Matryona's children matryonin dvor. The image and characteristics of Thaddeus in the story of Solzhenitsyn's Matryonin yard composition

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 1

1. The story "Matryonin Dvor":

B) based on fiction;

C) based on eyewitness accounts, contains elements of fiction.

2. The narration in the story is:

A) in the first person;

B) from a third party;

C) two storytellers.

3. Exposure function in story:

A) acquaint the reader with the main characters;

B) intrigue the reader with a secret explaining the slow movement of a train along a section of a railway track;

C) familiarize with the scene and indicate the involvement of the narrator in what happened

events.

4. The narrator settled in Talnovo, hoping to find patriarchal Russia:

A) and was upset to see that the inhabitants were unfriendly towards each other;

B) and did not regret anything, because he learned the folk wisdom and sincerity of the inhabitants of Talnovo;

C) and stayed to live there forever.

5. The narrator, paying attention to the description of everyday life, talking about an elderly cat, a goat, about mice and cockroaches, freely living in Matryona's house:

A) did not approve of the mistress's carelessness, although he did not tell her about it, so as not to offend;

B) stressed that Matryona's kind heart felt sorry for all living things, and she sheltered those in the house

who needed her compassion;

C) showed the details of the village life.

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 2

1. Unlike the detailed description of Thaddeus, Matryona's portrait is stingy in details:

"The round face of Matryona, tied with an old, faded handkerchief, looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp ..." This allows:

B) indicate her belonging to the village inhabitants;

C) see a deep subtext in the description of Matryona: her essence is revealed not by a portrait, but by how she lives and communicates with people.

2. The technique of placing images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses at the end of the story ( ) is called:

3. What the author says: “But it must have come to our ancestors from the Stone Age itself, because, once melted into the dark, it keeps warm fodder and swill for livestock, food and water for humans all day long. And it's warm to sleep. "

5. How does the fate of the storyteller of the story "Matrenin's Dvor" resemble the fate of the author A. Solzhenitsyn?

5. When was the story "Matryonin's yard" written?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 3

1. Matryona told the narrator Ignatich the story of her bitter life:

A) since she had no one to talk to;

B) because he too had to go through difficult times, and he learned to understand and compassion;

C) because she wanted to be pitied.

2. A short acquaintance with Matryona allowed the author to understand her character. He was:

A) kind, delicate, responsive;

B) closed, not talkative;

C) cunning, mercantile.

3. Why it was hard for Matryona to give up the room during her lifetime?

4. What did the storyteller want to work in the village?

5. Indicate on whose behalf the story is told in Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin Dvor"

C) objective storytelling

D) an outside observer

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 4

A) went to get holy water at Epiphany;

B) burst into tears when she heard Glinka's romances on the radio, taking this music with her heart;

C) agreed to scrap the upper room.

2. The main theme of the story:

A) revenge of Thaddeus Matryona;

B) the alienation of Matryona, who lived in isolation and lonely;

C) the destruction of Matryona's yard as a shelter for kindness, love and forgiveness.

3. Waking up one night in the smoke that rushed to save Matryona?

4. Sister-in-law, after Matryona's death, said about her: "... stupid, helped strangers for free." And were people for Matryona strangers? What is the name of this feeling, on which Russia is still held, according to Solzhenitsyn?

5. Indicate the second title of Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin Dvor"

A) "The incident at the station Krechetovka"

B) "Fire"

C) "The village is not worth it without the righteous"

D) "business as usual"

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 5

A) highlight the hero's solidity, worthiness, strength.

B) show the resilience of the once "resinous hero" who did not squander his kindness and generosity;

C) to more clearly reveal the anger, hatred, greed of the hero.

2. The narrator is:

A) an artistically generalized character showing a complete picture of events;

B) the protagonist of the story, with his own life story, self-characterization and speech;

C) neutral storyteller.

3. Than Matryona fed her tenant?

4. Continue.“But Matryona was by no means fearless. She was afraid of fire, afraid of the thunderbolt, and most of all for some reason ... "

a) "Selo Torfoprodukt"

b) "A village is not worth a righteous man"

c) "Fashionless Matryona"

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 6

1. Depicting the cry of relatives for the deceased Matryona,

A) shows the closeness of the heroes to the Russian national epic;

B) shows the tragedy of events;

C) reveals the essence of the heroine's sisters, who, in tears, argue over Matryona's inheritance.

2. A tragic omen of events can be considered:

A) the loss of a bum-legged cat;

B) loss of home and everything connected with it;

C) discord in relations with sisters.

3. Matrona's clock was 27 years old and they were in a hurry all the time, why didn't the mistress bother?

4. Who is Kira?

5. What is the tragedy of the ending? What does the author want to tell us? What worries him?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 7

1. Solzhenitsyn calls Matryona a righteous woman, without whom the village does not stand, according to the proverb. He came to this conclusion:

A) since Matryona always spoke the right words, they listened to her opinion;

B) because Matryona observed Christian customs;

C) when the image of Matryona became clear to him, close, like her life without a race for good, for clothes.

2. What words does the story "Matryonin's yard" begin with?

3. What connects the story "Matryonin's yard" and?

4. What was the original title of the story "Matryonin's yard"?

5. What was hanging "on the wall for beauty" in Matryona's house?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 8

1. Matryona cooked food in three iron pots. In one - to myself, in the other - to Ignatic, and in the third - ...?

3. What sure means did Matryona have to regain her good spirits?

4. What event or omen happened to Matryona at Baptism?

5. What is Matryona's full name? .

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 9

1. What part of the house did Matryona bequeathed to her pupil Kira?

2. What historical period is the story about?

a) after the revolution

b) after World War II

3. What music heard on the radio did Matryona like?

4. What weather did Matryona call duEl?

five. " From the red frosty sun, the frozen window of the canopy, now shortened, turned a little pink, and this reflection warmed Matryona's face. Those people always have good faces who …. " Continue.

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 10

1. What was Thaddeus thinking as he stood at the graves of his son and the woman he once loved?

2. What is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe story?

a) the image of the severity of life of the peasantry of collective farm villages

b) the tragic fate of a village woman

c) loss of spiritual and moral foundations by society

d) display of the type of eccentric in Russian society

3. Continue: “Misunderstood and abandoned even by her husband, buried six children, but her disposition is outgoing, alien to her sisters, sister-in-law, funny, foolishly working for others for free, - she did not save up property to death. Dirty white goat, bumpy cat, ficuses ...
We all lived next to her and did not understand that she is the same ... "

4.

5. What artistic details help the author to create the image of the main character?

a) a bumpy cat

b) potato soup

c) a large Russian stove

d) a silent, but lively crowd of ficuses

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 11

1. What is the meaning of the namestory?

a) the story is named after the scene

b) Matrenin's yard is a symbol of a special arrangement of life, a special world

c) a symbol of the destruction of the world of spirituality, kindness and mercy in the Russian village

2. What is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthis story? What does Solzhenitsyn put into the image of the old woman Matryona?

3. What is the feature of the image systemstory?

a) built on the principle of pairing of characters

b) the heroes surrounding Matryona are selfish, callous, they used the kindness of the main character

c) emphasizes the loneliness of the main character

d) is designed to highlight the character of the main character

4. Write what was the fate of Matryona.

5. How did Matryona live? Was she happy in life?

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 12

1. Why didn't Matryona have children?

2. What was Thaddeus worried about after the death of his son and former beloved woman?

3. What Matryona bequeathed?

4. How can you characterize the image of the main character?

a) a naive, funny and stupid woman who has worked for others for free all her life

b) ridiculous, poor, wretched, abandoned old woman

c) a righteous woman who has not sinned in any way against the laws of morality

a) in artistic details

b) in a portrait

c) the nature of the description of the event underlying the story

e) internal monologues of the heroine

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 13

1. To which type of traditional thematic classification does this story belong?

1) Rural 2) military prose 3) intellectual prose 4) urban prose

2. What type of literary heroes can Matryona belong to?

1) superfluous person, 2) small person, 3) premature person 4) righteous person

3. The story "Matryonin Dvor" is written in the traditions:

4. The episode of the destruction of the house is:

1) tie 2) exposure 3) culmination 4) denouement

5. Traditions of what ancient genre can be found in the story "Matryonin's yard"?

1) parables 2) epics 3) epics 4) lives

Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"

Option 14

1. What is the original title of the story?

1) "Life is not a lie" 2) "A village is not worth it without a righteous man" 3) "Be kind!" 4) "Death of Matryona"

2. The specific subject of the story, designated by the pronoun "I" and the first person of the verb, the character of the work, the mediator between the image of the author and the reader is called:

3. Words found in the story "Unsettled", "To ugly", "room"are called:

1) professional 2) dialectal 3) words with figurative meaning

4. Name the technique that the author uses when portraying the characters of Matryona and Thaddeus:

1) antithesis 2) mirror composition 3) juxtaposition

5. The technique of placing images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses in the end of the story ( village - city - all our land) is called:

1) hyperbole 2) gradation 3) antithesis 4) comparison

Answers:

Option 1

1 - a

3 - in

4 - a

5 B

Option 2

2- gradation

3 - About the Russian stove.

Option 3

3. “I didn’t feel sorry for the room itself, which was idle, no matter how much Matryona ever spared neither work nor her good. And this room was still bequeathed to Kira. But it was terrible for her to start breaking the roof under which she lived for forty years.

4.the teacher

Option 4

3. She began to throw ficuses on the floor so as not to suffocate from the smoke.

4. The righteous

Option 5

1. in

2. 2.

3. "Unhulled carto", "cardboard soup" or barley porridge.

4. Trains.

5. b

Option 6

3. If only they did not lag behind, so as not to be late in the morning.

4. Pupil

5. Matryona perishes - Matryona's court perishes - Matryona's world is a special world of the righteous. The world of spirituality, kindness, mercy, which was also written about. No one even thinks that with the departure of Matryona something valuable and important is passing away. Righteous womanMatryona is the writer's moral ideal, on which the life of society should be based. All Matryona's actions and thoughts were sanctified with a special holiness, not always clear to those around her. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryons in Russia, and without them “ do not stand in the village". The final words of the story return to the original title - “ A village is not worth it without a righteous man»And fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalizing, philosophical meaning. Village- a symbol of moral life, national roots of a person, a village - all of Russia.

Option 7

1. IN

2. "At one hundred and eighty-fourth kilometers from Moscow along the branch that goes to Murom and Kazan, for a good six months after that, all the trains slowed down, as it were, to the touch."

3. It was he who gave him such a name.

4. A village is not worth it without a righteous man.

5. Ruble posters about the book trade and the harvest.

Option 8

1. Goat.

2. About electricity.

3. Job.

4. The pot of holy water was gone.

5. Grigorieva Matryona Vasilievna.

Option 9

1. Upper room.

2. d) 1956

2. Glinka's romances.

3. Snowstorm.

4. "In harmony with his conscience."

Option 10

1. "His high forehead was overshadowed by a heavy thought, but this thought was to save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryonov sisters."

2. in)

3. "... a righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village is not worth it."

4. What is Matryona's strength and weakness? What did Ignatic understand for himself?

5. e) "radiant", "kind", "apologetic" smile

Option 11

1. in

2. moral ideal of the writer, on which the life of society should be based. All Matryona's actions and thoughts were sanctified with a special holiness, not always clear to those around her. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryons in Russia, and without them “ do not stand in the village»

Option 12

1. Died

2. save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryonov sisters. "

3. True meaning of life, humble

4. IN

Article menu:

You, perhaps, more than once met such people who are ready to work with all their might for the benefit of others, but at the same time remain outcasts in society. No, they are not degraded either morally or mentally, but no matter how good their actions are, they are not appreciated. A. Solzhenitsyn tells us about one such character in his story "Matrenin's Dvor".

It's about the main character of the story. The reader will meet Matryona Vasilyevna Grigoreva at an advanced age - she was about 60 years old when we first see her on the pages of the story.

Audio version of the article.

Her house and courtyard are gradually falling into desolation - "the wood chips drove away, the logs of the log house and the gate, once powerful, turned gray from old age, and their casing thinned out."

Their mistress is often sick, she cannot get up for several days, but once everything was different: everything was built with a large family in mind, with high quality and sound quality. The fact that now only a single woman lives here already sets the reader up to perceive the tragedy of the heroine's life story.

Matryona's youth

About the childhood of the protagonist, Solzhenitsyn does not tell the reader anything - the main emphasis of the story lies in the period of her youth, when the main factors of her further unhappy life were laid.

When Matryona was 19 years old, Thaddeus wooed her, at that time he was 23. The girl agreed, but the war prevented the wedding. There was no news of Thaddeus for a long time, Matryona was surely waiting for him, but she did not wait for the news, nor for the boy himself. It was decided that he was dead. His younger brother, Efim, proposed to Matryona to marry him. Matryona did not love Yefim, so she did not agree and, perhaps, the hope of Thaddeus's return did not completely abandon her, but she was nevertheless persuaded: “the clever one comes out after the Intercession, and the fool - after Petrov. They lacked hands. I went. " And as it turned out in vain - her beloved returned to the Pokrov - he was captured by Hungarian and therefore there was no news about him.

The news of the marriage of his brother and Matryona came as a blow to him - he wanted to chop up the young, but the notion that Yefim was his brother stopped his intentions. Over time, he forgave them for such an act.

Yefim and Matryona stayed in their parents' house. Matryona still lives in this courtyard, all the buildings here were made by her father-in-law.

Thaddeus did not marry for a long time, and then he found himself another Matryona - they have six children. Efim also had six children, but none of them survived - all died before the age of three months. Because of this, everyone in the village began to believe that the evil eye was on Matryona, she was even taken to the nun, but it was not possible to achieve a positive result.

After Matryona's death, Thaddeus tells that his brother was ashamed of his wife. Yefim preferred “to dress culturally, but she - somehow, all in a country style”. Once the brothers had to work together in the city. Efim cheated on his wife there: he started the madam, and did not want to return to Matryona

A new grief came to Matryona - in 1941 Yefim was taken to the front and he never returned from there. Efim died or found another one - it is not known for sure.

So Matryona was left alone: \u200b\u200b"not understood and abandoned even by her husband."

Living alone

Matryona was kind and sociable. She kept in touch with her husband's relatives. Thaddeus's wife also often came to her "to complain that her husband was beating her, and her husband is stingy, pulls the veins out of her, and cried here for a long time, and her voice was always in a tear."

Matryona felt sorry for her, her husband hit her only once - as a protest, the woman went away - after this it did not happen again.

The teacher, who lives in an apartment with a woman, believes that it is likely that Yefim's wife was more fortunate than Thaddeus's wife. The older brother's wife has always been severely beaten.

Matryona did not want to live without children and her husband, she decided to ask “that second downtrodden Matryona - the womb of her little snatches (or the blood of Thaddeus?) - their youngest girl, Kira. For ten years she raised her here as her own, instead of her unstable ones. " At the time of the story, the girl lives with her husband in a neighboring village.

Matryona worked diligently on the collective farm, "not for money - for sticks", in total she worked for 25 years, and then, despite all the troubles, she got her pension.

Matryona worked hard - she needed to prepare peat for the winter and collect lingonberries (on good days, she "brought six bags" per day).

lingonberries. I also had to deal with the preparation of hay for the goat. “In the morning she took a sack and a sickle and left (...) Having stuffed the sack with fresh heavy grass, she dragged it home and laid it out in her yard in a layer. From a sack of grass it turned out dried hay - a filler. " In addition, she also contrived to help others. By her nature, she could not refuse to help anyone. It often happened that one of her relatives or just acquaintances asked her to help dig up the potatoes - the woman “left her turn, went to help”. After harvesting, she, along with other women, harnessed to a plow instead of a horse and plowed vegetable gardens. She did not take money for her work: "you are unwilling to hide it for her."

Once in a month and a half she had trouble - it was necessary to cook dinner for the shepherds. On such days Matryona went shopping: “she bought canned fish, she got old and sugar and butter, which she didn’t eat herself.” Such was the order here - it was necessary to feed as best as possible, otherwise it would have been made a laughing stock.

After registering a pension and receiving money for renting out housing, Matryona's life becomes much easier - the woman “ordered new felt boots. I bought a new quilted jacket. And she straightened her coat. She even managed to set aside 200 rubles "for her own funeral", which, by the way, did not have to wait long. Matryona takes an active part in the transfer of the room from her site to relatives. At a railway crossing, she rushes to help pull out the stuck sleigh - a running train knocks her and her nephew to death. Threw off the bag to wash. Everything was mess - no legs, no half of the body, no left arm. One woman crossed herself and said:

- The right handle was left to her by the Lord. There will be God to pray.

After the woman's death, everyone quickly forgot her kindness and literally on the day of the funeral began to divide her property and condemn Matryona's life: “and she was unclean; and she didn't chase the plant, she was stupid, she helped strangers for free (and the very reason to remember Matryona fell out - there was no one to call the garden to plow with a plow).

Thus, Matryona's life was full of troubles and tragedies: she lost both her husband and children. For everyone, she was strange and abnormal, because she did not try to live like everyone else, but retained a cheerful and kind disposition until the end of her days.

To Central Russia. Thanks to new trends, the recent prisoner is not refused now to become a school teacher in the Vladimir village of Miltsevo (in the story - Talnovo). Solzhenitsyn settles in the hut of a local resident, Matryona Vasilyevna, a woman of about sixty who is often ill. Matryona has neither a husband nor children. Her loneliness is brightened up only by ficuses placed everywhere in the house, and a pity-legged cat picked up out of pity. (See Description of Matryona's house.)

With warm, lyrical sympathy AI Solzhenitsyn describes Matryona's difficult life. For many years she has not earned a single ruble. On the collective farm, Matryona works "for the sticks of workdays in the tainted book of the accountant." The law that came out after Stalin's death finally gives her the right to seek a pension, but even then not for herself, but for the loss of her husband missing in action at the front. To do this, you need to collect a bunch of certificates, and then take them many times to the social security and the village council, 10-20 kilometers away. Matryona's hut is full of mice and cockroaches that cannot be removed. She keeps only a goat of living creatures, and feeds mainly on "kartyu" (potatoes) no larger than a chicken egg: a sandy, unfertilized vegetable garden does not produce a larger one. But even with such a need, Matryona remains a bright person, with a radiant smile. Her work helps her to maintain her good spirits - trips to the forest for peat (with a two-pound sack three kilometers behind her shoulders), mowing hay for a goat, and household chores. Due to old age and illness, Matryona has already been released from the collective farm, but the formidable wife of the chairman now and then orders her to help at work for free. Matryona easily agrees to help her neighbors in the gardens without money. Having received 80 rubles of a pension from the state, she makes herself new felt boots, a coat from a worn railway overcoat - and believes that her life has noticeably improved.

"Matryona Dvor" - the house of Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova in the village of Miltsevo, Vladimir region, the scene of the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn

Soon Solzhenitsyn learns the history of Matryona's marriage. In her youth, she was going to marry her neighbor Thaddeus. However, he was taken to the German war in 1914 - and he disappeared into the unknown for three years. Without waiting for news from the groom, convinced that he was dead, Matryona married Thaddeus's brother, Efim. But a few months later Thaddeus returned from Hungarian captivity. In his hearts, he threatened to chop Matryona and Yefim with an ax, then cooled down and took another Matryona from a neighboring village. They lived next door to her. Thaddeus was known in Talnovo as a domineering, stingy man. He constantly beat his wife, although he had six children from her. Matryona and Yefim also had six, but none of them lived more than three months. Yefim, leaving in 1941 for another war, did not return from it. Faddey's wife, Matryona, begged her youngest daughter, Kira, for ten years she raised her as her own, and shortly before Solzhenitsyn's appearance in Talnovo, she married her to a locomotive driver in the village of Cherusti. Matryona told the story of her two suitors to Aleksandr Isaevich herself, worrying at the same time as a young woman.

Kira and her husband in Cherusty had to get a piece of land, and for this they had to quickly erect some kind of structure. Old Thaddeus in the winter proposed to move there the upper room, attached to Matren's house. Matryona was going to bequeath this upper room to Kira anyway (and her three sisters marked the house). Under the persistent persuasion of the greedy Thaddeus, Matryona, after two sleepless nights, agreed during her lifetime, breaking part of the roof of the house, dismantling the upper room and transporting it to Cherusti. Before the eyes of the hostess and Solzhenitsyn, Faddey and his sons and sons-in-law came to the matrynin's yard, rattled with axes, creaked with planks that were torn off and dismantled the upper room into logs. The three sisters of Matryona, having learned how she succumbed to Thaddeus's persuasion, together called her a fool.

Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova is the prototype of the main character of the story

A tractor was driven from Cherustia. The logs of the room were loaded onto two sleighs. The fat-faced tractor driver, in order not to make an extra trip, announced that he would pull two sleighs at once - so it was more profitable for him and for the money. Selfless Matryona herself, fussing, helped load the logs. Already in the dark, the tractor with difficulty pulled the heavy load from the matryon's yard. The restless toiler did not stay at home even here - she ran away with everyone, to help along the way.

She was no longer destined to return alive ... At a railway crossing, the cable of an overloaded tractor burst. The tractor driver with the son of Thaddeus rushed to get along with him, and Matryona was carried there with them. At this time, two coupled locomotives approached the crossing, backwards and without turning on the lights. Suddenly flying, they smashed to death all three who were bustling about the cable, mutilated the tractor, and fell off the rails themselves. A fast train approaching the crossing with a thousand passengers almost got into the wreck.

At dawn, from the move on a sled, under a draped dirty sack, they brought everything that was left of Matryona. The body had no legs, no half of the body, no left arm. And the face remained intact, calm, more alive than dead. One woman crossed herself and said:

- The right handle was left to her by the Lord. There will be God to pray ...

The village began to gather for the funeral. Women-relatives lamented over the coffin, but their words showed self-interest. And it was not hidden that Matryona's sisters and her husband's relatives were preparing for a battle for the inheritance of the deceased, for her old house. Only Thaddeus' wife and Cyrus's pupil cried sincerely. Thaddeus himself, who lost his once beloved woman and son in that catastrophe, obviously thought only about how to save the logs of the upper room that were scattered during the crash near the railway. Asking permission to return them, he now and then rushed from the coffins to the station and village authorities.

A.I.Solzhenitsyn in the village of Miltsevo (in the story - Talnovo). October 1956

On Sunday Matryona and her son Thaddeus were buried. The commemoration has passed. In the next few days Thaddeus pulled out a shed and a fence from the matryon's sisters, which he and his sons immediately dismantled and transported on a sled. Aleksandr Isaevich moved to one of Matryona's sister-in-law, who often and always spoke with contemptuous regret of her cordiality, simplicity, how she was “stupid, helped strangers for free,” “she didn’t chase after the acquisition and didn’t even keep a piglet.” For Solzhenitsyn, it was from these scornful words that a new image of Matryona emerged, which he did not understand, even living side by side with her. This stranger to her sisters, a funny sister-in-law, a non-acquisitive woman who did not save up property to death, buried six children, but did not have her sociable disposition, felt sorry for the nimble cat and once at night in a fire rushed to save not a hut, but her beloved ficuses - and there is that righteous man without which, according to the proverb, the village is not worth it.

Subject: “The tragic fate of the heroine in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn's "Matrenin Dvor" "

Objectives:

educational: reading and analyzing a literary text, identifying the author's position through revealing the image of the main character of the story.

developing: awakening the creative potential of students (by encouraging them to think, comprehend what they read, exchange opinions).

educational: expanding students' ideas about A. Solzhenitsyn - a writer, publicist, historian; developing the need for reading, fostering a sense of empathy, respect for people of work and truth.

Equipment: media presentation, portrait of A. Solzhenitsyn, paintings by artists about the Russian village, epigraphs, definitions, drawings.

Literature :

N. Loktionova "A village is not worth it without a righteous man." To the study of the story of A. Solzhenitsyvna "Matrenin's yard". - Literature at school, No. 3, 1994, pp. 33-37

A. Solzhenitsyn "Live not by lies!" - Literature at school number 3, 1994, pp. 38-41.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment:

1) Record number, topic. We continue to study A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn is a writer, publicist, poet and public figure, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate in literature.

II. Learning new material:

Today in the center of our attention is the story "Matrenin's yard". Written in 1959, in the initial period of the writer's work, this story gives a vivid idea of \u200b\u200bSolzhenitsyn, an artist of the word, and of the post-war period of life in the countryside. (Slide 1)

2) Select and write down the epigraph of the lesson from among the proposed ( ... Slide 2):

3) Today we get to know the heroes of A. Solzhenitsyn's story. A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin's Dvor" is at the origins of Russian village prose of the second half of the twentieth century. Let's try in the course of analyzing this story to reveal its meaning and try to answer the question: "What is the" secret inner light "of the story read?" (Slide 3)

1) At home, you read the story and reflected on what you read on the proposed questions and tasks.
Let's turn to the definition of the genre. Story - this ... (Slide 4. )

2) In his stories A. Solzhenitsyn in an extremely succinct form, with tremendous artistic power, reflects on the eternal questions: the fate of the Russian countryside, the position of the common worker, the relationship of people, etc. V. Astafyev called "Matrenin's Dvor" "the pinnacle of Russian short storytelling." Solzhenitsyn himself once remarked that he rarely turned to the genre of the story, "for artistic pleasure." So, the basis of the story is usually a case that reveals the character of the main character. Solzhenitsyn also builds his story on this traditional principle. Through the tragic event - the death of Matryona - the author comes to a deep understanding of her personality. It was only after death that “an image of Matryona floated out before me, which I did not understand, even living side by side with her”. The main part of our work will be devoted to the tragic fate of Matryona. I invite you to an open discussion, free exchange of opinions about the story you have read. (Appendix 3).

III. Perception Revelation Conversation:

Look at the reproduction of the painting by the artist V. Popkov "Old Age". Immerse yourself in the life of the Russian countryside. Try to describe the idea of \u200b\u200bthe painting, what touched you, what did you think about?
( The picture is about loneliness, the habit of working tirelessly. The painting depicts a neat, stern old woman. The stylized interior, in which there is not a single superfluous detail, testifies not so much to everyday life as to the mythopoetic idea of \u200b\u200ba house in which the main place is occupied by a stove (heat) and a door, waiting for at least someone who can brighten up loneliness. The figure of the hostess with a dull, inward-looking into the soul (and through it to us and to the whole world) personifies the idea of \u200b\u200bpreserving a “fire” in a large hostile world, a protected corner in which a person lost in the storms of a stormy time can escape.)

What problems formed the basis of this story?
( The joyless pattern of village life, the fate of a village Russian woman, post-war difficulties, the disenfranchised position of a collective farmer, complex relationships of relatives in the family, true and imaginary moral values, loneliness and old age, spiritual generosity and disinterestedness, the fate of the post-war generation, etc..) (Slide 5)

IV. Analysis of the story:

1) Draw a verbal portrait of Matryona.
The writer does not give a detailed, specific portrait description of the heroine. Only one portrait detail is emphasized - Matryona's "radiant", "kind", "apologetic" smile. The author treats Matryona with sympathy: “From the red frosty sun, the frozen window of the canopy, now shortened, poured a little pink, - and this reflection warmed Matryona's face”, “Those people have good faces who are in harmony with their consciences”. Matryona's speech is smooth, melodious, natively Russian, beginning with "some low warm purr, like grandmothers in fairy tales." The semantic richness of Matryona's "incorrectness" (Slide 5)

2) Describe the environment in which Matryona lives, her world?
Matryona lives in a dark hut with a large Russian stove. It’s like a continuation of herself, a part of her life. Everything here is organic and natural: the cockroaches rustling behind the partition, the rustle of which resembled the "distant sound of the ocean," and the bent-footed cat, picked up out of pity by Matryona, and the mice, which on the tragic night of Matryona's death darted around behind the wallpaper as if Matryona herself was "invisible she rushed about and said goodbye here, with her hut. " These are Matryona's favorite ficuses. That "the loneliness of the hostess was filled with a silent but living crowd." Those ficuses. That Matryona once saved in a fire, not thinking about the meager gains, the "frightened crowd" froze the ficuses on that terrible night, and then were forever taken out of the hut ...
This artistic detail helps us to better understand the image of the main character of the story. Matryona's yard is a kind of island in the middle of an ocean of lies, which keeps the treasures of the national spirit.( Slide 6)

3) How does the story form an understanding of the heroine's difficult life path?
Matryona's "kolotnaya zhitenka" unfolds before us gradually. Bit by bit, referring to the author's digressions and comments scattered throughout the story, to the scanty confessions of Matryona herself, a story is formed about the difficult life path of the heroine. She had to sip a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband in the war, hellish, not every peasant's feasible work in the village, a severe illness - an illness, a bitter resentment against the collective farm, which squeezed all her strength out of her, and then wrote off as unnecessary, leaving without a pension and support. But an amazing thing! Matryona was not angry with this world, she retained a feeling of joy and pity for others, her radiant smile still illuminates her face.
Thus, she lived poorly, wretchedly, lonely - a “lost old woman,” worn out by work and illness. (slide 8)

4) What sure means did Matryona have to maintain a good mood?
The author writes: "She had a sure way to regain her good mood - work." For a quarter of a century on the collective farm, she broke her back pretty well: she dug, planted, dragged huge bags and logs. And all this - "not for money, for sticks of workdays in the grubby book of the accountant." Nevertheless, she was not entitled to a pension, because she did not work at a factory - on a collective farm. And in her old age, Matryona did not know rest: she grabbed a shovel, then she went out with sacks to the swamp to mow grass for her dirty-white goat, then she went with other women to steal peat from the collective farm for winter kindling. Matryona did not hold any grudge against the collective farm. Moreover, according to the first decree, she went to help the collective farm, without receiving, as before, anything for the work. Yes, and any distant relative or neighbor did not refuse help, "without a shadow of envy" she told the guest about the neighbor's rich potato harvest. Work was never a burden to her, “Matryona never spared neither work nor her good”. (slide 9)

5) How did the neighbors and relatives feel about Matryona?
How did her relationship with others develop? What is common in the fate of the narrator and Matryona? Who do the heroes tell about their past?
Sisters, sister-in-law, adopted daughter Cyrus, the only friend in the village, Thaddeus - these are those who were closest to Matryona. Relatives almost did not appear in her house, fearing, apparently, that Matryona would ask them for help. All chorus condemned Matryona. That she is funny and stupid, working for others for free, always getting into men's affairs (after all, she got under the train because she wanted to help the peasants, to drag the sleds with them through the crossing). True, after Matryona's death, the sisters immediately flew in, "seized the hut, the goat and the stove, locked her chest, and gutted two hundred funeral rubles from the lining of her coat." Yes, and a half-century friend - “the only one who sincerely loved Matryona in this village” - who came running in tears with the tragic news, nevertheless, leaving, did not forget to take Matryona's knitted blouse with her so that her sisters would not get it. The sister-in-law, who recognized Matryona's simplicity and cordiality, spoke of this "with suspicious regret." All those around Matrenina mercilessly used kindness, innocence and disinterestedness. Matryona is uncomfortable and cold in her native state. She is alone inside a large society and, what is most terrible, inside a small one - her village, relatives, friends. This means that the society whose system suppresses the best is wrong. This is about this - about the false moral foundations of society - the author of the story sounds the alarm.
Matryona and Ignatyich (the narrator) tell each other about their past. They are brought together by the disorder and complexity of life. Only in Matryona's hut did the hero feel something akin to his heart. And the lonely Matryona felt trust in her guest. The heroes are also related by the drama of their fate and many life principles. Their relationship is especially evident in speech. The narrator's language is extremely close to the folk language, literary at its core, it is filled with expressive dialectisms and vernaculars (whole-soaked, lumpy, good-natured, exactly the same, changed, non-food etc.) Often in the speech of the author come across the words overheard by Matryona. (slide 10)

6) What can you say about the life foundations of the village, about the relations between its inhabitants? What are the foundations of the social system depicted by Solzhenitsyn? With what colors are Faddey Mironovich and Matryona's relatives painted in the story? How does Thaddeus behave when taking apart the upper room? What drives him?
A hero-narrator tells us about this, whom fate has thrown into this strange place called Peat. Already in the very name there was a wild violation, a distortion of the original Russian traditions. Here "dense, impenetrable forests stood before and survived the revolution." But then they were cut down, brought to the root, over which the chairman of a neighboring collective farm raised his collective farm, receiving the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. Individual details are used to form the whole look of the Russian village. Gradually, there was a substitution of the interests of a living, concrete person with the interests of the state and government. They no longer baked bread, did not sell anything edible - the table became scarce and poor. Collective farmers “all the way to the whitest flies on the collective farm, all on the collective farm”, and the hay for their cows had to be collected from under the snow. The new chairman began by cutting off vegetable gardens for all disabled people, and huge areas of land were empty behind fences. Gzhet is a trust showing from the summaries the abundant extraction of peat. The railway management is lying, which does not sell tickets for empty cars. The school is lying because it is fighting for a high success rate. For many years Matryona lived without a ruble, and when she was advised to seek a pension, she was no longer happy: they drove her with papers to the offices for several months - "now for a period, then behind a comma." And the more experienced neighbors summed up her ordeals: “The state is minute. Today, you see, it has given, and tomorrow it will take away. " All this led to the fact that there was a distortion, a shift in the most important thing in life - moral principles and concepts. How it happened, the author bitterly reflects, “that our property, our good, or mine, strangely calls our property our property. And losing it is considered shameful and stupid before people. " Greed, envy for each other, and anger drive people. When Matryena's room was being dismantled, “everyone worked like mad, in the bitterness that people get when they smell like big money or expect a big treat. They shouted at each other, argued. "

7) Is that how you said goodbye to Matryona?

A significant place in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn allotted Matryona's funeral scene. And this is no coincidence. For the last time, all relatives and friends gathered in Matryona's house, in whose environment she lived her life. And it turned out that Matryona was leaving life, never understood by anyone, not humanly mourned by anyone. Even from the folk rituals of parting with a person, a real feeling, a human principle, has gone. Crying has become a kind of politics, ritual norms are unpleasantly striking in their "coldly thought-out" orderliness. At the memorial supper they drank a lot, they said loudly, "not at all about Matryona." According to custom, they sang "Eternal Memory", but "the voices were hoarse, rosy, their faces were drunk, and no one put feelings into this eternal memory." The most terrible figure in the story is Thaddeus, this "insatiable old man" who has lost his elementary human pity, overwhelmed by the only thirst for profit. Even the upper room "has been cursed since Thaddeus's hands grabbed hold of it." In the fact that he is like this today, there is also a share of Matryona's fault, because she did not wait for him from the front, buried him in her thoughts ahead of time - and Thaddeus was angry all over the world. At the funeral of Matryona and his son, he was gloomy with one heavy thought - to save the room from the fire and from Matryona's sisters.
After Matryona's death, the hero-storyteller does not hide his grief, but he becomes really scared when, having sorted out all the inhabitants of the village, he comes to the conclusion that Thaddeus was not the only one in the village. But Matryona - such - was completely alone. The death of Matryona, the destruction of her yard and hut is a formidable warning of a catastrophe that can happen to a society that has lost its moral guidelines. (slide 11)

8) Is there a certain pattern in Matryona's death, or is it a coincidence of accidental circumstances?

It is known that Matryona had a real prototype - Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova, whose life and death formed the basis of the story. The author convinces with all the narration. That Matryona's death is inevitable and natural. Her death at the move takes on a symbolic meaning. A certain symbol is seen in this: it is Matryona the righteous who is passing away. Such people are always to blame, such people always pay the price, not even for their sins. Yes, Matryona's death is a kind of milestone, it is a break in the moral ties still held under Matryona. Perhaps this is the beginning of decay, the death of the moral foundations that Matryona strengthened with her life. (slide 12)

9) What is the meaning of this story, its main idea?
The original title (author's) of the story -"A village is not worth a righteous man" ... And Tvardovsky suggested for the sake of the opportunity to publish the story a more neutral title - "Matrenin's Dvor". But this name also has a deep meaning. If we start from the broad concepts of "collective farm yard", "peasant yard", then in the same row there will be "Matrenin's yard" as a symbol of a special order of life, a special world. Matryona, the only one in the village, lives in her own world: she arranges her life with work, honesty, kindness and patience, preserving her soul and inner freedom. In a popular way, wise, judicious, able to appreciate goodness and beauty, smiling and sociable in her disposition, Matryona managed to resist evil and violence, preserving her “court”. This is how the associative chain is logically built: Matrenin's yard - Matrenin's world - a special world of the righteous, the world of spirituality, kindness, mercy. But Matryona dies - and this world is crumbling: they drag her house apart on a log, greedily share her modest belongings. And there is no one to protect Matryona's yard, no one even thinks that with the departure of Matryona something very valuable and important, not amenable to division and primitive everyday assessment, will pass away. " Everyone lived next to her and did not understand that she was the same righteous person without whom, according to the proverb, “The village is not worth it. Not a city. Not all our land. " (slide13)

10) What is the position of the author, if we consider it more broadly, in the context of all his work?
The story is largely autobiographical. After his release from the camp, Solzhenitsyn went to central Russia to work as a teacher, where he met Matryona. His fate is not easy. The narrator is a man of difficult fate, behind whose shoulders the war and the camp. This is evidenced by artistic details (mention of the fact that “I ate twice a day, like at the front”, about a camp jacket, about unpleasant memories, “when they come to you loudly at night and in greatcoats,” etc.) It is no coincidence that he seeks “To get lost in the interior of Russia itself”, to find peace and that spiritual harmony that he lost in his arduous life and which, in his opinion, has survived among the people. In Matryona's hut, the hero felt something akin to his heart. Often the author resorts to direct assessments and comments. All this gives the story a special trust and artistic penetration. The author admits that he, who became related to Matryona, does not pursue any selfish interests, nevertheless, he did not fully understand her. And only death revealed before him the majestic and tragic image of Matryona. And the story is a kind of author's repentance, bitter repentance for the moral blindness of everyone around him, including himself. He bows his head before a man of a disinterested soul, but absolutely unrequited, defenseless, crushed by the entire ruling system. Solzhenitsyn becomes "in opposition not so much to one or another political system, but to the false moral foundations of society." He seeks to return the eternal moral concepts to their deep, primordial meaning. The story as a whole, despite the tragedy of the events, is sustained on some very warm, light, piercing note, sets the reader up for good feelings and serious reflections.

(slide 14)

11) What is the “secret inner light” of this story?
HaveZ. Gippius a poem that was written earlier than the events depicted in our story, and it was written for a different reason, but try to relate its content to our story, I hope this will help you formulate your own reasoning when writing a small creative work. (slide 15, appendix 7)

V. Securing new material.

Creative work of students: "The Secret Inner Light" of the story "A. Solzhenitsyn's" Matrenin's Yard "and my impressions of what I read. (appendix 4)

Vi. Lesson summary : Let's listen to each other (excerpts from students' creative work)

Vii. Homework : Read the story of A. Solzhenitsyn "One Day in Ivan Denisovich" and think about what idea unites these two works.

Faddey Mironovich - one of the characters in the story "Matryona's yard", the former lover of Matryona Vasilievna, brother of Efim. He was a tall black old man with a beard. In his youth, he was in love with Matryona and was going to marry her, but, having gone into the army, he disappeared without a trace. Matryona waited three years for him, so she never received a single news. She was married to Thaddeus's brother, Efim, and a few months later Thaddeus himself appeared. Out of anger, he almost hacked Matryona and his brother with an ax, but he changed his mind in time.

Yefim treated Matryona well, never hitting like other village peasants did their wives. Thaddeus found himself a wife, who was also called Matryona. He, unlike his brother, beat his wife, and she went to complain to Matryona Vasilyevna. Thaddeus and the "second" Matryona had six children, while Efim and the "first" Matryona had children dying. Then Matryona took up the youngest daughter of Thaddeus - Kira. She raised her for ten years as her own, married a machinist from Cherusti and bequeathed part of her hut after her death.

Thaddeus was distinguished by cruelty and fervor. He did not wait for Matryona to die and began demanding a log house from her for Kira and her husband. They were just given a land plot for a house. Matryona was sorry to cut down the house in which she had lived for forty years, but she agreed. So, Thaddeus provoked the death of Matryona. She died under the wheels of a train, helping relatives move their home in parts. Thaddeus did not even show up for her wake.