce a picture many times. In other words, writers (graffiti artists) use it, for example, when you need to add a lot of the same type of small, but clearly traced elements. It is applied with an aerosol spray paint.

Collage

Collage is a technique for creating an image on paper by assembling pieces of various materials. The reception resembles a mosaic. In graphics, collage is usually interpreted as a combination of paper inserts in one image. You can also use fabric and other materials.

Collage was introduced into art as a formal experiment by the Cubists, Futurists and Dadaists. At that stage, scraps of newspapers, photographs, wallpapers were used for graphic purposes. Pieces of fabric, chips, etc. were glued to the canvas.

It is believed that Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso were the first to use the collage technique in art in 1910-1912. The first artist working exclusively in collage technique was Kurt Schwitters.

It is necessary to distinguish collage from a close, but still another means of image - applique, that is, the use of various materials and structures - fabrics, newspapers, plywood or tin in order to enhance expressive capabilities. This method of creating an image in its essence and technique is close to inlay.

Collage technique allows you to achieve maximum expressiveness of graphic sketches.

Collage is used in sketches in both pure and mixed media. In mixed media, various colors are added to the collage, the shape is worked out with lines. For the convenience of working with a collage, you can first draw a diagram of the arrangement of fragments.

A photo collage is a free, arbitrary connection, sometimes not even interconnected, of several styles of photographic images in one picture or photograph.

In the course of the development of photography, it became possible to use various techniques and methods of creating collages with the use of special effects. It should be noted that this direction of art is becoming more accessible to an increasing circle of people who do not have professional photography skills or computer processing of photographs (for example, using the Photoshop program).

Application

Applique - cutting and pasting (sewing) figures, patterns or whole pictures from pieces of paper, fabric, leather, vegetable and other materials on the base material (background). As a rule, cardboard, thick paper, wood are used as the base material. The application is associated with cognitive activity and has a huge impact on the development of mental and creative abilities of children.

The concept of "application" includes methods of creating works of art from materials of various properties and texture, united by the similarity of the execution technique. Each material has its own characteristics, which have a decisive influence on the application technique. For example, paper, straw, dried plants, birch bark are attached to the background with various adhesives; poplar fluff is laid on velvet paper.

Applique is the easiest and most affordable way to create artwork, while maintaining the realistic basis of the image itself. This makes it possible to widely use the application not only for decoration purposes, but also in the creation of paintings, panels, ornaments, etc. The main features of the applique are silhouette, flat generalized interpretation of the image, and the locality of large color spots.

The application can be subject, consisting of separate images; plot, displaying a set of actions, events; decorative, including ornaments, patterns that can be used to decorate various objects.

Digital sketches

Digital painting is the creation of electronic images, which is carried out not by rendering (visualizing) computer models, but due to the use of computer imitations of traditional artist's tools by a person.

A computer in digital painting is just like a brush with an easel. In order to draw well on a computer, you also need to know and be able to apply all the knowledge and experience accumulated by generations of artists (laws of perspective, color science, glare, reflexes, etc.). Unlike traditional painting, digital has advanced and high-tech functions of tools and capabilities: for example, working with layers or applying textures from photographs to areas of the painting you need; generation of noise of a given type; various brush effects; various filters and adjustments, and much more.

Let's take a look at the most popular graphic programs for digital sketching.

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a multifunctional graphics editor developed and distributed by Adobe Systems. Works mainly with bitmaps, but has some vector tools. The product is the market leader in commercial bitmap editing tools and is the best known product from Adobe. This program is often referred to simply as Photoshop.

Despite the fact that the program was originally developed as an image editor for printing, it is now widely used in web design.

The extended version of the Adobe Photoshop Extended program is intended for more professional use, namely, when creating films, videos, multimedia projects, three-dimensional graphic design and web design, for work in the fields of production, medicine, architecture, and for scientific research.

Adobe illustrator

Adobe Illustrator is a vector graphics editor developed and distributed by Adobe Systems.

The program was conceived as a vector graphics editor, however designers use it for different purposes. The program has a wide range of drawing tools and color and text management capabilities.

Thanks to Adobe Illustartor, you can create vector images of any complexity, quickly and accurately turn hand-drawn scanned sketches, photographs, or other bitmaps into editable vector paths, and the intuitive interface and easy access to all functions of the application will provide a professional level of control over the entire graphics creation process. ...

You can create a dynamic design for any project. Because of the precision and functionality of the tools, Adobe Illustrator CS6 software is used by design professionals around the world.

Autodesk 3ds Max

Autodesk 3ds Max (formerly 3D Studio MAX) is a fully functional professional software system for creating and editing 3D graphics and animation, developed by Autodesk. Contains the most advanced tools for artists and multimedia professionals.

3ds Max has extensive tools for creating 3D computer models of various shapes and complexity, real or fantastic objects of the surrounding world, using a variety of techniques and mechanisms.

Modeling based on standard objects, as a rule, is the main method of modeling and serves as a starting point for creating objects of complex structure, which is associated with the use of primitives in combination with each other as elementary parts of composite objects.

Adobe After Effects

Adobe After Effects is software from Adobe Systems for video and dynamic image editing, composition development (compositing), animation and various effects creation. It is widely used in processing footage (color correction, post-production), in the creation of commercials, music videos, in the production of animation (for television and web), titles for feature and television films, as well as for a number of other tasks that require use of digital video effects.

The name comes from an effect known as "persistence (inertia) of visual sensation", this mechanism uses the sensory memory of the retina, which allows visual information to be retained for a short period of time.

Thanks to its extensive library of third-party plugins, After Effects is also used in the printing and graphic design industry to edit static graphics (photos, computer generated images, etc.).

Paint tool sai

Paint Tool Sai is a program developed by a Japanese company for digital painting.

Paint Tool Sai is one of the best drawing software. SAI offers a variety of tools that can be highly customized. There are some important filters and effects that make the program complete. The program offers both raster and vector drawing tools.

Sai's user interface allows you to keep more than one document open at a time. The canvas of the drawing can be scaled and rotated using sliders on the navigator or hotkeys configured on the keyboard. It is also possible to keep different areas of the same document open. The color mixing panel can persist between sessions. Colors can be saved in the swatch panel.

Various bitmap drawing tools are implemented, such as Airbrush, Watercolor, Pen, and Marker, which can all be easily customized and stored in slots in the application's user interface. There are also a number of vector drawing tools for inking that, like bitmap tools, can be configured to be pressure-sensitive (for example, on drawing tablets).

Some typical functions that are inherent in graphics programs are not implemented. These are text, gradients, and shapes. SAI focuses on drawing and painting, while the final stage of painting is left to other applications.

AutoCAD is a 3D CAD / CAM system developed by Autodesk. The first version of the system was released in 1982. AutoCAD and specialized applications based on it are widely used in mechanical engineering, construction, architecture and other industries. The program is published in 18 languages. The level of localization ranges from full customization to translation of reference documentation only. The Russian version is fully localized, including the command line interface and all documentation, except for the programming manual.

The widespread use of AutoCAD in the world is due not least to the advanced development and adaptation tools that allow you to customize the system for the needs of specific users and significantly expand the functionality of the base system. A rich set of application development tools makes the base version of AutoCAD a universal platform for application development.

ArchiCAD

ArchiCAD is a graphical CAD software package for architects and landscape designers created by Graphisoft. Designed for the design of architectural and building structures and solutions, as well as landscape elements, furniture, etc.

The package uses the concept of the Virtual Building. Its essence lies in the fact that the ARCHICAD project represents a virtual model of a real building that exists in the computer's memory. For its implementation, the designer at the initial stages of work with the project actually "builds" the building, using tools that have their full counterparts in reality: walls, floors, windows, stairs, various objects, etc. After completing the modeling stage, the user can extract from the "virtual building" all the necessary data for the creation of design documentation: floor plans, facades, sections, explications, specifications, visualizations, etc.

Definition

Sketch is the first trace, sketch or picturemade from a painting or any other work of human creativity. The sketch represents the first concrete step of the work, that is first materialization author's idea.

In the artistic field, as we mentioned, sketches are fundamental so that authors can formulate their first ideas about the artwork they want to develop. This has led to the fact that now, in different museums around the world, we have the opportunity to admire and recognize the sketches of great artists, such as, for example, Cezanne or Picasso.

The plan must evolve and complete a series of stages until it becomes a finished work. Therefore, the concept of sketch is also associated with any vague and vague idea of \u200b\u200banything ... For instance: "The architect presented a sketch of the structure, which I really liked", "Tomorrow I have to give the final, and I just have a sketch of the topics to be developed.", “I want a sketch of your plan for the last hour of the day . "

Sketch concept is related to concept scheme, a term of Latin origin ( schema), which belongs to symbolic or graphical representation tangible or intangible things. The circuit can be idea or a concept that you have about something.

In more technical fields, a sketch can be compared to a schematic when it is leadership for development the project ... In these cases, it is the foundation that indicates the next steps.

Likewise, we cannot ignore the existence of an expression that uses the term we are now analyzing. It is an adjective "in a sketch" and is usually used to refer to the fact that something is either not improved or not yet completed.

We must also make it clear that this concept we are exploring is also present in one of the most important animated series in history. We're referring to the production of Pokemon, which started out as a video game saga and finally achieved such success that it made the leap to the small screen and even to movie theaters.

In this we find the fact that there is a very important place called El Sketch. More specifically, this name is given to a forest that is located on an island known as Exta Island and which appears in the Red Fire and Green Leaf Pokémon. Another distinguishing feature is that he can find Heracross, a swamp Pokémon that is part of that type of combat.

As for the text, the sketch is short summary, which includes phrases and words instead of full paragraphs. These sketches are organized in a hierarchical order so that ideas are organized more clearly. The outline allows you to plan your writing essayby organizing the ideas that the author wants to capture in his text.

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Progress does not stand still, new buildings, cars, and various technical household appliances appear. Their creation is impossible without a preliminary sketch and drawing. Designers develop more and more complex devices with different characteristics by sketching. Their main task is to design the part so that it functions correctly. Various drawings help to set correct and accurate data. It takes patience and attention to avoid mistakes.

History of creation

Plunging into history, you can understand that the origin of the drawings dates back to the end of the twentieth century. The images were written on paper using ink. All engineering, mechanical engineering and architectural drawings were drawn with thin neat lines, certain areas were shaded with ink blurring and painted.

The work was painstaking and time consuming. Pupils of draftsmen studied a huge number of disciplines: descriptive geometry, objects for constructing figures at various scales, the study of all kinds of line types, the correct use of drawing tools, formulas.

This position is still relevant today. The study is based on the same scheme, but more modern technologies are used. The program has been greatly simplified using innovative technologies. With the help of computer programs, the construction of a drawing is not difficult, it is enough just to enter accurate data. Their advantage is that there is no need to use auxiliary tools, but the method of drawing by hand remains the most reliable and proven.

Defining a sketch and drawing

Freehand drawing at eye scaleis called a sketch. In general terms - a free drawing, not intended as a final work. Does not require precise construction. A simple pencil and an eraser are often used to depict it. That allows at the initial stage to correctly portray a certain idea before translating it into reality.

A drawing is one of the types of design documents that contains data for the production and operation of the product... Accurate and clear graphic displays are required to create it. The depiction of objects by drawing techniques, do not rely on one eye and the fidelity of the hand, but use different auxiliary tools. The drawing is made on a certain scale, in accordance with the given dimensions of the product.

What is the difference between a drawing and a sketch. Main criteria

• Preliminary sketch.
• We draw by hand.
• No target scale.

• Accurate document.
• Requires drawing tools.
• Design solution with precise data.

Thus, to create a competent drawing, clearly defined parameters are required, including the scale at which the product will be manufactured. The sketch does not require a scale and is performed in free form.

Correct construction and drawing of lines is the main criterion for creating a drawing. The combination of different types of lines is the image of objects in the drawing. It is necessary to use the appropriate line type and thickness, depending on their purpose. In a sketch, you can use multiple overlapping lines that do not require the type and thickness of the line.

The basic rule for making drawings is the use of various drawing tools or programs on a computer such as: Compass. The execution of the sketch is arbitrary and does not require such skills.

Creation of sketches and drawings

However, drawing creation is not possible without a sketch. He is the beginning of everything. So that a person does not conceive, what idea does not come to mind, for its implementation, sketches are needed, the very sketches, without which no idea makes sense.
The sketch is performed in any technique, various materials can be used. Sketching on paper using a graphical pencil is the most common. Typically a flat image. You can use not only a pencil, but create 3D images using clay or metal wire, giving them different shapes. Such an image is more visual, allows you to accurately fulfill your plans and make fewer mistakes.

It is easier for the designer to work with a volumetric image, since it is easier to create a scale of exactly the size that is needed. For this, programs on a computer are most often used, they are easy to use and allow you to view the finished product in three-dimensional form. Mostly used in large enterprises - fully automated production. In conventional production, where there is no automation, manual labor is used, it is more acceptable to use a simple paper drawing. Sometimes these drawings are more functional and help people use them in their workplaces without computers.

But the most important thing is competent reading of the drawing... A correctly drawn up and drawn drawing helps to accurately recreate the required project. The designer should have all the drawing skills, and not make preliminary sketches. Understand why this or that part is needed in order to avoid gross errors and the correct functioning of the product. Determine the exact size, and draw the part at a given scale. Observe all the rules for drawing, the guarantee of a quality work performed.

In order to manufacture any product or part of a product, it is first necessary to develop its project, that is, a drawing or sketch, which specialists are guided by during their manufacture. Only then will the details be homogeneous, of high quality and corresponding to their technical and other characteristics. In our material, we will tell you how a sketch differs from a drawing and will draw the main distinctive characteristics of these two documents.

What is a sketch?

A sketch is a freehand sketch (drawing) of a detail, object or structure, observing the approximate proportions of the future product. But in order to fully understand how a sketch of a part differs from a drawing, you should delve into the essence of the sketch in more detail. In the sketch, despite the fact that the drawing itself may be approximate, the values \u200b\u200bspecified in it must be clearly defined in order for the parts (products) performing the work on the manufacture, guided by these dimensions and mention of other (also verified) features , were able to make a full-fledged and working part (product), fully suitable in its technical and other characteristics for its further use.

A sketch is also used if you only need to make one part or develop a full-fledged production drawing based on it. If products or parts are planned to be produced on a production scale (in large quantities), for this, a drawing is drawn on the basis of previous developments, studies, modifications (sketches).

What is a blueprint?

A drawing is a fully developed document with a detailed technical and other description of a part (product, structure). In fact, this is the same sketch, but made using special and in accordance with generally accepted drawing rules. The detail in such a document is 100% worked out, all segments and parts in it are carefully checked and applied to the paper in the specified proportions, with a decrease (or increase), based on the rules and ratios of scaling.

An understanding of how a sketch differs from a drawing is laid down in the following. Any part of the unit, as well as the unit or the unit itself, launched into mass production, must have its own working drawing, and not a sketch, which is guided by specialists in the process of its production (manufacturing). Only those assemblies, parts, assemblies that are made in strict accordance with the working drawings developed for production are considered to be of high quality. Any discrepancies with the drawing in dimensions and other features give the right to call such a product substandard (defective).

General in sketch and drawing

So how is a sketch different from a working drawing of a part? First of all, by the most careful study and respect for proportions. But there are clear similarities in these two documents, for example:

Difference in sketch and drawing

From the further section it will become even more clear how the sketch differs from the working drawing. In particular, the main differences between the two documents are as follows:

• Precise execution. Whereas a sketch can be sketched by hand or refined with freehand lines, a drawing is a final document that does not require revision and is made with drawing tools or special computer programs created specifically for drawing.
• If only the conditional proportions of the part are observed in the sketch, then the drawing is a full-fledged view of the part with exact proportions, reduced or enlarged according to all the scaling rules. Some drawings may be 100% scaled to parts.
• In the design. The technical part of the drawing contains much more detailed information about the product.

Outcome

For a final comparison of the sketch and drawing, we decided to create a table in which the main differences between these two drawing documents would be fully traced.

It is done by hand or using a regular ruler, with manual finishing of bends	It is done exclusively with the help of drawing tools or special computer programs
Accuracy lies only in some observance of proportions	Accuracy lies in everything: in proportions, in size, in scale ratio
Only key features and characteristics are being worked out	Contains a detailed visual example with a mention of the smallest features and characteristics
The design of the technical part contains only general information.	The design of the technical part contains detailed and more detailed information about the future product
In some cases, it may be finalized during the manufacturing process, with the introduction of some corrections and comments on their introduction	Always the final document. The values \u200b\u200band other information stipulated therein are not subject to any adjustments. The part (product) must always be made strictly according to the drawing. All errors must be within the framework provided by this drawing.

Conclusion

As any draftsman would say, no matter how a sketch differs from a drawing, without a sketch there would be no drawing as such. Indeed, in order to work out your drawing, draftsmen first have to sketch out a sketch anyway, and then, on its basis, create a full-fledged drawing.

As practice shows, for many experienced turners or architects, who are most often guided by such documents in the manufacture of parts or the construction of various buildings, it does not matter at all how a drawing differs from a sketch. The main thing for them is that all sizes are correctly displayed in the document. Often in repair shops, machine operators themselves, literally on the go, have to create sketches for details. But from this the quality of the products they make does not fall at all. The same can be said for construction professionals.

sketch

sketch

Eskiz sketch is a preliminary sketch that fixes the concept of a work of art, structure, mechanism or a separate part of it. In the design documentation: a sketch is a drawing made by hand on an eye scale.

Wikipedia

sketch

1. Preliminary sketch for drawing, painting. Ott. The initial design of the sculpture (usually on a smaller scale). Ott. A sketch of a literary or musical work.

2. The drawing by which something is created (theatrical costume, scenery, architectural work, etc.). Ott. A technical drawing, made by hand, in compliance with the basic drawing rules and containing all the data necessary for the manufacture of the depicted objects.

The Comprehensive Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

sketch

(fr. esquisse) preliminary sketch.

New Dictionary of Foreign Words

sketch

m.

Efremova's New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

sketch

husband. initial, light sketch of the picture being composed, sketch, salary. Sketch sketch.

Dahl's Dictionary

sketch

[fr. esquisse] preliminary sketch.

Dictionary of Foreign Expressions

sketch

preliminary, unfinished drawing, sketch Exhibition of sketches. E. to the picture. E. Sets, costumes (drawing, according to which the scenery, costumes will be made). E. Bridge construction.

Dictionary of the Russian language Ozhegov

sketch

(French esquisse), a preliminary sketch that fixes the concept of a work of art, structure, mechanism, or a separate part of it.

Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB

sketch

sketch M.
1) a) Preliminary sketch for a drawing, painting. b) The initial design of the sculptural work (usually on a reduced scale). c) A sketch of a literary or musical work.
2) a) The drawing from which smth. (theatrical costume, decoration, architectural work, etc.). b) A technical drawing, made by hand, in compliance with the basic drawing rules and containing all the data necessary for the manufacture of the depicted objects.

Efremova's explanatory dictionary

sketch

sketch, m. (fr. esquisse). Preliminary, cursory Sketch (painting, drawing; pictorial). Exhibition of sketches. In the middle of a canvas lined with charcoal and chalk ... a sketch of a woman's head would have caught the attention of a connoisseur. Gogol. || Sketch, plan, preliminary edition of some n. presentation, text (book). Sketch of the story. Sketch of the report.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Ushakov

sketch

(French esquisse), a preliminary sketch, fixing the concept of a work of art or a separate part of it. In E., the compositional structure of spaces, plans, and basic color ratios of the future work are outlined. E. are graphic, painting, sculptural; they usually feature a free, fluent manner of performance, but can be worked out in detail. In the work of major artists, artisans are of artistic value and can have not only preparatory but also independent character.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB

sketch

esk andbehind

Complete spelling dictionary of the Russian language

sketch

a preliminary sketch for a drawing, a painting, a drawing from which a theatrical costume, decoration, architectural work, etc. is created.technical drawing, made by hand in compliance with the basic drawing rules and containing all the data necessary for the manufacture of the depicted products

Wiktionary

Examples of using the word sketch in the text

this sketch or sketch is often much more alive than the finished canvas (for example, "The Appearance of Christ to the People" by Ivanov and sketches for him; especially Ivanov's compositional sketches for other unrealized paintings).

Under the guidance of teachers, drawing from plaster cast and copying other people's canvases, Perov independently wrote sketches of genre paintings, and in 1860 offered the Academy Council a sketch of the Rural Passage at Easter for the competition for the Great Gold Medal (the School did not have the right to award awards, only the Academy had this right) ...

In a matter of minutes, real life events first turned into a blank sheet, then it all became a sketch, and the sketch grew into a painting.

At one of the exams, his sketch of Esther before Artaxerxes caused a whole sensation, as he was peculiar among the stereotyped student sketches.

“We ought to make a sketch,” he thought, “take a napkin and sketch it, but there is only a black marker in my pocket, but it’s better to make a sketch right away in color, it’s pointless to draw a contour, the color is important here, not the shape…”

It would be necessary to make a sketch, - he thought, - take a napkin and sketch, but there is only a black marker in the pocket, but it is better to make a sketch right away in color, it is pointless to draw a contour, the color is important here, not the shape ... "

In order to correctly draw a small sketch on an enlarged scale, it would be necessary, following the usual method, to draw a grid both the sketch and the surface to which it was to be transferred.

Sinopia is the term that artists use when they apply a sketch of a fresco directly on a dry wall, under an intonaco, with a top layer of plaster - just a sketch, which will then show through when the plaster is pierced with a steel needle.

I pinned a fresh sheet of Whatman paper to the drawing board, my fingers trembled a little - I was so eager to start the sketch.

For a lousy picture - a "sketch", which she herself approved in the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning.

Quotes with word sketch

The picture develops before my eyes, revealing itself as a surprise in progress. This is what gives me a sense of complete freedom, and for this reason I am not able to form a plan or sketch in advance.