2. Artist-storyteller

Almost every Russian person knows Bilibin's illustrations from the books of fairy tales that they read to him at night in childhood. Meanwhile, these illustrations are more than a hundred years old. From 1899 to 1902 Ivan Bilibin created a series of six "Fairy Tales" published by the Expedition of Procurement of State Papers. After that, Pushkin's tales about Tsar Saltan and the Golden Cockerel and a slightly less famous epic "Volga" with illustrations by Bilibin were published in the same publishing house.

It is interesting that the famous illustration for "The Tale of Tsar Saltan ..." with a barrel floating on the sea resembles the famous "Big Wave" by Japanese artist Katsushiki Hokusai. The process of making a graphic drawing by I. Ya. Bilibin was similar to the work of an engraver. At first, he sketched a sketch on paper, clarified the composition in all details on tracing paper, and then translated it into whatman paper. After that, using a kolinsky brush with a cut off end, likening it to a cutter, I traced a clear wire contour with ink over the pencil drawing.

Bilibin's books are like painted boxes. It was this artist who first saw a children's book as an integral artistically designed organism. His books are similar to old manuscripts, because the artist thinks over not only drawings, but also all decorative elements: fonts, ornaments, decorations, initials and everything else.

Few people know that Bilibin even worked in advertising. The place where the Polyustrovo mineral water plant is located in St. Petersburg used to be the Joint Stock Company of the New Bavaria Beer and Honey Factory. It was for this plant that Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin created advertising posters and pictures. In addition, the artist created posters, addresses, sketches postage stamps (in particular, a series for the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanovs) and about 30 postcards for the Community of St. Eugenia.Bilibin later drew postcards for Russian publishing houses in Paris and Berlin.

4. Double-headed eagle

The same two-headed eagle, which is now used on the coins of the Bank of Russia, belongs to the brush of the heraldry expert Bilibin. The artist painted it after the February Revolution as the coat of arms for the Provisional Government. The bird looks fabulous, not ominous, because it was painted by a famous illustrator of Russian epics and fairy tales. The two-headed eagle is depicted without royal regalia and with lowered wings; the inscription “Russian Provisional Government” and the characteristic “forest” Bilibino ornament are made around the circle. Bilibin transferred the copyright to the coat of arms and some other graphic designs to the Goznak factory.

5. Theater artist

Bilibin's first experience in scenography was the design of Rimsky-Korsakov's "The Snow Maiden" for the National Theater in Prague. His next works - sketches of costumes and scenery for the operas "The Golden Cockerel", "Sadko", "Ruslan and Lyudmila", "Boris Godunov" and others. And after emigrating to Paris in 1925, Bilibin continues to work with theaters: he prepares brilliant scenery for the performances of Russian operas, decorates Stravinsky's ballet The Firebird in Buenos Aires and operas in Brno and Prague. Bilibin made extensive use of old engraving, popular prints, and folk art. Bilibin was a true connoisseur of ancient costumes of different peoples, he was interested in embroidery, braid, weaving techniques, ornamentation and everything that created the national flavor of the people.

6. The artist and the church

Bilibin also has works related to church painting. In it, he remains himself, retains his individual style. After leaving St. Petersburg, Bilibin lived for some time in Cairo and actively participated in the design of the Russian house church in the premises of the clinic, arranged by Russian doctors. The iconostasis of this temple was built according to his project. And after 1925, when the artist moved to Paris, he became a founding member of the "Icon" society. As an illustrator, he created the charter cover and print sketch for the society. There is also a trace of him in Prague - he made sketches of frescoes and an iconostasis for a Russian church at the Olshansk cemetery in the Czech capital.

7 homecoming and death

Over time, Bilibin came to terms with the Soviet regime. He formalized the Soviet embassy in Paris, and then, in 1936, returned by boat to his native Leningrad. Teaching is added to his professions: he teaches at the All-Russian Academy of Arts - the oldest and largest art educational institution in Russia. In September 1941, at the age of 66, the artist refused the proposal of the People's Commissar of Education to evacuate from besieged Leningrad to the deep rear. “They do not flee from the besieged fortress, they defend it,” he wrote in reply. Under fascist shelling and bombing, the artist creates patriotic postcards for the front, writes articles and appeals to the heroic defenders of Leningrad. Bilibin died of hunger in the very first blockade winter and was buried in the mass grave of professors of the Academy of Arts near the Smolensk cemetery.

1.3 Famous illustrators

Illustration is not just an addition to the text, but a work of art of its time. Children's book illustrations serve many purposes. She embodies fantasies, revives memories, helps to participate in adventures, develops the mind, heart and soul of the child. A great responsibility in this noble cause falls on the shoulders of the illustrator. I would like to recall the famous Russian and foreign illustrators who have made a significant contribution to the art of children's book illustration.

The illustrator of the Russian fairy tale was the remarkable artist Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin (1876-1942). He gained fame as one of the most original and original graphic artists, the creator of a special type of illustrated book. This is a large-format thin notebook with large color drawings. The artist here was not only the author of the drawings, but also of all the decorative elements of the book - the cover, initials, a special type of font and ornamental decorations. In 1901-1903 Bilibin created illustrations for the fairy tales "The Frog Princess", "Vasilisa the Beautiful", "Marya Morevna", "The White Duck" and others. His works for the fairy tales of Alexander Pushkin "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" , "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel", "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish". One of the features of Bilibin's illustrations is humor and that merciless and sharp irony that is so characteristic of Russian folk tales. Bilibin enthusiastically works on sketches for the first production of Rimsky-Korsakov's The Golden Cockerel. Fairy tale characters - good and evil, beautiful and ugly - have worried us from childhood, taught us to love goodness and beauty, hate evil, cowardice, and injustice.

Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (1848-1926) is one of the first Russian artists who pushed the boundaries of familiar genres and showed a fairy-tale world illuminated by the poetic fantasy of the people. Vasnetsov, one of the first Russian artists, turned to the recreation of images of folk tales and epics in painting. His fate turned out as if he was supposed to be a singer of a Russian fairy tale in advance. He spent his childhood in the harsh picturesque Vyatka region. The talkative cook telling children fairy tales, the stories of wandering people who have seen a lot in their lifetime, according to the artist himself, "made me love the past and present of my people for my whole life, largely determined my path." Already at the beginning of his career, he created a number of illustrations for the Little Humpbacked Horse and "The Firebird". In addition to fairy tales, he has works dedicated to the heroic images of epics. "A Knight at the Crossroads", "Three Heroes". The famous painting "Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf" was written on the plot of one of the most famous and widespread fairy tales, reproduced in the 18th century popular prints.

Yuri Alekseevich Vasnetsov (1900-1973) - illustrated and designed Russian folk tales, songs, nursery rhymes, as well as books by famous children's authors: V. Bianki, K. Chukovsky, S. Marshak and others. He is rightfully called the artist of the Russian fairy tale. "Three Bears", "Humpbacked Horse", "Teremok" and many others. Fantastic, fabulous landscapes are based on impressions of real Russian nature. The artist's birds and animals acquire the habits that he noticed in reality. In addition to domestic masters, there are wonderful foreign artists who have created many amazing and beautiful illustrations of fairy tales.

Moritz von Schwyz (1804-1871) is a famous German painter and illustrator. He created the so-called "monumental illustrations" based on fairy tales. These are large canvases of art that can be seen in the halls of Munich's Old Pinakothek. Eleven watercolors by Schwyz are widely known, these are the cycles "Cinderella", "Seven Ravens and a Faithful Sister", "Beautiful Melusina". He created the famous, repeatedly reproduced graphic sheets for the fairy tales "Seven Swabs", "Puss in Boots", for the collection "Old and New Children's Songs, Riddles and Fables", "Fables" by La Fontaine. His illustrations for the fairy tale "Juniper", the legend of Ryubetsal and the good-natured patriarchal "History of the Beautiful Mermaid" by E. Mörike are unusually emotionally expressive.

The graphic style of the famous French artist and sculptor Gustave Dore (1833-1883), combining the lightness of a stroke with a tense line, the ability to enrich the essence of an illustrated work with countless original finds, found an enthusiastic response from the French public. Dore is one of the most famous and prolific illustrators of the second half of the 19th century. Book illustrations for literary works brought him true fame: "Illustrated Rabelais" (1854), "Don Quixote" by Cervantes (1862), "Divine Comedy" by Dante (1861-1868), as well as illustrations for Balzac, Milton. Dore's illustrations to Charles Perrault's fairy tales are considered classic.

Jon Bauer (1882-1917) is best known for his illustrations for the book "Among the Dwarfs and Trolls" (Swedish: "Bland tomtar och troll"), published annually in Sweden at Christmas. It was he who created the tradition in the depiction of the fairy forest and the magical characters inhabiting it. Bauer specialized in illustrations for Scandinavian legends.

A whole gallery of fabulous images of humanized animals was created by Granville (his real name is Gerard Jean-Iñas Isidore) (1803-1847) - French artist, graphic artist, cartoonist and illustrator. He had a great influence on the formation of the style of children's picture books. Illustrated the fables of La Fontaine (1837), The Adventures of Gulliver by J. Swift (1839-1843).

At the turn of the century, new talented authors emerged in Britain. At the beginning of the twentieth century, some of the best books by F.Kh. Burnett, E. Nesbit and R. Kipling. The eminent poet and prose writer Joseph Rudyard Kipling stood out in the English literature of this period. He is a combination of a deeply conservative worldview and flamboyant original talent. Good humor and rich imagination prevail in his fairy tales for children. For some fairy tales, Kipling did illustrations as an artist.

Keith Greenway (1846-1901) is an English artist famous for her illustrations of books for children, including fairy tales. Greenway's first book, Under the Window, was a great success. One of the artist's most famous works are illustrations for "The Tales of Mother Goose" and the legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin.

Disney, Ionaitis, Kittelsen, Tuvi Janson (she illustrated her own fairy tales about the Mummi Trolls), O. Balovintseva, who gained wide popularity thanks to her wonderful illustrations for Arabic fairy tales, left a significant mark in the history of children's illustration.

Chapter II. Computer graphics in book illustration

He wrote to Goethe. These problems are only indirectly related to our work. However, some connection can be traced here as well. The purpose of our work is to automate and approbate psychodiagnostic techniques in vocational guidance work with older students. Literally translated, the word ecology means the science that studies the house, dwelling. In other words, a certain habitat. In our case, considering ...

Class 9 A was chosen as the experimental site. There are 29 people in this class: 17 boys and 12 girls. The purpose of the experiment: revealing the psychological and pedagogical conditions of professional self-determination of students in the process of teaching biology; as well as the formation of a stable positive motivation to study the course of biology and the development of professional self-determination of students when studying the course "General ...

What's the use of a book, thought Alice

- if there are no pictures or conversations in it?

"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"

Surprisingly, the children's illustration of Russia (USSR) has an exact year of birth - 1925. This year, a children's literature department was created at the Leningrad State Publishing House (GIZ). Before that, books with illustrations especially for children were not published. Many artists painted pictures based on oral folk art: epics, fairy tales, songs.

Learn, remember, tell the children.

Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov

(1848-1926) –

one of the first Russian artists who

pushed the boundaries of familiar genres and showed

a fairy-tale world illuminated by poetic fantasy

people.

Vasnetsov one of the first Russian artists

turned to recreating the images of folk tales

and epics in painting.

He spent his childhood in the harsh picturesque Vyatka region. The talkative cook telling children fairy tales, the narratives of wandering people who have seen a lot in their lifetime, according to the artist himself, "made me love the past and present of my people for the rest of my life, largely determined my path." Already at the beginning of his career, he created a number of illustrations for the Little Humpbacked Horse and "The Firebird". In addition to fairy tales, he has works dedicated to the heroic images of epics. "A Knight at the Crossroads", "Three Heroes". The famous painting "Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf" was written on the plot of one of the most famous and widespread fairy tales, reproduced in the 18th century popular prints.

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin

(1876-1942, Leningrad)

Russian artist, book illustrator and theater

ral decorator. Bilibin illustrated

a large number of fairy tales, including A.S.

Pushkin. Developed his own style - "Bilibinsky"

Graphic presentation with tradition

ancient Russian and folk art, carefully

traced and detailed patterned contour-

drawing, colored with watercolors. Style

Bilibin's style became popular and became

imitate.

Fairy tales, epics, images of ancient Russia for many have long been inextricably linked with illustrations by Bilibin.

Vladimir Alekseevich Milashevsky

(1893, Saratov - 1976, Moscow)

Has illustrated and artistically designed about 100 books for children and youth. But Milashevsky never belonged to the so-called "children's" artists. With the same success he illustrated the works of the classics of world literature and Soviet writers. It is difficult to list everything he worked on - his creative range is extremely wide.

What is the secret of his success with children and youth? As a matter of fact, there is no secret. He just always followed the rule:for children, you need to do everything as well as for adults, and even better. He never adjusted to children, did not "lisp", did not imitate children's drawings, did not try to speak with them in some special, allegedly understandable "childish" language. Illustrating a children's book, whatever it may be, he put all of himself into his drawings, was really fond of it and captivated little readers. And this is probably why both children and youth are so fond of the books they illustrated.

Fabulous multicolor of Vladimir Milashevsky

Vladimir Grigorievich Suteev

(1903-1993, Moscow)

Children's writer, illustrator and animation director. His kind, funny pictures look like cartoon footage. Suteev's drawings were turned into masterpieces of many fairy tales.

For example, not all parents consider the works of Korney Chukovsky to be necessary classics, and most of them do not consider his works to be talented. But Chukovsky's fairy tales, illustrated by Vladimir Suteev, I want to hold in my hands and read to children.

Boris Alexandrovich Dekhterev

(1908-1993, Kaluga, Moscow) –

People's artist, Soviet graphic artist, illustrator. He worked mainly in the technique of pencil drawing and watercolors. The good old illustrations of Dekhterev are a whole era in the history of children's illustration, many illustrators call Boris Alexandrovich their teacher.

Dekhterev illustrated children's fairy tales by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Vasily Zhukovsky, Charles Perrault, Hans Christian Andersen. And also the works of other Russian writers and world classics, for example, Mikhail Lermontov, Ivan Turgenev, William Shakespeare.

Nikolay Alexandrovich Ustinov

(Born 1937, Moscow)

dekhterev was his teacher, and many modern illustrators already consider Ustinov their teacher.

Fairy tales with his illustrations were published not only in Russia (USSR), but also in Japan, Germany, Korea and other countries. Almost three hundred works were illustrated by the famous artist for the children's publishing houses of the USSR, he worked for the magazine "Murzilka". The most beloved for children are illustrations of Ustinov for Russian folk tales "Three Bears", "Masha and the Bear", "Fox Sister", "Frog Princess", "Geese-Swans" and many others.

Yuri Alekseevich Vasnetsov

(1900-1973, Vyatka, Leningrad) -

People's artist and illustrator. Him

Pictures to folk songs, funny

all kids like cam and jokes

(Okay, Rainbow-arc). He illustrated

folk tales, tales of Leo Tolstoy,

Petra Ershova, Samuil Marshak, Vitaly

Bianchi and other classics of Russian literature.

“I really love to remember my childhood. When I write, draw, I live everything that I remember and saw in my childhood, ”said Yuri Alekseevich Vasnetsov.

When buying children's books with illustrations by Yuri Vasnetsov, pay attention that the drawings are clear and moderately bright. Using the name of a famous artist, recently, books have often been published with fuzzy scans of drawings or with increased unnatural brightness and contrast, and this is not very good for children's eyes.

Publications of the section Museums

Pictures from childhood

Guides into the world of children's literature, thanks to which the lines, still incomprehensible to the little reader, acquire bright and magical images. Illustrators of children's books, choosing this path, as a rule, remain faithful to it throughout their creative life. And their readers, growing up, remain attached to pictures from the farther and farther away childhood. Natalia Letnikova remembered the work of outstanding Russian illustrators.

Ivan Bilibin

Ivan Bilibin. "Firebird". Illustration for "The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf". 1899 g.

Boris Kustodiev. Portrait of Ivan Bilibin. 1901. Private collection

Ivan Bilibin. "Dead Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf." Illustration for "The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf". 1899 g.

Theatrical designer, teacher of the Academy of Arts, Bilibin created a unique author's style, which was later called "Bilibino". The artist's works were distinguished by the abundance of ornaments and patterns, the fabulousness of the images while closely following the historical appearance of the Russian costume and household items. Bilibin painted his first illustration back in 1899 for "The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf." For forty years, the artist turned to Russian folk tales and epics. His drawings lived on the pages of children's books, and on theatrical venues in St. Petersburg, Prague, Paris.

Boris Dekhterev

Boris Dekhterev. Illustration for the work "Puss in Boots". 1949 Photo: kids-pix.blogspot.ru

Boris Dekhterev. The year is unknown. Photo: artpanorama.su

Boris Dekhterev. Illustration for the work "Little Red Riding Hood". 1949 Photo: fairyroom.ru

Cinderella and Little Red Riding Hood, Puss in Boots and Boy with Thumb, the heroes of Alexander Pushkin's fairy tales, received water color portraits from Boris Dekhterev's light brush. The renowned illustrator created the "austere and noble look of a children's book." Thirty years of his creative life, Professor of the Moscow State Art Institute named after Surikov devoted not only to teaching students: Boris Dekhterev was the chief artist at the publishing house "Children's Literature" and opened the door to the world of fairy tales for many generations of young readers.

Vladimir Suteev

Vladimir Suteev. Illustration for the work "Who Said Meow". 1962 Photo: wordpress.com

Vladimir Suteev. The year is unknown. Photo: subscribe.ru

Vladimir Suteev. Illustration for the work "A Sack of Apples". 1974 Photo: llibre.ru

Illustrations that look like frames from cartoons frozen on the pages of books were created by Vladimir Suteev, one of the first Soviet animation directors. Suteev came up with not only picturesque images for the classics - the tales of Korney Chukovsky, Samuil Marshak, Sergei Mikhalkov - but also his own stories. While working in a children's publishing house, Suteev wrote about forty instructive and witty fairy tales: “Who said meow?”, “A bag of apples”, “The magic wand”. These were books beloved by many generations of kids, in which, as one would like in childhood, there were more pictures than text.

Victor Chizhikov

Victor Chizhikov. Illustration for the work "Doctor Aibolit". 1976 Photo: fairyroom.ru

Victor Chizhikov. The year is unknown. Photo: dic.academic.ru

Victor Chizhikov. Illustration for the work "The Adventures of Chippolino". 1982 Photo: planetaskazok.ru

Only a master of creating touching images for children's books could move the whole stadium to tears. This is what happened with Viktor Chizhikov, who drew an Olympic bear in 1980, and also was the author of illustrations for hundreds of children's books: Viktor Dragunsky, Mikhail Plyatskovsky, Boris Zakhoder, Hans Christian Andersen, Nikolai Nosov, Eduard Uspensky. For the first time in the history of Russian children's literature, collections of books with illustrations by the artist, including the twenty-volume "Visiting V. Chizhikov", were published. "It has always been happiness for me to draw a children's book", - said the artist himself.

Evgeny Charushin

Evgeny Charushin. Illustrations for the work "Volchishko". 1931 Photo: weebly.com

Evgeny Charushin. 1936 Photo: lib.ru

Evgeny Charushin. Illustrations for the work "Children in a Cage". 1935 Photo: wordpress.com

Charushin read books about animals since childhood, and his favorite was "The Life of Animals" by Alfred Brem. The future artist re-read it many times, and at an older age he went to a stuffed workshop next to his house to draw from life. This is how the animal painter was born, who, after graduating from the Academy of Arts, devoted his work to the design of children's stories about animals. Charushin's outstanding illustrations for Vitaly Bianchi's book were even acquired by the Tretyakov Gallery. And while working with Samuel Marshak on the book "Children in a Cage", at the insistence of the writer, Charushin tried to write. This is how his stories "Tomka", "Volchishko" and others appeared.

Ivan Semyonov

Ivan Semyonov. Illustrations for the work "Dreamers". 1960 Photo: planetaskazok.ru

Ivan Semyonov. The year is unknown. Photo: colory.ru

Ivan Semyonov. Illustration for the work "Living Hat". 1962 Photo: planetaskazok.ru

The creator of the famous Pencil and the entire children's magazine Veselye Kartinki began with cartoons. For the sake of his beloved work, he had to leave the Medical Institute, since there was simply no time to draw because of his studies. The artist's first childish recognition was brought by illustrations for the funny stories of Nikolai Nosov "Fantasies" and "Living Hat", and the circulation of the book "Bobik Visiting Barbos" with illustrations by Semenov exceeded three million copies. In 1962, Ivan Semyonov, together with Agnia Barto, traveled with an exhibition of Soviet children's books throughout England. By that time, the artist was the head of the editorial board at Veselyiye Kartinki and knew literally everything about children's literature and the life of Soviet children.

Many people do not at all understand why illustrations are needed if the book is not intended for a child. By the way, book illustration is not just a thematic drawing, but an integral part of the work, which complements the text and makes it a little more accessible to the reader. Of course, modern illustrations are fundamentally different from classical book engravings, however, among them one can find not just worthy works, but real masterpieces. In addition, at one time the creation of illustrations was carried out by great painters, for whom writing canvases with a literary basis was akin to an experiment.

Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin was one of the first Russian painters who began to create illustrations for Russian folk tales and epics. The first book with his illustrations was published when the young artist was 25 years old. As a rule, Bilibin worked on books that have a small volume, or the so-called "notebooks". A characteristic feature of the artist was the style of design, according to which both the text and illustrations were a single whole. Therefore, in the books designed by Bilibin, drawings were given exactly as much space as the text. All illustrations by Bilibin, which were of a fabulous festive character with features of folk art, were created using a unique technology. The artist first made a drawing with a pencil on tracing paper, translated it onto a sheet of Whatman paper and, using a thin brush, traced the image with a black line, after which he proceeded to paint. Among the most famous works of Bilibin are illustrations for the fairy tales "Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka", "Vasilisa the Beautiful", "Finist-Clear Falcon", "The Frog Princess", as well as to the works of A.S. Pushkin "Lukomorye", "The Tale of Tsar Saltan ... "and" The Tale of the Golden Cockerel. "

Another outstanding artist and also a talented illustrator was Yuri Alekseevich Vasnetsov, the creator of a whole gallery of images for children's books. Vasnetsov spent all his childhood and youth in the city of Vyatka, which became his inspiration and prompted the creation of a number of illustrations reflecting the everyday and festive life of a small provincial town. Vasnetsov's style is very recognizable: it always contains bright colors, ornate patterns, backgrounds and images containing pink, blue, yellow and red colors. Color plays a key role in Vasnetsov's illustrations. Another characteristic feature of Yu.A. Vasnetsov is that the artist creates an amazing fairy-tale world - the world of childhood, where there is no cruelty and where good always triumphs over evil. His most famous works are illustrations for children's books "The Fox and the Hare", "The Three Bears", "The Wolf and the Kids", "Ruffs Babies", "Fifty Little Pigs" and so on.

Book illustrations by Russian artists are unique in their kind, truly beautiful, bright, kind and very sincere. They are distinguished by rich color, interesting images and ease of perception. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Russian people are considered the most read nation in the world.