Influence of nature on human works. The problem of the beneficial influence of nature on humans (according to text B

• True and false patriotism is one of the central problems of the novel. Favorite heroes of Tolstoy do not speak lofty words about love for the motherland, they act in its name. Natasha Rostova persuades her mother to give the carts to the wounded near Borodino, Prince Bolkonsky was mortally wounded in the Borodino field. Genuine patriotism, according to Tolstoy, is in ordinary Russian people, soldiers who, in a moment of mortal danger, give their lives for their Motherland.
• In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace", some heroes think of themselves as patriots and loudly shout about love for the fatherland. Others give their lives for the sake of common victory. These are simple Russian men in soldier's greatcoats, soldiers from the Tushin battery, who fought without cover. True patriots do not think about their benefits. They feel the need to simply protect the land from enemy invasion. They have in their souls a genuine holy feeling of love for their homeland.

N.S. Leskov "The Enchanted Wanderer"

According to N.S. Leskov, "racial", patriotic, consciousness. It is imbued with all the actions of the hero of the story "The Enchanted Wanderer", Ivan Flyagin. Being held captive by the Tatars, he never for a moment forgets that he is Russian, and with all his heart strives for his homeland. Taking pity on the unfortunate old people, Ivan voluntarily goes to recruits. The hero's soul is inexhaustible, indestructible. He comes out with honor from all life trials.

V.P. Astafiev
In one of his publicistic articles, the writer V.P. Astafyev spoke about how he rested in the southern sanatorium. Plants from all over the world grew in the seaside park. But suddenly he saw three birches, which miraculously took root in a foreign land. The author looked at these trees and recalled his village street. Love for one's small homeland is a manifestation of true patriotism.

The Legend of Pandora's Box.
The woman found a strange box in her husband's house. She knew that this object was fraught with a terrible danger, but her curiosity was so strong that she could not stand it and opened the lid. All sorts of troubles flew out of the box and scattered around the world. This myth is a warning to all mankind: rash actions on the path of knowledge can lead to a disastrous ending.

M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"
In M. Bulgakov's story, Professor Preobrazhensky transforms a dog into a man. Scientists are driven by the thirst for knowledge, the desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns into dire consequences: a two-legged creature with " dog heart"- this is not a man yet, because there is no soul in him, no love, honor, nobility.

N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace".
The problem is revealed on the example of the images of Kutuzov, Napoleon, Alexander I. A person who is aware of his responsibility to his homeland, people, who knows how to understand them at the right time, is truly great. Such is Kutuzov, such are the ordinary people in the novel, who do their duty without high phrases.

A. Kuprin. "Wonderful Doctor".
The man, exhausted by poverty, is ready to commit suicide in despair, but the famous doctor Pirogov, who happened to be nearby, speaks to him. He helps the unfortunate, and from that moment on, the life of the hero and his family changes in the happiest way. This story speaks volumes about the fact that the act of one person can affect the fate of other people.

And S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons".
A classic piece that shows the problem of misunderstanding between the older and younger generations. Evgeny Bazarov feels like a stranger and an older Kirsanov, and his parents. And, although, by his own admission, he loves them, his attitude brings them grief.

L. N. Tolstoy. Trilogy "Childhood", "Boyhood", "Youth".
Striving to know the world, to become an adult, Nikolenka Irtenev gradually learns the world, realizes that much in it is imperfect, encounters a misunderstanding of elders, sometimes offends them (chapters "Classes", "Natalia Savishna")

K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram".
The girl Nastya, living in Leningrad, receives a telegram stating that her mother is sick, but affairs that seem important to her do not allow her to go to her mother. When she, realizing the magnitude of the possible loss, arrives in the village, it is too late: the mother is gone ...

V. G Rasputin "French Lessons".
The teacher Lidia Mikhailovna from the story of V.G. Rasputin taught the hero not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness, sympathy, compassion. She showed the hero how important it is to be able to share someone else's pain with a person, how important it is to understand another.

An example from history.

The great Emperor Alexander II was taught by the famous poet V. Zhukovsky. It was he who instilled in the future ruler a sense of justice, the desire to benefit his people, the desire to carry out the reforms necessary for the state.

V.P. Astafiev. "A horse with a pink mane."
Difficult pre-war years of a Siberian village. The formation of the hero's personality under the influence of the kindness of his grandmother and grandfather.

V. G Rasputin "French Lessons"

• The formation of the personality of the protagonist in the difficult war years was influenced by the teacher. Her spiritual generosity is limitless. She instilled in him moral fortitude, self-esteem.

Leo Tolstoy "Childhood", "Adolescence", "Youth"
In an autobiographical trilogy main character, Nikolenka Irteniev, comprehends the world of adults, tries to analyze his own and other people's actions.

Fazil Iskander "The Thirteenth Feat of Hercules"

A smart and competent teacher has a huge impact on the formation of a child's character.

And A. Goncharov "Oblomov"
The atmosphere of laziness, unwillingness to learn, to think disfigures the soul little Ilya... In adulthood, these shortcomings prevented him from finding the meaning of life.

The absence of a goal in life, the habits of work formed a “superfluous person”, “an unwilling egoist”.

The absence of a goal in life, the habits of work formed a “superfluous person”, “an unwilling egoist”. Pechorin admits that he brings misfortune to everyone. Improper upbringing disfigures the human personality.

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
Education and training are the main aspects of human life. Chatsky expressed his attitude towards them in monologues, main character comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". He criticized the nobles who recruited "regiment teachers" for their children, but as a result of literacy, no one "knew and did not study." Chatsky himself had a mind "hungry for knowledge", and therefore turned out to be unnecessary in the society of the Moscow nobles. These are the flaws of wrong parenting.

B. Vasiliev "My Horses Are Flying"
Dr. Jansen died saving children who fell into a sewer pit. A man who was revered as a saint even during his lifetime was buried by the whole city.

Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
Self-sacrifice of Margarita for her beloved.

V.P. Astafiev "Lyudochka"
In the episode with a dying man, when everyone left him, only Lyudochka took pity on him. And after his death, everyone only pretended that they felt sorry for him, everyone except Lyudochka. A verdict on a society in which people are deprived of human warmth.

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"
The story tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person strength for life, strength in order to resist fate.

V. Hugo "Les Miserables"
The writer in the novel tells the story of a thief. After spending the night in the bishop's house, in the morning this thief stole a silver dish from him. But an hour later, the police arrested the criminal and took him to the house, where he was given an overnight stay. The priest said that this man did not steal anything, that he took all the things with the permission of the owner. The thief, amazed by what he heard, experienced a true rebirth in one minute, and after that he became an honest man.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince"
There is an example of just power: "But he was very kind, and therefore gave only reasonable orders." If I tell my general to turn into a sea gull, - he used to say, - and if the general does not follow the order, it will not be his fault, but mine. " ...

A.I. Kuprin. "Garnet bracelet"
The author claims that nothing is permanent, everything is temporary, everything passes and goes away. Only music and love affirm true values on the ground.

Fonvizin "Minor"
They say that many noble children, recognizing themselves in the image of the idler Mitrofanushka, experienced a genuine rebirth: they began to study diligently, read a lot and grew up worthy sons of the motherland.

L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"

• What is human greatness? It is where goodness, simplicity and justice are. This is exactly what L.N. Tolstoy image of Kutuzov in the novel "War and Peace". The writer calls him a truly great man. Tolstoy takes his favorite heroes away from "Napoleonic" principles and puts them on the path of rapprochement with the people. "Greatness is not where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth," the writer argued. This famous phrase has a modern sound.
• One of the central problems of the novel is the role of personality in history. This problem is revealed in the images of Kutuzov and Napoleon. The writer believes that there is no greatness where there is no kindness and simplicity. According to Tolstoy, a person whose interests coincide with the interests of the people can influence the course of history. Kutuzov understood the mood and desires of the masses, so he was great. Napoleon thinks only of his own greatness, therefore he is doomed to defeat.

I. Turgenev. "Notes of a Hunter"
People, having read bright, vivid stories about peasants, realized that it is immoral to own people like cattle. In the Tran, a broad movement began to abolish serfdom.

Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"
After the war, many Soviet soldiers who were captured by the enemy were condemned as traitors to their homeland. M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man", which shows the bitter lot of a soldier, made society look differently at the tragic fate of prisoners of war. A law was passed on their rehabilitation.

A.S. Pushkin
Speaking about the role of personality in history, one can recall the poetry of the great A. Pushkin. He has influenced more than one generation with his gift. He saw, heard what an ordinary person did not notice and did not understand. The poet spoke about the problems of spirituality in art, and his high appointment was in the poems "Prophet", "Poet", "I erected a monument not made by hands." Reading these works, you understand: talent is not only a gift, but also a heavy burden, a great responsibility. The poet himself was an example of civil behavior for subsequent generations.

V.M. Shukshin "Chudik"
"Chudik" is an absent-minded person, it may seem ill-mannered. And what prompts him to commit strange acts are positive, unselfish motives. Chudik reflects on the problems of concern to humanity at all times: what is the meaning of life? What are good and evil? Who in this life is “right, who is smarter”? And by all his actions he proves that he is right, and not those who believe

I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov"
This is the image of a person who only wanted. He wanted to change his life, he wanted to rebuild the life of the estate, he wanted to raise children ... But he did not have the strength to realize these desires, so his dreams remained dreams.

M. Gorky in the play "At the Bottom".
He showed the drama of “former people” who lost the strength to fight for their own sake. They hope for something good, they understand that they need to live better, but they do nothing in order to change their fate. It is no accident that the action of the play begins in a flophouse and ends there.

From the history

• Ancient historians say that one day a stranger came to the Roman emperor, who brought a gift shiny like silver, but extremely soft metal. The master told that he mines this metal from the clay-sting earth. The emperor, fearing that the new metal would devalue his treasures, ordered the inventor's head to be cut off.
• Archimedes, knowing that man is suffering from drought, from hunger, proposed new ways of irrigating the land. Thanks to its discovery, the yield increased sharply, people stopped being afraid of hunger.
• Prominent scientist Fleming discovered penicillin. This drug has saved the lives of millions of people who previously died of blood poisoning.
• An English engineer in the middle of the 19th century proposed an improved cartridge. But officials from the military department arrogantly told him: "We are already strong, only the weak need to improve weapons."
• The famous scientist Jenner, who defeated smallpox with the help of vaccinations, was inspired by the words of an ordinary peasant woman. The doctor told her that she had smallpox. To this the woman calmly replied: "It cannot be, because I already had cowpox." The doctor did not consider these words the result of dark ignorance, but began to conduct observations, which led to a brilliant discovery.
• The early Middle Ages are usually called the "dark ages". The raids of the barbarians, the destruction of the ancient civilization led to a deep decline in culture. It was difficult to find a literate person not only among the commoners, but also among the people of the upper class. For example, the founder of the Frankish state, Charlemagne, did not know how to write. However, the thirst for knowledge is originally inherent in man. The same Charlemagne, during his campaigns, always carried with him wax writing tablets, on which, under the guidance of teachers, he painstakingly inscribed letters.
• For millennia, ripe apples fell from the trees, but no one attached any significance to this common phenomenon. The great Newton had to be born in order to look at the familiar fact with new, more penetrating eyes and discover the universal law of motion.
• It is impossible to calculate how many misfortunes have been brought to people by their ignorance. In the Middle Ages, any misfortune: illness of a child, death of livestock, rain, drought, crop failure, loss of any thing - everything was explained by the origin of evil spirits. A fierce witch-hunt began, and bonfires burned. Instead of curing diseases, improving agriculture, helping each other, people spent enormous energy on a meaningless struggle with the mythical "servants of Satan", not realizing that with their blind fanaticism, their dark ignorance, they are serving the Devil.
• It is difficult to overestimate the role of a mentor in human development. There is a curious legend about the meeting of Socrates with Xenophon, the future historian. Once talking with a stranger young man, Socrates asked him where to go to get flour and butter. Young Xenophon replied briskly: "To the market." Socrates asked: "What about wisdom and virtue?" The young man was surprised. "Follow me, I'll show you!" - promised Socrates. And he connected the famous teacher and his student with a strong friendship over the years to the truth.
• The desire to learn new things lives in each of us, and sometimes this feeling takes over a person so much that it makes him change life path... Today, few people know that Joule, who discovered the law of conservation of energy, was a cook. The ingenious Faraday began his journey as a peddler in a shop. And Coulomb worked as an engineer for serf structures and physics, giving only his free time from work. For these people, the search for something new has become the meaning of life.
• New ideas make their way in a difficult struggle with old views, established opinions. So, one of the professors, lectured students in physics, called Einstein's theory of relativity "an annoying scientific misunderstanding" -
• At one time, Joule used a voltaic battery to start an electric motor he had assembled from it. But the battery soon ran out, and the new one was very expensive. Joule decided that the horse would never be supplanted by an electric motor, since it was much cheaper to feed the horse than to change the zinc in the battery. Today, when electricity is used everywhere, the opinion of an outstanding scientist seems naive to us. This example shows that it is very difficult to predict the future, it is difficult to contemplate the possibilities that will open before a person.
• In the middle of the 17th century, from Paris to the island of Martinique, Captain de Clieu was carrying a stalk of coffee in a pot of earth. The voyage was very difficult: the ship survived a fierce battle with pirates, a terrible storm nearly smashed it on the rocks. On the ship, the masts were not broken, the gear was broken. Fresh water supplies gradually began to run out. She was given out in strictly metered portions. The captain, barely keeping his feet from thirst, gave the last drops of precious moisture to the green sprout ... Several years passed, and coffee trees covered the island of Martinique.

I. Bunin in the story "The gentleman from San Francisco".
He showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and this god he worshiped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that real happiness passed by the person: he died without knowing what life is.

Yesenin. "Black man".
The poem "The Black Man" is the cry of Yesenin's dying soul, it is a requiem for the life left behind. Yesenin, like no one else, was able to tell what life does to a person.

Mayakovsky. "Listen."
The inner conviction of the correctness of their moral ideals separated Mayakovsky from other poets, from the usual course of life. This isolation gave rise to a spiritual protest against the philistine environment, where there were no high spiritual ideals. The poem is the cry of the poet's soul.

Zamyatin "The Cave".
The hero comes into conflict with himself, a split occurs in his soul. His spiritual values \u200b\u200bperish. He violates the commandment "Do not steal."

V. Astafiev "The Tsar is a Fish".

• In V. Astafiev's story "The Tsar is a Fish" the main character, the fisherman Utrobin, having caught a huge fish on a hook, is unable to cope with it. For this, in order to avoid death, he is forced to release her free. An encounter with a fish, which symbolizes a moral principle in nature, makes this poacher reconsider his ideas about life. In moments of desperate struggle with the fish, he suddenly remembers his whole life, realizing that how little he has done for other people. This meeting changes the hero morally.
• Nature is alive and spiritualized, endowed with morally punishing power, it is capable not only of defending itself, but also of not retribution. The fate of Gosha Gertsev, the hero of Astafiev's story "The Tsar is a Fish", serves as an illustration of the punishing power. This hero is not a punishment for arrogant cynicism towards people and towards nature. Punishing power extends not only to individual heroes. The imbalance poses a threat to all of humanity if it is not understood in its intentional or forced cruelty.

I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

• People forget that nature is their native and only home that requires a careful attitude towards itself, which is confirmed in the novel by Ivan Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The main character, Evgeny Bazarov, is known for his categorical position: "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and a person is a worker in it." This is how the Author sees in him a "new" person: he is indifferent to the values \u200b\u200baccumulated by previous generations, lives in the present and uses everything he needs, without thinking about what consequences this may lead to.
• The novel by I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" raises the actual topic of the relationship between nature and man. Bazarov, rejecting any aesthetic enjoyment of nature, perceives it as a workshop, and a person as a worker. Arkady, Bazarov's friend, on the contrary, treats her with all the admiration inherent in a young soul. In the novel, each character is tested by nature. Communication with the outside world helps Arkady to heal his emotional wounds, for him this unity is natural and pleasant. Bazarov, on the contrary, does not seek contact with her - when Bazarov felt bad, he "went into the forest and broke branches." She does not give him the desired peace of mind or peace of mind. Thus, Turgenev emphasizes the need for a fruitful and two-way dialogue with nature.

M. Bulgakov. "Dog's heart".
Professor Preobrazhensky transplants a part of the human brain to the dog Sharik, turning a quite cute dog into a disgusting Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. You cannot mindlessly interfere with nature!

A. Block
The problem of a thoughtless, cruel person towards the natural world is reflected in many literary works. To fight it, you need to realize and see the harmony and beauty that reigns around us. The works of A. Blok will help in this. With what love he describes Russian nature in his poems! Vast distances, endless roads, full-flowing rivers, blizzards and gray huts. Such is Blok's Russia in the poems "Rus", "Autumn Day". The poet's true filial love for his native nature is transmitted to the reader. You come to the idea that nature is original, beautiful and needs our protection.

B. Vasiliev "Don't Shoot White Swans"

• Now, when nuclear power plants explode, when oil flows along rivers and seas, and whole forests disappear, a person must stop and think about the question: what will remain on our planet? In B. Vasiliev's novel "Don't Shoot White Swans", the author's idea about the responsibility of man for nature also sounds. The protagonist of the novel, Yegor Polushkin, worries about the behavior of visiting "tourists", the lake empty at the hands of poachers. The novel is perceived as a call to everyone to protect our land and each other.
• The main character, Yegor Polushkin, loves nature infinitely, always works conscientiously, lives quietly, but always turns out to be guilty. The reason for this is that Yegor could not violate the harmony of nature, he was afraid to invade the living world. But people did not understand him, they considered him not adapted to life. He said that man is not the king of nature, but her eldest son. In the end, he dies at the hands of those who do not understand the beauty of nature, who are used only to conquer it. But the son is growing up. Who can replace his father, will respect and protect his native land.

V. Astafiev "Belogrudka"
In the story "Belohrudok" the children killed a brood of a white-breasted marten, and she, mad with grief, takes revenge on all the surrounding world, destroying poultry in two neighboring villages, until she herself dies from a rifle charge

Ch.Aitmatov "Plakha"
Man destroys the multicolored and populous world of nature with his own hands. The writer warns that the senseless extermination of animals is a threat to earthly prosperity. The position of the "king" in relation to animals is fraught with tragedy.

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" the main character could not find spiritual harmony, cope with the "Russian blues", including because he was indifferent to nature. And the author's “sweet ideal” Tatiana felt herself to be a part of nature (“She loved to warn the dawn of the sunrise on the balcony ...”) and therefore showed herself in a difficult life situation as a spiritually strong person.

A.T. Tvardovsky "Forest in the fall"
Reading Tvardovsky's poem "Forest in Autumn", you are imbued with the pristine beauty of the surrounding world, nature. You hear the noise of bright yellow foliage, the crackle of a broken knot. You see a light jump of a squirrel. I would like not only to admire, but to try to preserve all this beauty as long as possible.

L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Natasha Rostova, admiring the beauty of the night in Otradnoye, is ready to fly like a bird: she is inspired by what she has seen. She enthusiastically tells Sonya about the wonderful night, about the feelings that overwhelm her soul. Andrei Bolkonsky also knows how to subtly feel the beauty of the surrounding nature. During a trip to Otradnoye, seeing an old oak tree, he compares himself to it, indulging in sad reflections that life has already ended for him. But the changes that subsequently took place in the soul of the hero are associated with the beauty and grandeur of a mighty tree that blossomed under the rays of the sun.

V.I.Yurovskikh Vasily Ivanovich Yurovskikh
Writer Vasily Ivanovich Yurovskikh, in his stories tells about the unique beauty and wealth of the Trans-Urals, about the natural connection of a village man with the natural world, therefore his story "Ivan's memory" is so touching. In this small piece, the Yurovskikh raises an important issue: the human impact on the environment. Ivan, the main character of the story, planted several willow bushes in the swamp, which frightened people and animals. Many years later. The nature around has changed: all sorts of birds began to settle in the bush, the magpie every year began to make a nest, and the magpies began to hatch. Nobody else wandered through the forest, because the telnik became a guide on how to find the right way. Near the bush, you can take shelter from the heat, drink some water, and just relax. Ivan left a good memory of himself among people, and ennobled the surrounding nature.

M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
A close emotional connection between man and nature can be traced in Lermontov's story "A Hero of Our Time". The events in the life of the main character, Grigory Pechorin, are accompanied by a change in the state of nature in accordance with the changes in his mood. So, considering the scene of the duel, the gradation of the states of the surrounding world and the feelings of Pechorin is obvious. If before the duel the sky seemed to him “fresh and blue”, and the sun “shining brightly”, then after the duel, looking at the corpse of Grushnitsky, the heavenly body seemed to Grigory “dull”, and its rays “did not warm”. Nature is not only the experience of the heroes, but is also one of actors... The thunderstorm becomes the reason for the long meeting between Pechorin and Vera, and in one of the diary entries preceding the meeting with Princess Mary, Grigory notes that "the air of Kislovodsk is conducive to love." With such an allegory, Lermontov not only more deeply and fully reflects the inner state of the heroes, but also denotes his own, author's presence by introducing nature as a character.

E. Zamyatina "We"
Referring to classical literature, I would like to cite as an example the anti-utopian novel "We" by E. Zamyatin. Rejecting the natural beginning, the inhabitants of the One State become numbers, whose life is determined by the framework of the Hourly Tablet. Beauty native nature replaced by perfectly proportioned glass structures, and love is only possible with a pink card. The main character, D-503, is doomed to mathematically verified happiness, which is acquired, however, after the removal of fantasy. It seems to me that with such an allegory Zamyatin tried to express the inseparability of the connection between nature and man.

S. Yesenin "Goy you, Russia, my dear"
One of the central themes of the lyrics of the brightest poet of the XX century S. Yesenin is nature native land... In the poem "Goy you, Russia, my dear" the poet renounces paradise for the sake of his homeland, her flock above the eternal bliss, which, judging by other lyrics, he finds only on Russian soil. Thus, feelings of patriotism and love for nature are closely intertwined. The very realization of their gradual weakening is the first step towards a natural, real peace, enriching the soul and body.

M. Prishvin "Ginseng"
This theme is brought to life by moral and ethical motives. Many writers and poets have turned to her. In M. Prishvin's story "Ginseng", the heroes know how to be silent and listen to silence. For the author, nature is life itself. Therefore, his rock is crying, the stone has a heart. It is a person who must do everything so that nature exists and does not fall silent. This is very important nowadays.

I.S. Turgenev "Notes of a Hunter"
IS Turgenev expressed his deep and tender love for nature in the Notes of a Hunter. He did this with keen observation. The hero of the story "Kasyan" traveled half of the country from the Beautiful Mosque, happily recognizing and exploring new places. This man felt his inextricable connection with his mother - nature and dreamed that "every man" would live in contentment and justice. It would not hurt us to learn from him.

M. Bulgakov. "Fatal eggs"
Professor Persikov accidentally, instead of large chickens, breeds giant reptiles that threaten civilization. Such consequences can lead to thoughtless interference in the life of nature.

Ch. Aitmatov "Plakha"
Ch. Aitmatov in the novel "Plakha" showed that the destruction of the natural world leads to a dangerous deformation of a person. And this happens everywhere. What is happening in the Moyunkum Savannah is a global issue, not a local issue.

A closed model of the world in the novel by E.I. Zamyatin "We".
1) The appearance and principles of the One State. 2) The narrator, number D - 503, and his spiritual illness. 3) "Resistance of human nature". In dystopias, a world based on the same premises is given through the eyes of its inhabitant, an ordinary citizen, from the inside, in order to trace and show the feelings of a person who undergoes the laws of an ideal state. The conflict between the personality and the totalitarian system becomes the driving force of any dystopia, allowing one to identify dystopian features in the most diverse at first glance works ... The society depicted in the novel has reached material perfection and stopped in its development, plunged into a state of spiritual and social entropy.

A.P. Chekhov in the story "Death of an Official"

B.Vasiliev "Not included in the lists"
The works make you think about the questions that everyone seeks to answer: what is behind the high moral choice - what are the forces of the human mind, soul, fate, what helps a person to resist, to show amazing, amazing vitality, helps to live and die “like a human being”?

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"
Despite the difficulties and trials that fell to the lot of the main character Andrei Sokolov, he always remained faithful to himself and his homeland. Nothing broke the spiritual strength in him and did not eradicate the sense of duty in him.

A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter».

Petr Grinev is a man of honor, in any life situation he acts as honor tells him. Even his ideological enemy, Pugachev, could appreciate the hero's nobility. That is why he helped Grinev more than once.

Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace".

The Bolkonsky family is the personification of honor and nobility. Prince Andrew always put the laws of honor in the first place, followed them, even if it required incredible efforts, suffering, pain.

Loss of spiritual values

B. Vasiliev "Glukhoman"
The events of Boris Vasiliev's story “Glukhoman” allow us to see how in today's life the so-called “new Russians” strive to enrich themselves at any cost. Spiritual values \u200b\u200bhave been lost because the culture has left our lives. The society split, in it the bank account became the measure of a person's merits. Moral deafness began to grow in the souls of people who had lost faith in goodness and justice.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich, the hero of the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is a nobleman, but he is dishonest: having wooed Masha Mironova and being refused, he takes revenge by speaking ill of her; during a duel with Grinev, he stabs him in the back. The complete loss of the idea of \u200b\u200bhonor predetermines social betrayal: as soon as Belogorsk fortress goes to Pugachev, Shvabrin goes over to the side of the rebels.

Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace".

Helen Kuragina deceives Pierre, then lies to him all the time, being a wife, shames him, makes him unhappy. The heroine uses lies to get rich, to gain a good position in society.

NV Gogol "The Inspector General".

Khlestakov is deceiving officials, impersonating an auditor. Trying to impress, he composes many stories about his life in St. Petersburg. And he lies so delightfully that he himself begins to believe his stories, feels important and significant.

D.S. Likhachev in "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful"
D.S. Likhachev, in "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful," tells how he felt daring when he learned that in 1932 the cast-iron monument on the grave of Bagration was blown up on the Borodino field. Then someone left a giant inscription on the wall of the monastery, built on the site of the death of another hero - Tuchkov: "Enough to keep the remnants of the slave past!" In the late 60s, the Travel Palace was demolished in Leningrad, which, even during the war, our soldiers tried to preserve, not to destroy. Likhachev believes that "the loss of any cultural monument is irreparable: they are always individual."

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

• In the Rostov family, everything was built on sincerity and kindness, respect for each other and understanding, therefore the children - Natasha, Nikolay, Petya - became really good people.They are responsive to other people's pain, they are able to understand feelings and suffering others. Suffice it to recall the episode when Natasha gives the order to free the carts loaded with their family values, in order to give them to the wounded soldiers.
• And in the Kuragin family, where career and money decided everything, both Helen and Anatole are immoral egoists. Both are looking for only benefits in life. They don't know what it is true love and are ready to exchange their feelings for wealth.

A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
In the story "The Captain's Daughter", his father's instructions helped Pyotr Grinev, even in the most critical moments, to remain an honest man, true to himself and to duty. Therefore, the hero commands respect for his behavior.

N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
Following his father's behest "to save a drink", Chichikov devoted his whole life to accumulation, turning into a man without shame and conscience. From his school years he valued only money, so in his life he never had true friends, a family that the hero dreamed of.

L. Ulitskaya "Daughter of Bukhara"
Bukhara, the heroine of L. Ulitskaya's story "The Daughter of Bukhara", accomplished a maternal feat, devoting all of herself to the upbringing of her daughter Mila, who had Down's syndrome. Even being terminally ill, the mother thought through the whole future life of her daughter: she got a job, found her a new family, a husband, and only after that she allowed herself to leave life.

Zakrutkin V. A. "Mother of man"
Maria, the heroine of Zakrutkin's story "Mother of Man", during the war, having lost her son and husband, took responsibility for her newly born child and for other people's children, saved them, became a Mother for them. And when the first Soviet soldiers entered the burned-out farm, it seemed to Maria that she had given birth not only to her son, but to all the children of the world destitute by the war. That is why she is the Mother of Man.

K.I. Chukovsky "Alive as life"
K.I. Chukovsky in his book "Living as Life" analyzes the state of the Russian language, our speech and comes to disappointing conclusions: we ourselves distort and disfigure our great and powerful language.

I.S. Turgenev
- Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this property passed on to us by our predecessors, among whom Pushkin shines again! Treat this powerful tool with respect: in the hands of the skilled, it is capable of performing miracles ... Protect the purity of your language as a sacred thing!

K.G. Paustovsky
- You can work wonders with the Russian language. There is nothing in life and in our minds that cannot be conveyed by the Russian word ... There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language.

A. P. Chekhov "Death of an official"
The official Chervyakov in the story of A.P. Chekhov “The Death of an Official” is incredibly infected with the spirit of honor: sneezing and burping the bald spot in front of the sitting General Bryzzhalov (who did not pay attention to it), the hero was so frightened, that after repeated humiliated requests to forgive him, he died of fear.

A. P. Chekhov "Thick and Thin"
The hero of Chekhov's story "Fat and Thin", an official Porfiry, met a school friend at the station of the Nikolayevskaya railway and learned that he was a secret adviser, that is, in the service has moved much higher. In an instant, the "thin" turns into a slave creature, ready to humiliate and fawn.

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
Molchalin, the negative character of the comedy, is sure that one should please not only "all people without exception", but even "the janitor's dog, so that it was affectionate." The need to tirelessly please gave rise to his romance with Sophia, the daughter of his master and benefactor Famusov. Maxim Petrovich, the "character" of the historical anecdote that Famusov tells Chatsky in order to win the Empress's favor, turned into a jester, amusing her with ridiculous falls.

I. S. Turgenev. "Mu Mu"
The fate of the mute serf Gerasim, Tatiana is decided by the lady. A person has no rights. What could be worse?

I. S. Turgenev. "Notes of a Hunter"
In the story "Biryuk" the main character, a forester, nicknamed Biryuk, lives poorly, despite the conscientious fulfillment of his duties. The social structure of life is unfair.

N. A. Nekrasov "Railway"
The poem tells about who built the railway. These are workers who have been mercilessly exploited. The arrangement of life, where arbitrariness reigns, is worthy of condemnation. In the poem "Reflections at the front entrance": peasants came from distant villages with a petition to the nobleman, but they were not accepted, they were driven away. Power does not consider the position of the people.

L. N. Tolstoy "After the ball"
Shows the division of Russia into two parts, rich and poor. The social world is unfair to the weak.

N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
There can be nothing sacred or right in a world ruled by tyranny, wild and insane.

V.V. Mayakovsky

• In the play The Bedbug, Pierre Skripkin dreamed that his house would be a “full bowl”. Another hero, a former worker, claims: "Whoever fought has the right to rest by a quiet river." This position was alien to Mayakovsky. He dreamed of the spiritual growth of his contemporaries.

I. S. Turgenev "Notes of a Hunter"
The personality of each is important for the development of the state, but not always talented people can develop their abilities for the benefit of society. For example, in “Notes of a Hunter” by I.S. Turgenev, there are people whose talents are not needed by the country. Yakov ("The Singers") drinks himself into a pub. The truth-seeker Mitya ("Odnodvorets Ovsyannikov") stands up for the serfs. Forester Biryuk is responsible for his service, and lives in poverty. Such people turned out to be unnecessary. They even laugh at them. It’s not fair.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn "One day of Ivan Denisovich"
Despite the dire details of camp life and the unfair organization of society, Solzhenitsyn's works are optimistic in spirit. The writer proved that even in the last degree of humiliation it is possible to keep a person in oneself.

A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
A person who is not used to working does not find a worthy place for himself in the life of society.

M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
Pechorin says that he felt strength in his soul, but did not know what to apply them to. Society is such that it does not have a worthy place for an outstanding personality.

And A. Goncharov. "Oblomov"
Ilya Oblomov, a kind and talented person, could not overcome himself and reveal his best features. The reason is the lack of high goals in the life of society.

A.M. Gorky
Many heroes of M. Gorky's stories talk about the meaning of life. The old gypsy Makar Chudra wondered why people work. The heroes of the story "On Salt" found themselves in the same impasse. Around them - cars, salt dust, eating away the eyes. However, no one was embittered. Even such oppressed people are born good feelings... The meaning of life, according to Gorky, is in work. Everyone will begin to work conscientiously - you look, and we will all become richer and better together. After all, "the wisdom of life is always deeper and broader than the wisdom of people."

M. I. Weller "The Novel of Education"
The meaning of life is in the one who himself devotes his activities for the sake of the cause that he considers necessary. This makes one think about the "Novel of Education" by MI Weller, one of the most published modern russian writers... Indeed, there have always been a lot of purposeful people, and now they live among us.

L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"

• The best heroes of the novel, Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, saw the meaning of life in the desire for moral self-improvement. Each of them wanted "to be quite good, to do good to people."
• All of Leo Tolstoy's favorite heroes were busy with an intense spiritual search. Reading the novel "War and Peace", it is difficult not to treat with sympathy for Prince Bolkonsky, a thinking, seeking person. He read a lot, knew about everything. The hero found the meaning of his own life in the defense of the Fatherland. Not for the sake of an ambitious desire for fame, but because of the love of the motherland.
• In search of the meaning of life, a person must choose his own direction. In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, the fate of Andrei Bolkonsky is a difficult path of moral losses and discoveries. The important thing is that, walking along this thorny road, he retained true human dignity. It is no coincidence that MI Kutuzov will tell the hero: "Your road is the road of honor." I also like extraordinary people, trying to live is not useless.

I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
Even the failures and disappointments of an extraordinary talented person are significant for society. For example, in the novel Fathers and Sons, Evgeny Bazarov, a fighter for democracy, called himself unnecessary for Russia. However, his views anticipate the emergence of people capable of greater deeds and noble deeds.

V. Bykov "Sotnikov"
The problem of moral choice: which is better - to save your life at the cost of betrayal (as the hero of the story Rybak does) or die not as a hero (no one will know about Sotnikov's heroic death), but to die with dignity. Sotnikov makes a difficult moral choice: he dies, retaining his human appearance.

M. M. Prishvin "Pantry of the sun"
Mitrasha and Nastya were left without parents during the Great Patriotic War. But hard work helped young children not only survive, but also earn the respect of their fellow villagers.

And P. Platonov "In a beautiful and furious world"
The machinist Maltsev is completely devoted to work, his favorite profession. During a thunderstorm, he became blind, but the devotion of a friend, love for his chosen profession, perform a miracle: he, having got on his favorite locomotive, regains his sight.

A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
The main character all her life has been accustomed to working, helping other people, and although she has not gained any benefits, she remains a pure soul, a righteous woman.

Ch. Aitmatov Roman "Mother's Field"
The leitmotif of the novel is the spiritual responsiveness of hardworking rural women. Aliman, no matter what happens, has been working on a farm, in a melon, in a greenhouse since dawn. She feeds the country, people! And the writer sees nothing above this share, this honor.

A.P. Chekhov. The story "Ionych"

• Dmitry Ionych Startsev has chosen an excellent profession. He became a doctor. However, the lack of perseverance and perseverance made the once good doctor a simple man in the street, for whom the main thing in life was money-grubbing and his own well-being. So, it is not enough to choose the right future profession, you need to keep yourself morally and morally in it.
• There comes a time when each of us faces the choice of a profession. The hero of the story A.P. Chekhov "Ionych", Dmitry Startsev. The profession he has chosen is the most humane. However, having settled in a city where the most educated people were small and limited, Startsev did not find the strength to resist stagnation and inertia. The doctor has become a common man in the street who thinks little about his patients. So, the most valuable condition for not living a boring life is honest creative work, no matter what profession a person chooses.

N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"
A person who is aware of his responsibility to his homeland, people, who knows how to understand them at the right time, is truly great. Such is Kutuzov, such are the ordinary people in the novel, who do their duty without high phrases.

F. M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment"
Rodion Raskolnikov creates his own theory: the world is divided into those “who have the right” and “trembling creatures”. According to his theory, a person is capable of making history, like Mohammed, Napoleon. They commit atrocities in the name of "great goals". Raskolnikov's theory is failing. In reality, true freedom lies in subordinating one's aspirations to the interests of society, in the ability to make the right moral choice.

V. Bykov "Obelisk"
The problem of freedom can be traced especially clearly in the story of V. Bykov "Obelisk". Teacher Frost had a choice to stay alive or perish with his students. He always taught them goodness and justice. He had to choose death, but he remained a morally free man.

A.M. Bitter "At the bottom"
Is there any way in the world to break free from the vicious circle of life's worries and desires? M. Gorky tried to answer this question in the play "At the Bottom". In addition, the writer posed another vital question: is it possible to consider someone who has resigned themselves to be a free person. Thus, the contradictions between the truth of the slave and the freedom of the individual is an eternal problem.

A. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
Opposition to evil and tyranny attracted special attention of Russian writers of the 19th century. The oppressive power of evil is shown in the play by A. N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm". A young, gifted woman, Katerina, is a strong person. She found the strength to challenge tyranny. Conflict between the setting " dark kingdom”And a bright spiritual world, unfortunately, ended tragically.

A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Gulag Archipelago"
Pictures of bullying, cruel treatment of political prisoners.

A.A. Akhmatova Poem "Requiem"
This work is about the repeated arrests of her husband and son, the poem was written under the influence of numerous meetings with the mothers, relatives of prisoners in the Cross, a St. Petersburg prison.

N. Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad"
In Nekrasov's story there is a terrible truth about the heroism of those people who in a totalitarian state have always been considered "cogs" in the huge body of the state machine. The writer mercilessly condemned those who calmly sent people to death, who shot them for a lost sapper shovel, who kept people at bay.

V. Soloukhin
The secret of comprehending beauty, according to the famous publicist V. Soloukhin, is to admire life and nature. The beauty poured into the world will enrich us spiritually if we learn to contemplate it. The author is sure that you need to stop in front of her, "not thinking about time", only then will she "invite you to talk."

K. Paustovsky
The great Russian writer K. Paustovsky wrote that “you need to immerse yourself in nature, as if you immersed your face in a pile of leaves wet from the rain and felt their luxurious coolness, their smell, their breath. Simply put, nature must be loved, and this love will find the right ways to express itself with the greatest power. "

Y.Gribov
Modern publicist, writer Y. Gribov argued that "beauty lives in the heart of every person and it is very important to wake her up, not let her die without waking up."

V.Rasputin "Deadline"
Children from the city gathered at the bedside of their dying mother. Before her death, the mother seems to go to the judgment seat. She sees that between her and the children there is no previous mutual understanding, the children are disunited, they have forgotten about the lessons of morality received in childhood. Anna is leaving life, difficult and simple, with dignity, and her children still have to live and live. The story ends tragically. Hurrying on some business, children leave their mother to die alone. Unable to endure such a terrible blow, she dies that very night. Rasputin reproaches the children of the collective farmer for insincerity, moral coldness, forgetfulness and vanity.

K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram"
KG Paustovsky's story "Telegram" is not a banal story about a lonely old woman and an inattentive daughter. Paustovsky shows that Nastya is not soulless: she sympathizes with Timofeev, spends a lot of time organizing his exhibition. How could it happen that Nastya, caring about others, shows inattention to her own mother? It turns out that it is one thing to get carried away with work, to do it with all your heart, to give it all your strength, physical and mental, and it is another thing to remember about your loved ones, about your mother - the most sacred being in the world, not limited to money orders and short notes. Nastya failed to achieve harmony between worries about the “distant” and love for the closest person. This is the tragedy of her position, this is the reason for the feeling of irreparable guilt, unbearable heaviness, which visits her after the death of her mother and which will settle in her soul forever.

F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
The main character of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov, has done many good deeds. He is a kind-hearted person who takes other people's pain hard and always helps people. So Raskolnikov saves children from the fire, gives his last money to the Marmeladovs, tries to protect a drunk girl from the men who stick to her, worries about her sister Dunya, seeks to interfere with her marriage with Luzhin in order to protect her from humiliation, loves and regrets her mother, tries not to bother her with his problems. But Raskolnikov's trouble is that he chose a completely inappropriate means to fulfill such global goals. Unlike Raskolnikov, Sonya does truly beautiful deeds. She sacrifices herself for the sake of loved ones, because she loves them. Yes, Sonya is a harlot, but she did not have the opportunity to quickly earn money in an honest way, and her family was dying of hunger. This woman ruins herself, but her soul remains pure, because she believes in God and tries to do good to everyone, loving and compassionate in a Christian way.
Sonia's most beautiful act is to save Raskolnikov ..
The whole life of Sonya Marmeladova is self-sacrifice. With the power of her love, she raises Raskolnikov to herself, helps him to overcome his sin and rise again. In the actions of Sonya Marmeladova, all the beauty of a human act is expressed.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Pierre Bezukhov is one of the writer's favorite characters. Being at odds with his wife, feeling disgust for the life in the world that they lead, experiencing after their duel with Dolokhov, Pierre involuntarily asks eternal, but such important questions for him: “What's wrong? What well? Why live, and what am I? " And when one of the cleverest Masonic figures urges him to change his life and purify himself by serving good, to benefit his neighbor, Pierre sincerely believed "in the possibility of a brotherhood of people united in order to support each other on the path of virtue." And to achieve this goal, Pierre does everything. what he considers necessary: \u200b\u200bdonates money to the brotherhood, arranges schools, hospitals and orphanages, tries to make life easier for peasant women with small children. His actions are always in harmony with his conscience, and the feeling of righteousness gives him confidence in life.

Pontius Pilate sent innocent Yeshua to execution. For the rest of his life, the procurator was tormented by his conscience; he could not forgive himself for cowardice. The hero received peace only when Yeshuya himself forgave him and said that there was no execution.

FM Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

Raskolnikov killed the old woman-lender in order to prove to himself that he was a "superior" being. But after the crime, his conscience torments him, a persecution mania develops, the hero moves away from loved ones and relatives. In the finale of the novel, he repents of the murder, embarks on the path of spiritual healing.

M. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man"
M. Sholokhov has a wonderful story "The Fate of a Man". It tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who, during the war,
lost all relatives. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and desire
doing good gives a person the strength to live, the strength to resist fate.

Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace".

The Kuragin family are greedy, selfish, mean people. In pursuit of money and power, they are capable of any immoral deeds. So, for example, Helene deceived himself by marrying Pierre and using his wealth, bringing him a lot of suffering and humiliation.

NV Gogol "Dead Souls".

Plyushkin subordinated his whole life to hoarding. And if at first it was dictated by thrift, then his desire to save went beyond all boundaries, he saved on the bare essentials, lived, limiting himself in everything, and even broke off relations with his daughter, fearing that she was claiming his “wealth”.

Role of colors

IA Goncharov "Oblomov".

Oblomov in love gave Olga Ilyinskaya a branch of lilac. Lilac became a symbol of the hero's spiritual transformation: he became active, cheerful, cheerful when he fell in love with Olga.

M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita".

Thanks to the bright yellow flowers in the hands of Margarita, the Master saw her in the gray crowd. The heroes fell in love at first sight and carried their feelings through many trials.

M. Gorky.

The writer recalled that he learned a lot from books. He did not have the opportunity to get an education, therefore it was in books that he drew knowledge, an idea of \u200b\u200bthe world, knowledge of the laws of literature.

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".

Tatyana Larina grew up on romance novels... The books made her dreamy, romantic. She created for herself the ideal of a lover, the hero of her novel, whom she dreamed of meeting in real life.

Where nature is alive, the human soul is alive. In the novel in the ninth chapter "Oblomov's Dream" the author depicts a corner of Russia blessed by God. Oblomovka is a patriarchal paradise on earth.

The sky there, it seems, on the contrary, is pressed closer to the ground, but not in order to throw arrows stronger than arrows, but only in order to hug it tighter, with love: it stretched so low above your head, like a parent's reliable roof, in order to protect, it seems , a chosen corner from all adversity. The sun shines brightly and hot there for about six months and then moves away from there not suddenly, as if reluctantly, as if turning back to look again or twice at his favorite place and give him a clear, warm day in the fall, in the midst of bad weather.

All nature protects the inhabitants of Oblomovka from hardships, living life in such a blessed place, people are in harmony with the world and themselves. Their souls are pure, there are no dirty gossips, collisions, profit seeking. Everything is peaceful, friendly. Oblomov is a product of this world. He has kindness, soul, generosity, attention to his neighbor, which is why Stolz values \u200b\u200bhim so much and Olga fell in love with him.

2. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

The main character, the commoner Bazarov, by virtue of his convictions, considers nature not a temple, but a workshop. His point is that all trees are the same. However, arriving at his native estate, he tells Arkady that the aspen over the cliff was his talisman in childhood. Now he, they say, realizes that he was small and was looking for signs of goodness in everything. Why, then, during the development of his passionate feelings for Madame Odintsova, the freshness of the night bursting in through the window makes such an impression on him? He is ready to fall at the feet of Madame Odintsova, he hates himself for this feeling. Isn't this the influence of that very workshop for research and experimentation. It is a pity that the experience of Evgeny Bazarov will end so badly.

3. I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco"

A trip to Europe is not going according to the plan that was drawn up by a man who considers himself a master. Instead of a bright sun and bright days, nature meets the heroes gloomy, unsmiling: “The morning sun deceived every day: from midday it was invariably gray and began to sow rain, but it was getting thicker and colder; then the palms at the entrance of the hotel glittered with tin, "- this was such a nature, as if she did not want to give her warmth and light to these overly bored gentlemen. However, after the death of the master, the sky cleared, the sun shone, and over the whole world: “... a whole country, joyful, beautiful, sunny, stretched beneath them: the stony humps of the island, which was almost entirely at their feet, and that fabulous blue, in which he swam, and shining morning vapors over the sea to the east, under the dazzling sun, which was already hot, rising higher and higher, and the misty azure, still in the morning unsteady massifs of Italy, its near and distant mountains, the beauty of which is powerless to express the human word ". Only real people such as the famous fisherman Lorenzo can live next to such nature.

4. V.G. Rasputin "To the same land"

The main character, Pashuta, is a woman with an ambiguous fate who has devoted her entire life to the great Soviet construction project. Years have passed when the plant went into operation and began to produce products, the city lost its charm of a clean taiga settlement.

The city gradually acquired a different glory. Cheap electricity was used to melt aluminum at the world's largest plant, and cellulose was cooked at the world's largest timber complex. From fluorine, for tens and hundreds of miles around the withering forest, from methyl mercaptan, they hammered the windows in the apartments, sealed them, cracks and still went into a suffocating cough. Twenty years after the hydroelectric power station gave current, the city turned into one of the most dangerous to health. They built the city of the future, and built a slow-acting gas chamber in the open air.

People have lost touch with each other, every man for himself - this is the motto of this world. Destroying nature, we destroy ourselves, our future.

The school often gives creative tasks on a variety of topics, for example, "The influence of nature on humans." Essay of this level is found in high school and on the exam. Therefore, it is extremely important to learn how to fully disclose this topic, regardless of what format is needed: a mini-essay or a detailed presentation.

Plan

The first thing to start with is the plan for the work "The Influence of Nature on Man". An essay on this topic has several nuances: in addition to the creative side of the assignment, where the student argues from his own experience and point of view, it is necessary to indicate practical examples of the interaction between man and the environment. For example, mention that everyone on the planet depends on nature. An essay plan may look like this:

1. Introduction. The influence of nature on humans can be viewed from different points of view, the main thing is to indicate in the introduction the position from which this topic will be considered.
2. Main part. "The Influence of Nature on Man" is an essay-reasoning that has several features. Firstly, the topic can be disclosed both from the emotional-ethical and from the practical side. Secondly, these sides can be connected to obtain a detailed presentation.
3. Conclusion. In the last paragraph, it will be possible to mention that not only nature plays a significant role in human life, but man also exerts his influence on it. Based on the written material, it will be necessary to confirm the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe presentation.

Types of essays

The student may be required to write a mini-essay as a homework assignment. The structure of the plan will not have any special differences, you just need to express thoughts concisely, and discard unnecessary descriptions. It is important to remember that a mini-essay involves the disclosure of the topic briefly and to the point. You do not need to rush from one point of view to another to conclude that nature is irreplaceable and inseparable from human life.

If the "Influence of Nature on Man" - eGE composition, then here you can dream more. This task involves a detailed disclosure of the topic, therefore, if it is possible to trace in the essay how nature affects all spheres of human life, this must be done.

What to write about?

"The Influence of Nature on Man" is not an easy essay, often students, or even their parents, are wondering what they can write about:

1. Problems. Those who are not given peace of mind by the state of the environment can write about the problematic actions of people that destroy the environment. As an argument, you can use the work of Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", Bazarov talks about modern man so: "People have forgotten that nature is a temple, and turned it into a workshop."
2. Aesthetic and spiritual impact. You can write how the beauty of natural landscapes pacifies a person, gives him self-confidence and peace. Provokes creative activity. As a basis, you can take the work of M. Prishvin "The Pantry of the Sun" - the main characters understand the beauty of the world around them and know its secrets, so nature seems to them as their best friend.
3. Nurse. You can consider the issue of human dependence on the environment. "The influence of nature on man" (essay) is not only a task for creative activity, but also a work that suggests using logical and practical thinking: if natural resources were not so rich and conditions were more severe, humanity would not be able to survive.

Example of a mini-essay

"The influence of nature on humans" - an essay on literature, can be displayed in a mini-format. First, you need to identify a specific research topic. For example, consider the position of the work "The Influence of Nature on the Human Soul", it immediately indicates where the thoughts of the performer should be directed:

“Perhaps nature is able to exist without human intervention, but a person without its gifts will simply disappear.

If we assume that someday they will invent chemical biocomponents that can replace all natural substances, and the world will be covered with a dense ball of concrete firmaments, and everyone will live in abundance, then a person will hardly feel happy. The human soul cannot be fooled by solid walls and a complex of vitamins; it requires pacification and aesthetic pleasure. And nature in all its splendor offers this to man completely free of charge. The sparkling glare of azure waves, the chirping of thousands of birds, the scarlet imprint of a sunset, the endless dome of the starry sky - all this gives a person the opportunity to feel like a part of something greater.

Calmness, serenity and joy of life. It is these emotions that arise in a person observing nature. He wants to create and create. And such aspirations and feelings cannot be synthesized with the help of chemical preparations. "

Not only in the Russian language classes, but also in the literature lessons, one can come across the topic "Influence of nature on man." An essay on literature is written according to the general principle. However, for its correct presentation and presentation, it is recommended to use quotations from literary works or refer to books and poems by poets and writers.

You can recall L. Tolstoy and his immortal creation "War and Peace", pay special attention to the scene of the meeting of Prince Bolkonsky with an oak tree - this will be an excellent example of how nature affects a person, changing his thoughts and mood, correcting the past and directing to the future ... After all, whatever you say, but nature and man are one whole.

Composition of the exam:

Unnoticed in the hustle and bustle of days, transparent birch copses, willows hiding lake windows behind branches, linden alleys on the way to school and back ... Is the world around us able to influence our mood and perception of the world? The problem of the influence of nature on the state, feelings of a person is raised in the text proposed to me by the famous writer K.G. Paustovsky.

Revealing the problem, the author describes the feelings of the protagonist who found himself alone with nature on the banks of the Oka. Describing hazy visions of “age-old willows on the banks”, withered pastures and stripes of “emerald winter crops”, comparing the curling of cranes with the sounds of bubbling water “from a ringing glass vessel into another similar vessel”, K.G. Paustovsky shows the power of the influence of nature. It is no coincidence that the hero-narrator draws a parallel between the brilliant poem of M.Yu. Lermontov and the masterpieces of the surrounding world. The sun, playing with quivering gold, the air "strongly reeking of wine" and the thinnest ingot "of gold and bronze" of the autumn leaf - all this is perfect, from the point of view of the writer, an impeccable work that changed the hero's view of the world.
The author's position is beyond doubt. K.G. Paustovsky is convinced that even the smallest natural phenomenon can open in a person the ability to joyfully perceive the world. The rhetorical enthusiastic exclamation with which the text ends: "What can I say!"

To make sure that nature and its beauty are able to change a person's attitude and open it up to people, I was helped by the story of Y. Yakovlev "Awakened by Nightingales." Reading about little Selyuzhenka, together with him you feel alienation from both adults and children, the loneliness of the hero. It seemed that there was no such force that could arouse interest in a child and open the hero's soul for people. Surprisingly, nature has become a real salvation! Together with Selyuzhenok we, enchanted and delighted with the nightingale singing, stand motionless all night, fearing to break the thread that stretches between us and the moon. Reading the story, you understand that it was the meeting with the miracle of nature that helped the hero to throw off the old, useless skin and become himself.

I would like to substantiate my belief that nature is able to save a person's life by referring to F. Abramov's story "There is, there is such a medicine!" The writer introduces us to the main character - not like everyone else in the village, Baba Manya, who knows a special approach to birds. We see the heroine in a difficult period of her life: the doctors refused from her, small, old, sending a lady to die, saying that there is no medicine for old age. It would have happened if it had not been for the bird people she loved. The singing of the starlings, their knock on the window made the dying woman make an incredible effort on herself and get out of bed. The touching story of the relationship between birds and Baba Mani leaves no doubt: nature can help in the most difficult situations!

Text by G.K. Paustovsky is, of course, addressed to each of us and allows us to think about the power of nature's influence on a person's perception of the world, his attitude to what is happening around.

Text K.G. Paustovsky

(1) Autumn this year was - all through - dry and warm. (2) Birch groves did not turn yellow for a long time. (3) The grass did not fade for a long time. (4) Only the bluing haze (popularly called “mga”) covered the stretches on the Oka River and distant forests.

(5) "Mga" now thickened, then turned pale. (6) Then through it appeared, as through frosted glass, hazy visions of age-old willows on the banks, withered pastures and stripes of emerald winter crops.

(7) I was sailing in a boat down the river and suddenly I heard someone in the sky begin to carefully pour water from a ringing glass vessel into another similar vessel. (8) The water gurgled, tinkled, gurgled. (9) These sounds filled the entire space between the river and the firmament. (10) It was the cranes who were buzzing.

(11) I raised my head. (12) Large schools of cranes pulled one after another directly to the south. (13) They confidently and steadily walked south, where the sun played with trembling gold in the backwaters of the Oka, flew to a warm country with the elegiac name Tavrida.

(14) I dropped the oars and looked at the crane for a long time.

(15) Three days before this meeting with the cranes, a Moscow magazine asked me to write an article about what a "masterpiece" is, and tell about some literary masterpiece. (16) In other words, about a perfect and impeccable work.

(17) I chose Lermontov's poems "Testament".

(18) Now on the river I thought that masterpieces exist not only in art, but also in nature. (19) Is not this a masterpiece of the cry of cranes and their majestic flight along the airways that have been unchanged for many millennia?

(20) The birds said goodbye to Central Russia, with its swamps and thickets. (21) From there the autumn air was already oozing, giving off a strong wine.

(22) What can I say! (23) Each autumn leaf was a masterpiece, the finest ingot of gold and bronze, sprinkled with cinnabar and niello.

(K.G. Paustovsky)

Essay on the topic “The problem of the influence of nature on humans. Why does not everyone perceive the beauty of nature ?! " 4.00 /5 (80.00%) 6 votes

Nature gave us life, gave us the opportunity to live, love, develop. We are deeply indebted to her. But why, more and more often, we become witnesses of cruel human behavior towards nature ?!

Each of us should understand the importance of nature, its huge role in our life.
M. Prishvin in his work "Pantry of the Sun" tells us about the orphans Nata and Mitrash. Children fully felt the power of the influence of nature. They understood her beauty, knew her secrets. Therefore, the environment was not ruthless and cruel towards them, but friendly.
Let us recall the epic novel by Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy "War and Peace". Many heroes talked about nature and its importance in our life. For example, Natasha Rostova, being a sensitive and gentle nature, admired the beauty of a summer night, nature. The girl understood that all this: the bushes, and trees, and the sky, and the stars - a miracle! And we - people, should take care of this miracle. The girl's love for nature was passed on to her lover Andrei Bolkonsky. Hearing Natasha's reasoning about the beauty of the night that night, Andrei Bolkonsky realized how beautiful nature really is. He was constantly busy and did not have time to think about the beauty of nature, he never thought about the importance of nature in human life. But when he was wounded in the battle of Austerlitz, lying on the ground and looking at the sky, he realized how majestic it is, important in human life and how important nature is for people in general.
Nature is undoubtedly a miracle! We must cherish it, use the gifts wisely, guard and protect it.