"Dubrovsky": history of creation. The history of the creation of the novel "Dubrovsky" by Pushkin The works of Dubrovsky are the most famous

The novel "Dubrovsky" tells the story of the noble robber who opposed the violence of the tyrannical oppressors, a summary of the chapters of which will be presented below. The author tells a story about a freedom-loving avenger, unrequited love and loyalty to the given word.

Children who attend the 6th grade of secondary school, the teacher of literature gives the task to write an annotation on the novel "Dubrovsky": a summary for the reader's diary. To make it easier to remember the summary of the novel "Dubrovsky", it is useful to write a plan of the work.

Note!A.S. Pushkin did not name his creation in any way. In place of the name is the date of the beginning of work on the novel - October 21, 1832.
The name of the novel was given by publishers by the name of the protagonist Vladimir Dubrovsky, when in 1841 1 volume of the work was published.

Events develop as follows:

Once the huntsman Troyekurov made an insulting remark for Dubrovsky, which made the owner laugh. Soon Andrei Gavrilovich whipped the Troekurov serfs who stole the forest.
There is a quarrel between neighbors. Kirila Petrovich starts a lawsuit to reject the village of Kistenevka in her favor.
The court reads out the court's decision on the transfer of Kistenevka into the possession of Troyekurov. The retired general-in-chief is pleased. Shocked Andrey Gavrilovich makes a scandal in the judges' room. The old man falls ill, he is taken to an estate that already belongs to a neighbor.
The old nanny sends a letter to Vladimir Dubrovsky about his father's illness. Guards officer, taking leave, comes home. At the post station, the young man is met by Anton, a serf coachman. On the way to the estate, the peasant tells about the events that happened. In the village, his son is met by a sick, exhausted Andrei Gavrilovich.
It is difficult for the young master Dubrovsky to sort out the lawsuit without the help of an attorney. Troyekurov is tormented by his conscience. An unseemly act committed in the heat of anger does not give rest to the wayward landowner. Kirila Petrovich decides to make peace with an old friend.
At the sight of the general-in-chief entering the courtyard, Andrei Gavrilovich loses his temper, he is seized by a fit of rage. The poor old man had a stroke. Vladimir Dubrovsky orders to expel Troekurov. The father is dying.
Arkady Gavrilovich was buried next to the grave of Vladimir's mother. The young man was absent from the memorial dinner. In the forest, he thought about his future life. In the evening, the order came to execute the court decision on the repudiation of the Dubrovsky estate in favor of Troekurov.
The courtyard people almost staged a riot. Vladimir's intercession saved the officials from reprisals.
In his office, Vladimir Dubrovsky, sorting out the papers of Andrei Gavrilovich, came across letters to his mother, addressed to his father in the army during the Turkish campaign. Sad feelings gripped the young man.
Not wanting the family nest to fall into the wrong hands, the son of the deceased burns down the house. Only drunken clerks who fell asleep remained in the building. Leaving the estate, the master makes an appointment for the peasants in the Kistenevskaya grove.
Troekurov came to find out the causes of the fire. The blacksmith Arkhip was recognized as the culprit of the incident. Andrei Gavrilovich's son Vladimir was also suspected of involvement in the case.
Soon a gang of robbers appeared in the area, robbing and burning the houses of landowners. Only Troekurov's possessions remained intact.
Troyekurov's daughter, seventeen-year-old Masha, was brought up on French novels. Monsieur Deforge (disguised as Vladimir Dubrovsky), whom Kirila Petrovich had discharged from Moscow, was teaching his son Sasha, who was born to the landowner as the daughter's governess.
The master liked to joke for the sake of pushing an unlucky guest into a room with a hungry bear. The son's teacher was also subjected to this test. Deforge was not taken aback and, taking out his pistol, shot the enraged beast. Masha falls in love with a Frenchman.

The beauty of the Russian language will not allow you to feel the very brief content of the novel "Dubrovsky". The novel should be read in full. The school's teachers also recommend listening to short stories sung by artisans.

2 part of the novel

From November 11 to December 14, 1832, Pushkin did not work on the novel. The end date of Chapter XIX is February 6, 1833. The work remained unfinished.

What is the story of volume 2 of the novel "Dubrovsky":

On October 1, a temple holiday was celebrated in Pokrovskoye. After the service, numerous guests gathered for lunch at the Troyekurov estate. During the feast, the latest news related to the robbers was discussed.
Troekurov ordered not to let the guests go until tomorrow. The ball started in the evening. After midnight, the guests began to disperse to their assigned rooms. Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn decided to spend the night in the Desforges wing.
The landowner feared robbery, since he hid all the money on his chest in a leather bag. The courageous Frenchman seemed to be a reliable defense. At night, the teacher robbed Spitsyn, calling himself Dubrovsky.
A month before this incident, Vladimir Dubrovsky bought a passport and recommendations from a real teacher, who, getting to Troyekurov's estate, was waiting for a change of horses at the post station. Having taken possession of Desforge's documents, the robber settled in Pokrovskoe.
The morning after the celebration, the host and guests were surprised by Spitsyn's pale appearance, who glanced apprehensively at the Frenchman. Having hastily drunk tea, the landowner hastened to take his leave.
Once the teacher handed Masha a note in which he suggested meeting in the garden. On a date, the young man gives his real name. The ataman of the robbers admits that Troekurov was to become the first victim of his revenge.
But Vladimir's love for the girl saved Kiril Petrovich from death. Masha promises to turn to Dubrovsky for help in case of emergency. The bandit leader leaves Pokrovskoe. The police chief came to the estate to arrest the alleged teacher.
Prince Vereisky returned to his native estate, which was located 30 versts from Pokrovsky. The holder of two orders and the owner of 3000 serfs was invited to visit Troyekurov. The beauty of Maria Kirillovna makes an impression on the elderly socialite.
Two days later, father and daughter pay a return visit. All day is spent in entertainment. An old bachelor talks about the paintings he has collected. The host and guests take a boat ride on the lake. In the evening a gourmet dinner took place. At night, the sky was decorated with fireworks in honor of the Troekurovs.
Several days passed. When Masha was doing embroidery in her room, an unknown person threw a note through the window. The girl did not have time to read the message, the servant called her to Troyekurov.
The father, next to whom Vereisky was, announces his intention to marry his daughter to the prince. Having burst into tears, Masha realizes how disgusting the old groom is.
Left alone, the girl reads a note in which the loving robber makes an appointment.
In the night garden, Vladimir Dubrovsky invites his beloved to get rid of the hated prince. Masha does not want to become the cause of the death of another person and promises to beg her parent not to marry her off to a depraved rich man.
If Dubrovsky's help is needed, Troekurov's daughter will put the ring in the oak hollow at the place of their meeting.
Masha writes a letter to the prince with a request to abandon the marriage. Vereisky is doing everything possible to speed up the wedding.
The landowner ignores the threat of his daughter to find a defender in the person of Dubrovsky and sets the wedding day. Locked in a room, Masha is unable to warn her lover about her misfortune.
The next morning, brother Sasha, at the request of his sister, takes the ring to the agreed cache. A red-haired ragamuffin who jumped out of the bushes steals the ring. A scuffle begins between the boys.
The gardener Stepan hurries to the aid of the barchuk. Kirila Petrovich clarifies the circumstances of the incident. Troekurov and the police chief, who came from the city, draw up a plan to capture the ataman of robbers.
In the parish church, Vereisky's wedding took place with Marya Kirilovna. On the way to the prince's estate, Dubrovsky's detachment attacks the carriage. Vladimir announces that Masha is free. But the girl replies that help came late.
From now on, she is the prince's wife and will be faithful to her husband. The robbers leave without harming anyone. The newlyweds continued their way to the wedding feast.
A company of soldiers attacked the bandit's forest camp. After killing the officer, the former serfs repulsed the attack. Vladimir Dubrovsky announces to his accomplices his intention to stop the robberies and leave.
The owner advises the peasants who got rich during the forest life to move to remote provinces and start a peaceful life.

Work on the novel "Dubrovsky" was started by A.S. Pushkin on October 21, 1832. The plot was based on an episode reported to Pushkin by his friend P.V. Nashchokin, who told about one "poor Belarusian nobleman, by the name of Ostrovsky." So the novel was called at first. This nobleman had a trial with a neighbor for land, was ousted from the estate and, remaining with some peasants, began to rob first clerks, then others. Nashchokin saw this Ostrovsky in prison.

At this time, Pushkin was pondering the plot of a historical novel about a daring man, a nobleman who entered the service of Pugachev, and he found in Nashchokin's story a plot about a hero of the same type, prompted by life itself.

N.G. Chernyshevsky wrote about this novel: "It is difficult to find in Russian literature a more accurate and vivid picture, like a description of the life and habits of the great master of old times at the beginning of the story" Dubrovsky "."

This lesson is about the novel Dubrovsky.

Today in the center of our attention is the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "Dubrovsky".

It has already been said that for his freedom-loving poetry, Pushkin was sent into exile, first to Chisinau, then to Odessa, and then to the village of Mikhailovskoye, Pskov province. In 1826, Alexander Sergeevich was summoned by Nicholas II to Moscow. During the conversation with the poet, the tsar said that he was talking with the smartest man in Russia. A.S. Pushkin was allowed to live in Moscow and even work in the archive.

In the early thirties, the poet begins to write prose works. He worked on the novel "Dubrovsky" from October 1832 to February 1833. But the novel was never finished, and during the life of the writer it was not published.

The novel is based on a message from a friend of A.S. P.V. Pushkina Nashchokin (Fig. 1) about a poor nobleman by the name of Ostrovsky, who had a lawsuit with a neighbor for land. Ostrovsky was ousted from the estate and, left with some peasants, began to plunder.

Figure: 1. K.P. Maser. P. V. Nashchokin. 1839 ()

It is also known that before starting work on A.S. Pushkin visited Pskov, Boldino, where similar cases of landowners Muratov, Dubrovsky, Kryukov were considered. Thus, the novel was based on real life circumstances, which were creatively reworked by A.S. Pushkin.

What is a novel?

ROMAN is a large narrative work, which is distinguished by a variety of characters and a branching plot. That is, many events take place in the novel, in which a large number of heroes take part.

PLOT - sequence and connection of events in a work of art.

The genre became very popular in the nineteenth century adventurous novel, there were works where honesty was opposed to meanness, the generosity of greed, the love of hate.

Many writers used the “dress-up” technique to make it more entertaining, and also changed the chronology of events. The main character of such a work was invariably beautiful, honest, noble, courageous, and the adventurous novel ended with the victory of the main character.

A.S. Pushkin made an attempt to write a similar work, but the depth of the life problems revealed in his novel did not allow him to finish this work. A.S. Pushkin could not fit living heroes into the rigid schemes of this genre.

The action of the novel "Dubrovsky" takes place in the twenties of the nineteenth century and develops over a year and a half.

What was the society of those times?

Autocracy, serfdom. The king is at the head of the state. The main estates are nobles, officials, peasants, serfs and warriors. The nobleman owned an estate, which consisted of land and serfs. The nobility was heterogeneous. Some noblemen owned vast lands, estates and large numbers of peasants, while others were small. Noblemen could marry and marry only people from their own class.

Most of the nobles considered serfdom as normal and disposed of their peasants as property. Most people who did not belong to a noble family, they did not consider worthy of respect and attention.

The nobles lived on their estate, were engaged in the household, went to visit each other. The peasants called their master "master", the hostess - "lady", and children - "barchuks" or "barchats".

The main characters of the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin are Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, his daughter Marya Kirillovna, his neighbor and friend Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky and his son Vladimir.

Let's talk about Troekurov.

What Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin says about him:

His wealth, noble family and connections gave him great weight in the provinces ...

That is, Troekurov had power over people and could do as he pleased:

The neighbors were glad to please his slightest whim; provincial officials trembled at his name; Kirila Petrovich accepted signs of servility as a proper tribute ...

The rudeness and willfulness of Kirila Petrovich Troekurov can be explained by great wealth and unlimited power over people. We can say that he treated his guests the same way he treated serfs, he believed that he could buy everything, and humiliated the dignity of people.

At about seven o'clock in the evening, some of the guests wanted to go, but the owner, amused by the punch, ordered the gate to be locked and announced that he would not let anyone out of the yard until the next morning. So he was "at home."

At home, Kirila Petrovich showed all the vices of an uneducated person. Spoiled by everything that only surrounded him, he used to give full vent to all the impulses of his ardent disposition and all the ventures of a rather limited mind. ...

He suffered from gluttony twice a week ... (Fig. 2)

Figure: 2. Postcard-illustration for the story "Dubrovsky" by A. Pushkin. Artist D.A. Shmarinov ()

Troekurov's usual occupations consisted of traveling around his extensive estates, in prolonged feasts and in pranks, moreover, invented daily

Troekurov, arrogant in his dealings with people of the highest rank, respected Dubrovsky, despite his humble state. Once they were comrades in the service, and Troekurov knew from experience the impatience and decisiveness of his character.

Dubrovsky, the only one of the people around him, behaved proudly, was independent and refused the patronage of his former colleague.

Troekurov and Dubrovsky were partly similar in character and inclinations, this similarity was manifested in pride, but Troekurov maintained this feeling in himself with a consciousness of his wealth and power, and Dubrovsky - with an awareness of the antiquity of his family and noble honor. Both landowners had a hot, quick-tempered character, both loved hunting with dogs and kept dogs.

Their friendship was broken by an incident at Troyekurov's kennel (Fig. 3):

Figure: 3. Postcard-illustration for the story of Alexander Pushkin "Dubrovsky". Artist D.A. Shmarinov ()

An order has been given to the huntsmen and striders to be ready by five in the morning. The tent and kitchen were sent forward to the place where Kirila Petrovich was supposed to dine. The host and the guests went to the kennel yard, where more than five hundred hounds and greyhounds lived in contentment and warmth, glorifying the generosity of Kiril Petrovich in their dog's tongue. There was also a hospital for sick dogs, under the supervision of the head physician Timoshka, and a department where noble females bred and fed their puppies. Kirila Petrovich was proud of this wonderful establishment and never missed an opportunity to boast of it in front of his guests, of whom each had examined it at least for the twentieth time. He paced the kennel, surrounded by his guests and accompanied by Timoshka and the chief kennels; he stopped in front of some kennels, then inquiring about the health of the patients, then making remarks more or less strict and fair, then beckoning familiar dogs and talking to them affectionately. The guests considered it their duty to admire Kiril Petrovich's kennel. Dubrovsky alone was silent and frowned. He was an ardent hunter. His condition allowed him to keep only two hounds and one pack of greyhounds; he could not refrain from some envy at the sight of this magnificent institution. "Why are you frowning, brother," Kirila Petrovich asked him, "or don't you like my kennel?" - "No," he answered sternly, "the kennel is wonderful, your life is unlikely to be the same as your dogs." One of the hounds was offended. “We do not complain about our living,” he said, “thanks to God and the master, we don’t complain, but what is true is true, it would not be bad for another and a nobleman to exchange the estate for any local kennel. He would have been both nourishing and warmer. " Kirila Petrovich laughed loudly at the insolent remark of his slave, and the guests followed him laughing, although they felt that the hunter's joke could apply to them too. Dubrovsky turned pale and did not say a word. At this time they brought newborn puppies to Kirila Petrovich in a basket; he took care of them, chose two for himself, ordered the others to be drowned (Fig. 4).

Figure: 4. Postcard-illustration for the story of Alexander Pushkin "Dubrovsky". Artist D.A. Shmarinov ()

The incident at the kennel characterizes Dubrovsky as a proud man who does not want to turn into a jester, possessing a sense of his own dignity, and therefore Dubrovsky assessed the hunter's remark as an insult to the noble honor by a slave.

The quarrel between Dubrovsky and Troyekurov cannot be called an accident, it was natural, because Troyekurov treated everyone arrogantly. Dubrovsky was deeply offended and could not endure this humiliation.

Troekurov did not want to offend Dubrovsky and wanted to return the friendship of his proud neighbor, but when Dubrovsky punished the peasants of Troekurov who stole the forest from him, known robbers, then Troekurov " lost his temper and in the first minute of anger he wanted with all his courtyards to launch an attack on Kistenevka, ruin it to the ground and besiege the landowner himself in his estate. "Such feats were not unusual for him. .

In Troyekurov, a thirst for revenge arises, and he chooses the most vile way of revenge - to take away the estate from his former comrade.

This is the strength to take away property without any right.

And to do it under the guise of legality and by the wrong hands.

To carry out this dastardly plan, he chooses assessor Shabashkin, who for money is ready with great zeal to carry out Troyekurov's illegal plans, that is, to break the law, of which he is a representative.

Shabashkin fussed for him, acting on his behalf, frightening and bribing judges and misinterpreting all kinds of decrees.

Dubrovsky was amazed. He did not allow the thought that someone might encroach on his legal property.

Shabashkin understands that Dubrovsky knows little about business and that it will not be difficult to put a person so hot and imprudent in the most disadvantageous position.

The first chapter ends disappointingly:

On February 9, Dubrovsky received an invitation through the city police to appear before the ** zemstvo judge to hear the decision on the disputed estate between him, Lieutenant Dubrovsky, and General-in-Chief Troekurov, and to sign his pleasure or displeasure. On the same day Dubrovsky set off for the city; Troekurov overtook him on the road. They glanced proudly at each other, and Dubrovsky noticed an evil smile on the face of his opponent.

Former comrades have become enemies.

The officials of the district court greeted Dubrovsky and Troekurov differently. On Dubrovsky “No one paid attention, when Kirill Petrovich arrived, the clerks got up and laid their feathers behind his ear, the members greeted him with an expression of deep servility and moved his chair out of respect for his rank, age and stoutness.”

The picture of the court evokes a feeling of annoyance and pity for Dubrovsky, indignation against Troekurov's triumph and protest against the servility and servility of the judges.

A.S. Pushkin emphasizes the unnaturalness of this trial with such details: the assessor addresses Troyekurov with a low bow, and simply brings the paper to Dubrovsky. Troekurov sits in an armchair, while Dubrovsky is leaning against the wall.

The judge counted on Troekurov's gratitude. Troekurov signed under the decision of the court "his perfect pleasure."

Dubrovsky became motionless, bowing his head.

The unjust criminal decision of the court led Dubrovsky to sudden insanity.

The judges did not receive the desired reward from Troyekurov, since Dubrovsky's sudden madness strongly influenced his imagination and poisoned his triumph. Troekurov realized that he had gone too far, his conscience began to speak. The whole undertaking turned into a real disaster for Dubrovsky in court, and his mind became clouded.

Figure: 5. Postcard-illustration for the story "Dubrovsky" by Alexander Pushkin. Artist D.A. Shmarinov ()

Troekurov wanted to punish his rebellious neighbor. He did not need Kistenevka, he had enough of his own estates, his own wealth, he wanted to break Dubrovsky's pride and independence, trample on his dignity, but, of course, he did not want to drive his opponent to madness.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wanted to show that unlimited power cripples the soul of its owner, and also leads to the tragedy of many other people.

List of references

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin performed by masters of the artistic word / Collection / MP3-CD. - M .: ARDIS-CONSULT, 2009.
V. Voevodin. The Story of Pushkin. - M .: Children's literature, 1955.
Pushkin A.S. Dubrovsky. - M .: Children's literature. 1983.
Literature. 6th grade. At 2 pm / [V.P. Polukhina, V. Ya. Korovin, V.P. Zhuravlev and V.I. Korovin]; ed. V. Ya. Korovina. - M., 2013.

Librusek. A lot of books. "Our everything." What to read about A.S. Pushkin [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
"Encyclopedia of Russian Painting" [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
Electronic publications of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) RAS. Pushkin Cabinet [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().

Homework

Task to choose from (1 or 2).

Prepare a concise retelling of one chapter according to your own outline.
Prepare an oral story on one of the topics (A or B).
AND. Theme:"Why did Vladimir Dubrovsky become a robber?"

Plan.
1. A short history of the hero's life.
2. Changes in the fate of the hero after the death of his father.
3. Character traits of the hero: ambition, love for the father (chapter 3), nobility (chapter 4, stands up for Shabashkin); courage, courage, resourcefulness, determination, composure.
4. Dubrovsky the robber.
5. Love for Masha Troekurova.
6. Author's sympathy for the main character.
7. My attitude to Vladimir Dubrovsky.
B. Theme: "Vladimir Dubrovsky and Masha Troyekurova".

Plan.
1. The life story of heroes and their families (friendship of fathers, lost their mothers early, lonely and impressionable).
2. Dubrovsky - Deforge (love for Masha).
3. Masha's indifference to Dubrovsky.
4. Meetings of Masha and Vladimir.
5. Matchmaking of Prince Vereisky.
6. Waiting for help from Dubrovsky.
7. Masha's wedding.
8. Honor and loyalty to this word are the main values \u200b\u200bof the heroes.
9. My attitude towards heroes.

1833 was the year of the publication of Pushkin's short story "Dubrovsky", created by the author on the basis of a real story by V.P. Nashchokin. The work is considered by many to be an unfinished novel, which reflected the characteristic features of landlord Russia. Below you can familiarize yourself with the description of the main characters of the story and read a summary of "Dubrovsky" by chapters.

main characters

Vladimir Dubrovsky - cornet, son of a small landowner, the main character in the story.

Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky - a landowner whose estate is trying to take away Troyekurov.

Kirila Petrovich Troekurov - a landowner with unlimited opportunities in his district.

Masha Troekurova - a young girl, daughter of Kiril Petrovich, beloved of Dubrovsky Jr.

Other characters

Shabashkin - assessor.

Arkhip the blacksmith - serf Dubrovsky.

Egorovna - a servant of the Dubrovsky.

Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn - a poor landowner who testified against Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky.

Prince Vereisky - an old man who became the husband of Masha Troekurova.

Chapter 1.

Pushkin's novel Dubrovsky begins with a description of the landowner Troyekurov, who has taken over all the local nobility. He lives, not recognizing the laws, does not listen to anyone, acts as he pleases. His neighbor on the estate was Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, with whom they had been friends since their youth, together they did military service and did not lose contact with each other. Somehow at the same time they became widowers. Dubrovsky has a son, Vladimir, and Troekurov raised his daughter Masha.

At a dinner party, friends quarrel. Seeing the kennel of Troyekurov, Andrei Gavrilovich accuses him of the fact that he lives much better for dogs than for ordinary people. In this response to such a remark, Troekurov's servant insults Dubrovsky and he leaves.

In Kistinevka, he learns that the Troekurov serfs are stealing his forest. He orders the men to be flogged and the horse taken away from them. The angry Troekurov begins to make plans for revenge and decides to take the estate from his former friend.

Chapter 2.

During the court proceedings, Andrei Gavrilovich cannot prove his right to own Kisteneyevka, since his documents were burned long ago. Hired witness Anton Spitsyn confirms in court the illegality of the possession, and the court decides to hand Kistenevka to Troekurov. Upon signing the document, Dubrovsky becomes ill and is sent home.

Chapter 3.

Having received a letter from the old nanny, Dubrovsky junior goes to his father. He is met by Anton, his father's coachman, who convinces the young cornet of the loyalty of all the men and their unwillingness to obey Troekurov.

Chapter 4.

Explain what is happening clearly, the father can not his son due to illness. The period of appeal established by the court passes and the estate ceases to be the property of the Dubrovskys. But Troekurov is no longer happy with what he has done. His conscience torments him, and he goes to a friend with the intention to fix everything.
Seeing Kiril Petrovich who arrived, Dubrovsky's father begins to get very nervous and paralyzes him. The son is furious and kicks out his father's former friend. The doctor did not help and the master died.

Chapter 5.

As soon as the funeral of Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky took place, representatives of the judicial commission appeared in Kistenevka, under the leadership of assessor Shabashkin. They are going to prepare papers that will give the right to the estate to Troyekurov. Local peasants refuse to comply with the will of the court. A riot is brewing. Vladimir persuades the audience to disperse, and allows those who have arrived to spend the night at their parents' house.

Chapter 6.

At night, the house catches fire and everyone inside is killed. The blacksmith deliberately closes up all the exits, but no one wants to help them.

Chapter 7.

The investigation begins. Kirila Petrovich is actively investigating. Investigators find out that a local blacksmith burned down the house. Vladimir falls under suspicion, but no evidence was found. A gang of bandits appears in the district, robbing only the rich. Many people think that these are peasants who fled from the Dubrovsky estate under the leadership of their young master.

Chapter 8.

The plot of the story "Dubrovsky" continues the appearance of Masha. The author tells the reader about her lonely childhood, amid books and dreams. She grew up with her half-brother Sasha, who was the son of Troekurov and the governess. It cannot be said that they were friends, but the boy treated his sister with love and tenderness.

Troekurov seeks to give Sasha a decent education, for which he hires the Frenchman Deforge. The teacher teaches music to Masha and wins her heart. Kirila Petrovich himself is pleased with the teacher. An important role in this was played by the case: when Troekurov decided to laugh at the Frenchman and pushed him to the bear, he was not afraid and killed the animal with a pistol.

Chapter 9.

A temple festival is being held at the Troyekurov estate. A large number of guests are gathering. They discuss robbers and have conversations about this topic. Some believe that Vladimir does not rob everyone in a row, others condemn and demand capture. The police chief notes that Dubrovsky will definitely be caught, since his signs are already known. Reading them, Troekurov notices that they suit almost everyone. Telling the audience about the courage of the teacher, he notes that with such a protector he is not afraid of robbers.

Chapter 10.

One of the guests, Spitsyn, does not cease to be afraid and asks the brave teacher to spend the night with him. Deforge agrees. When everyone fell asleep, the teacher robs Spitsyn and threatens him with reprisals if he tells who the Frenchman really is.

Chapter 11.

A small digression, a summary of which tells the reader how the transformation of Dubrovsky into Deforge took place. Vladimir met the Frenchman on the way to the estate, at the station and offered him a large sum for all the documents. The teacher agreed immediately. Thus, Dubrovsky got to Troekurov, where he immediately won the love of all his family.

Chapter 12.

Vladimir understands that he must disappear and asks Masha for a meeting, at which he tells her the whole truth, talks about his love for her, informs about his departure, since he can no longer be around. On the same day, in the late afternoon, the police chief comes to the estate and demands to hand over the teacher, since there is information that he is Vladimir Dubrovsky. Troekurov orders to find a teacher, but he is nowhere to be found.

Chapter 13.

Troyekurov's neighbor was an elderly prince named Vereisky. All summer he has been making friends with Kiril Petrovich, pays attention to Masha and begins courtship, considering the girl a suitable candidate for the role of his wife.

Chapter 14.

Several weeks of courtship passed. Vereisky asks for Masha's hand and is going to marry. Troekurova is satisfied with such a marriage, and he agrees to the marriage of his daughter, ordering her to prepare for the wedding. At the same moment, Masha learns about Dubrovsky's desire to meet her.

Chapter 15.

When she meets, she tells Dubrovsky about her situation. He already knows this and offers Masha his help. In response, she offers to wait a little longer, thinking that she can convince her father not to marry her to the old prince. Vladimir hands her a ring, which, in case of danger, she must put in the hollow of a tree.

Chapter 16.

Masha writes a letter to the prince, in which she asks not to marry her. But Vereisky shows this letter to Troekurov and he decides to hold the wedding faster, and lock Masha herself until that time.

Chapter 17.

Masha is in complete despair. She gives little Sasha the ring, asking him to put it in the hollow. The boy carries out an assignment, but when he sees a red-haired boy who takes the message, he starts a fight with him. He thinks he is a thief and is trying to steal his sister's ring. There is a noise and everything is being clarified.

Chapter 18.

Masha is getting married with Vereisky. On the way from the church, robbers attack the carriage. The prince shoots, hitting Dubrovsky. Vladimir offers Masha release, but she refuses. After all, they had already been married, and she took an oath to be a faithful wife.

Chapter 19.

The authorities start a war with the robbers, declare everyone on the wanted list and call in the troops for help. There is a fight. Vladimir understands that they will lose. He dismisses his comrades, and he disappears into the forest. No one ever saw him again, although there were rumors that he survived and went abroad.

This is where the novel ends. A short retelling of "Dubrovsky" included only the main events of the story, for a more complete understanding and knowledge of all the details of the work, read the full version.

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We will analyze the characteristics of the heroes and a summary very carefully. We will also present a small overview of critical reviews of the work of the author's contemporaries.

History of creation

It was based on a story told to Pushkin by his friend P.V. Nashchokin. Thus, the novel Dubrovsky has realistic roots. Therefore, the analysis of the work must begin with precisely this.

So, Nashchokin met a Belarusian nobleman in prison, who had a long lawsuit with a neighbor for land, was expelled from the estate and then, left with several peasants, began to engage in robbery. The surname of that criminal was Ostrovsky, Pushkin replaced it with Dubrovsky, and the action of the work was transferred to the 20s of the 19th century.

Initially, Pushkin titled the novel with the date “October 21, 1832”, which marked the beginning of work on the novel. And the well-known title to the work was given already by the editor before publication in 1841.

Even at school, children study the novel "Dubrovsky". The analysis of the work (grade 6 is the time when students get to know it for the first time) is usually carried out according to the scheme. And if the first item is a description of the history of creation, then a brief summary of the novel should follow.

The landowner Kirill Petrovich Troekurov, a retired general-in-chief, a classic wayward and rich master, his whims are pleasing to all neighbors, and the provincial officials tremble at the sight of him. He is friends with his neighbor and former comrade in the army service Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, a poor and independent nobleman, a former lieutenant.

Troekurov has always been distinguished by a nasty and cruel character. More than once he mocked his guests. His favorite trick was to lock one of those who came to him in a room with a bear.

Action development

Somehow Dubrovsky comes to Troekurov, and the landowners quarrel over the insolence of the guest's servant. Gradually, the quarrel turns into a real war. Troekurov decides to take revenge, bribes the judge and, thanks to his impunity, sues Dubrovsky for Kistenevka, his estate. Upon learning the verdict, the landowner goes crazy right in the courtroom. His son, the guard cornet Vladimir, is forced to leave the service and come from St. Petersburg to his sick father. Soon the elder Dubrovsky dies.

Court officials come to formalize the transfer of property, they get drunk and stay overnight at the estate. At night Vladimir sets fire to the house together with them. Dubrovsky, together with the faithful peasants, becomes a robber. Gradually, he terrifies all the surrounding landowners. Only Troekurov's possessions remain intact.

A teacher comes to the Troekurov family to enter the service. Dubrovsky intercepts him halfway and bribes him. Now he himself, disguised as Deforge, goes to the estate of the enemy. Gradually, love arises between him and Masha Troekurova, the daughter of a landowner.

Interchange

It is best to consider the entire novel. And the analysis of the work "Dubrovsky" by chapters will be quite problematic, since they are an element of one whole and lose most of their meaning out of context.

So, Troekurov decides to marry his daughter to Prince Vereisky. The girl is against and does not want to marry the old man. Dubrovsky makes an unsuccessful attempt to prevent their marriage. Masha sends him a conventional sign, he comes to save her, but it is too late.

When the wedding cortege follows from the church to the prince's estate, Dubrovsky's people surround him. Vladimir offers Masha freedom, she can leave her old husband and leave with him. But the girl refuses - she has already taken an oath and cannot break it.

Soon, the provincial authorities almost managed to catch Dubrovsky's gang. After that, he dismisses his people, and he himself goes abroad.

Analysis of the work of Pushkin "Dubrovsky": theme and idea

This work is one of the most significant in the writer's work. In it, Pushkin reflected many of the problems of his time. For example, tyranny of landowners, arbitrariness of officials and judges, lack of rights of serfs and robbery as a reaction to all this rebellious and courageous people.

The topic of robbery for good purposes is not new in world and Russian literature. The image of a noble and freedom-loving robber did not leave indifferent many writers of the romantic direction. However, this is not the only reason for Pushkin's interest in this topic. For many years, robbery was widespread in Russia. The robbers were former soldiers, impoverished nobles, and escaped serfs. However, the people blamed not them for the robberies, but the authorities that brought them to this. And Pushkin decided in his work to show why honest people have to go out on the high road.

The originality of the conflict

We continue to describe the analysis of Pushkin's “Dubrovsky”. Grade 6, namely in it they study the novel, is already familiar with such a concept as "conflict", so it will definitely need to be considered.

So, there are only 2 conflicts in the novel, which are strikingly different both in nature and in social significance. The first has a bright social coloring and is associated with class inequality. Andrey Dubrovsky and Kirila Troekurov collide in it. And as a result, it leads to a revolt of Vladimir, who cannot come to terms with arbitrariness. This is the main conflict of the novel.

However, there is a second one related to the theme of love and family and domestic relations. It manifests itself in the wearable marriage of Masha to the old prince. Pushkin raises the topic of female lawlessness, speaks of the impossibility of lovers to be happy because of the whim of their parents.

Both of these conflicts are united by the figure of Kirila Troekurov, who caused the troubles of both the Dubrovskys and his own daughter.

The image of Vladimir Dubrovsky

The protagonist of the novel is Vladimir Andreevich Dubrovsky. Analysis of the work allows us to give it a very flattering description. He is a poor nobleman, he is 23 years old, he has a stately appearance and a loud voice. Despite his position, he did not lose his honor and pride. He, like his father, always treated serfs well and earned their love. That is why they conspired with him when he planned to burn the estate, and then began to rob.

His mother died when he was only a year old. However, he knew that his parents married for love. He wanted such a future for himself. Masha Troekurova became that one love for him. However, her father intervened. Vladimir made a desperate attempt to save his beloved, but could not. His nobility was also manifested in the fact that he dutifully left when Masha refused to run away with him. We can say that this hero embodies the concept of noble honor.

The image of Troekurov

To expose people like Troekurov, the novel "Dubrovsky" was written. Analysis of the work lets us understand all the baseness and lack of principle of this person. Nothing is sacred to him. He crushes his servants and friends with the same ease. Even the death of a comrade and good friend did not stop his greed. He did not regret his daughter either. For the sake of profit, Troyekurov doomed Masha to an unhappy life in marriage and deprived her of true love. At the same time, he is confident that he is right and does not even admit the thought that he can be punished.

The novel assessed by critics

What did the critics think about the novel "Dubrovsky"? Analysis of the work helped us to understand that Pushkin wrote a rather topical book. However, Belinsky, for example, called her melodramatic, and Dubrovsky a hero who does not evoke sympathy. On the other hand, the critic highly appreciated the reliability with which Pushkin portrayed Troyekurov and the landlord life of his time.

P. Annenkov noted that the novel has a romantic end, inconsistent with its content, but the characters described are particularly psychological and reliable. also emphasized the vitality of the described situation and the realism of the characters.

"Dubrovsky": analysis of the work briefly

If you need to do a short analysis. Then you can write the following. The main theme of the work is robbery in Russia. The idea is to show how people take this path, and who is to blame. Pushkin tried to expose the authorities and show the social injustice that reigns around. There are two conflicts in the work - social and love. The first is associated with the unlimited power of the haves, and the second with complete parental power over their children. The main culprit is Troyekurov, who embodies the classic type of Russian master.

At the beginning of the 19th century, adventure novels were popular. Alexander Pushkin also paid tribute to fashion. In 1832, a friend of the poet Pavel Nashchokin told a story about a landowner named Ostrovsky, from whom a biased court took away his estate. The victim organized his peasants and began to engage in robbery with them. This story from life interested Pushkin. Soon the poet wrote the first two volumes of the novel about the noble robber.

But the work remained unfinished and did not even have a title. It was published after Pushkin's death in 1841. The publisher named the novel by the name of the protagonist - "Dubrovsky".

main idea works - protection of human dignity. Due to personal insult, enmity flares up between the Troekurov and Dubrovsky families. Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky cannot withstand the unequal struggle for noble honor. He goes crazy and then dies. Then his son Vladimir begins to fight for the family property. He does not intend to give the family nest to the enemy and prefers to burn down the house in which he was born.

Even stepping on the path of a robber, young Dubrovsky remains a man of honor. He is merciful and just, does not oppress the poor. Masha Troyekurova also teaches us a lesson in observance of duty, who refuses to leave her unloved husband, remaining faithful to her oath before the altar.

In the novel, Pushkin raises a very important issue of family lawlessness. Masha, like many girls of that time, could not fully control her fate. For her, everything was decided by the despotic father, not paying attention to the desperate pleas and tears of his daughter. Prince Vereisky even saw in his bride only a rich and beautiful girl.

Romantic plot the work, as is often the case with Pushkin, is only an outer shell, under which the content is hidden. In such novels, evil traditionally should be punished, and good always triumphs. But good always loses in Dubrovsky. The insulted honor of the Dubrovskys remained unavenged, Kistenevka went to Troekurov, Masha married a prince, Vladimir was forced to flee abroad.

Dubrovsky is a social novel. His main idea is that laws in Russia mean nothing before wealth and connections. Everyone, except Dubrovsky, grovels before Troekurov and forgives him any humiliation. Even government officials are running errands for the landowner. There is no place for noble people in such a society.

Touched upon in the novel and popular riot theme... But the peasants of Kistenevka rise up against the power of Troyekurov not for the sake of justice or patriarchal attachment to "their" master. "If strangers get it, he will take away not only the skin from them, but also the meat", - the coachman Anton expresses the reason for his discontent. The peasants are worried about their own well-being, so their rebellion is not yet filled with ideological content. This is not a protest against serfdom, but an attempt to protect oneself from a despot.

The life of the local nobility is vividly and in detail depicted in the novel. Troekurov and Dubrovsky represent two different types of this class. Kirila Petrovich is a large landowner who keeps the whole district in fear. He feels himself master not only over his serfs, but also over his neighbors. Any person below the social ladder is despised by Troekurov. He pushes the provincial officials, as his servants, to death marked two teachers. Kirila Petrovich likes to have a lot of people in the house. But the guests serve him more for amusement. Troyekurov takes pleasure in humiliating them, making rude and even cruel jokes.

The conceit of this uneducated and spoiled master knows no bounds. He believes that Dubrovsky does not attack his domain solely out of fear of the power of Troekurov. Absolute impunity, vindictiveness and lust for power overshadow the landlord's rare glimpses of nobility and remorse.

Troyekurov's adversary Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky is an honest, decisive and noble nobleman, but sometimes he is quick-tempered, envious, stubborn. Like Troekurov, he is prone to arbitrariness and prefers lynching, and treats the law with disdain. Dubrovsky senior demands that Paramoshka be extradited for punishment, he himself deals with the Troekurov men who stole the forest from him. Pushkin clearly shows in the novel that even the best representatives of the nobility put their lordly self-will above morality and law.

The conflict of the older generation destroys the fate of children. Vladimir Dubrovsky from a brilliant officer turns into a homeless outcast. Pushkin introduces us to his hero in different roles: a loving son who sincerely experiences the death of his father, a desperate avenger, a brave and cold-blooded French tutor, a chieftain of dashing robbers, an ardent lover.

Dubrovsky is a victim of violence and its weapon. Vladimir did not strive to become a robber, to live outside the law. At first he wanted to find justice for Troekurov "at the top." He was not going to kill the judges either. It was the blacksmith Arkhip who, with his cruel act, put Dubrovsky in a hopeless position. Vladimir became a criminal only when the legal way of solving the problem was closed to him.

Love for Masha in Dubrovsky's noble heart wins over the feeling of revenge. He forgives Troekurov, since the house where his daughter lives becomes sacred. Involuntary crimes weigh down the soul and conscience of a young man, and all attempts to become noble and honest end in failure.

Love only increases the suffering of Vladimir. He understands perfectly well that being the wife of a murderer and a robber is a cruel choice. Therefore, Dubrovsky does not offer Masha to run with him. He is ready to give her freedom from the despot of her father and the hated groom, when there is no other way out. Vladimir dreams of family happiness with his beloved, but he can sacrifice it for the girl's peace of mind. He accepts Masha's choice without objection.

Does Masha love Dubrovsky? The young girl rather sees in him a brave hero. She is attracted by the halo of mystery and romance surrounding the name of the young robber, flattered by his enthusiastic worship. But is this love? The heroine of Pushkin herself answers the question: "it is better to die, it is better to go to a monastery, it is better to follow Dubrovsky."

Critics have taken the novel differently. Some saw many weaknesses in him, others recognized high artistic merit. “This is one of the greatest creations of Pushkin's genius,” wrote Belinsky about the novel. For a long time, the work was included in the school curriculum, it was filmed many times. The opera of the same name was created based on the novel "Dubrovsky".