Overcoat - analysis of the work. Overcoat - analysis of the work Analysis of works of art n in gogol overcoat

Became the most mysterious Russian writer. In this article we will consider the analysis of the story "The Overcoat" by Nikolai Gogol, trying to penetrate into the subtle intricacies of the plot, and such plots by Gogol are built by the master. Do not forget that you can also read the summary of the story "The Overcoat".

The story "The Overcoat" is a story about one "little man" named Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin. He served as the simplest scribe in an unremarkable district town, in the office. However, the reader can reflect on what the meaning of a person's life might be, and one cannot do without a thoughtful approach, which is why we are analyzing the "Overcoat" story.

The main character "Overcoat"

So, the main character Akaki Bashmachkin was a "little man". This concept is widely used in Russian literature. However, more attention is drawn to his character, way of life, values \u200b\u200band attitude. He doesn't need anything. He looks at what is happening around him with detachment, there is emptiness inside him, and in fact, his slogan in life is: "Please, leave me alone." Are there such people today? Quite often. And they are not interested in the reaction of others, they do not care much about who thinks what about them. But is that right?

For example, Akaki Bashmachkin. He often hears ridicule in his address from fellow officials. He is teased by saying hurtful words and competing in wit. Sometimes Bashmachkin will remain silent, and sometimes, raising his eyes, he will answer: "Why so?" Analyzing this side of the "Overcoat", the problem of social tension becomes visible.

Bashmachkin's character

Akaki passionately loved his work, and this was the main thing in his life. He was engaged in rewriting documents, and his work could always be called neat, clean, done with diligence. And what was this petty official doing at home in the evenings? After dinner at home, having come from the service, Akaky Akakievich walked up and down the room, slowly living for long minutes and hours. Then he sank into a chair and throughout the evening he could be found at the next scribbling.

The analysis of Gogol's novella "The Overcoat" includes an important conclusion: when the meaning of a person's life in work is petty and joyless. Here is another confirmation of this idea.

Then, after spending such leisure time, Bashmachkin goes to bed, but what are his thoughts about in bed? About what he will be rewriting in the office tomorrow. He thought about it, and it made him happy. The meaning of life of this official, who was a "little man" and who was already in his sixties, was the most primitive: take paper, dip a pen into an inkwell and write endlessly - accurately and with zeal. However, another goal in Akaki's life did appear.

Other details of the analysis of the "Overcoat"

Akaki had a very small salary in the service. He was paid thirty-six rubles a month, and almost all of it was spent on food and housing. Here came a severe winter - an icy wind blew and frost hit. And Bashmachkin wears worn-out clothes that cannot warm up on a frosty day. Here Nikolai Gogol very accurately describes Akaki's situation, his old worn overcoat, and the actions of an official.

Akaki Akakievich decides to go to the workshop to repair his overcoat. He asks the tailor to fill in the holes, but he announces that the overcoat cannot be repaired, and there is only one way out - to buy a new one. For this thing porn calls a gigantic sum (for Akaki) - eighty rubles. Bashmachkin does not have such money, he will have to save it, and for this it is worth entering into a very economical mode of life. Making an analysis here, one might think why this "little man" goes to such extremes: he stops drinking tea in the evenings, once again does not give the laundry to the washerwoman, he walks so that his shoes are washed less ... Is it really all for the sake of a new overcoat, which he then lose it? But this is his new joy in life, his goal. Gogol tries to encourage the reader to think about what is most important in life, what to give priority to.

conclusions

We have briefly examined the plot, but we have isolated from it only those details that are needed in order to make a clear analysis of the "Overcoat" story. The main character is spiritually and physically untenable. He does not strive for the best, his condition is poor, he is not a person. After another goal appears in life, other than rewriting papers, it seems to change. Now Akaki is focused on buying a greatcoat.

Gogol also shows us another side. How heartlessly and unfairly those around him treat Bashmachkin. He endures ridicule and bullying. In addition, the meaning of his life disappears after Akaki's new overcoat is taken away. He loses his last joy, again Bashmachkin is sad and lonely.

Here, during the analysis, Gogol's goal is visible - to show the harsh truth of that time. "Little people" were destined to suffer and die, they were not needed by anyone and were uninteresting. In the same way, the death of the Shoemaker did not interest his entourage and those who could help him.

You have read a brief analysis of the story "The Overcoat" by Nikolai Gogol. In our literary blog, you will find many articles on various topics, including analyzes of works.

Can one little piece revolutionize literature? Yes, Russian literature knows such a precedent. This is the story of N.V. Gogol's "The Overcoat". The work was very popular with contemporaries, caused a lot of controversy, and the Gogol trend developed among Russian writers until the middle of the 20th century. What is this great book? About this in our article.

The book is part of a series of works written in the 1830-1840s. and united by a common name - "Petersburg stories". The story of Gogol's "Overcoat" goes back to an anecdote about a poor official who had a great passion for hunting. Despite the small salary, the ardent fan set himself a goal: by all means to buy a Lepazhev's gun, one of the best at that time. The official refused to do everything in order to save money, and finally, he bought the coveted trophy and went to the Gulf of Finland to shoot birds.

The hunter sailed in the boat, was about to take aim - but did not find the gun. It probably fell out of the boat, but how - remains a mystery. The hero of the story himself admitted that he was a kind of forgetfulness when he was anticipating the cherished prey. Returning home, he fell asleep in a fever. Fortunately, everything ended well. The sick official was rescued by his colleagues, who bought him a new, similar gun. This story inspired the author to create the story "The Overcoat".

Genre and direction

N.V. Gogol is one of the most prominent representatives of critical realism in Russian literature. With his prose, the writer sets a special direction, sarcastically called by the critic F. Bulgarin "Natural School". This literary vector is characterized by an appeal to acute social topics related to poverty, morality, and class relationships. Here, the image of the "little man" is being actively developed, which has become traditional for 19th century writers.

A narrower trend, characteristic of Petersburg Tales, is fantastic realism. This technique allows the author to influence the reader in the most effective and original way. It is expressed in a mixture of fiction and reality: the real in the story "The Overcoat" is the social problem of tsarist Russia (poverty, crime, inequality), and the fantastic is the ghost of Akaki Akakievich, who robbing passers-by. Dostoevsky, Bulgakov and many other followers of this trend turned to the mystical principle.

The genre of the story allows Gogol to laconically, but brightly enough to highlight several plot lines, to identify many relevant social themes and even to include the motive of the supernatural in his work.

Composition

The composition "Overcoat" is linear, it is possible to designate an introduction and an epilogue.

The story begins with a kind of writer's discourse about the city, which is an integral part of all Petersburg Tales. Then follows the biography of the protagonist, which is typical for the authors of the "natural school". It was believed that these data help to better reveal the image and explain the motivation of certain actions.
Exposition - a description of the situation and position of the hero.
The plot takes place at the moment when Akaky Akakievich decides to acquire a new overcoat, this intention continues to move the plot until the climax - a happy finding.
The second part is devoted to the search for an overcoat and the exposure of senior officials.
The epilogue, where the ghost appears, loops this part: first, the thieves follow Bashmachkin, then the policeman follows the ghost. Maybe a thief?

About what?

One poor official Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin, in view of the severe frosts, finally dares to buy himself a new overcoat. The hero denies himself everything, saves on food, tries to walk more carefully on the pavement so as not to change the soles once again. By the required time, he manages to accumulate the required amount, soon the coveted overcoat is ready.

But the joy of possession does not last long: on the same evening, when Bashmachkin was returning home after a festive dinner, the robbers took away the object of his happiness from the poor official. The hero tries to fight for his greatcoat, he goes through several instances: from a private person to a significant person, but no one cares about his loss, no one is going to look for robbers. After a visit to the general, who turned out to be a rude and arrogant man, Akaki Akakievich fell ill with a fever and soon died.

But the story "takes a fantastic ending." The spirit of Akaki Akakievich wanders around St. Petersburg, who wants to take revenge on his offenders, and, mainly, he is looking for a significant person. One evening, the ghost catches the arrogant general and takes his greatcoat from him, on which he calms down.

The main characters and their characteristics

The protagonist of the story - Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin... From the moment of birth, it was clear that a difficult, unhappy life awaited him. This was predicted by the midwife, and the baby himself, when he was born, “burst into tears and made such a grimace as if he had a presentiment that there would be a titular counselor”. This is the so-called "little man", but his character is contradictory and goes through certain stages of development.
Overcoat image works to unleash the potential of this seemingly modest character. The new thing dear to the heart makes the hero possessed, as if she were controlling him by an idol. The little official shows such perseverance and activity that he never showed during his lifetime, and after death - he completely decides to take revenge and keeps Petersburg in fear.
The role of the overcoat in Gogol's story it is difficult to overestimate. Her image develops in parallel with the main character: a leaky overcoat is a modest person, a new one is an enterprising and happy Bashmachkin, a general's one is an almighty spirit, catching up with horror.
The image of St. Petersburg the story is presented in a completely different way. This is not a lush capital with smart carriages and blooming ceremonies, but a cruel city with its fierce winter, unhealthy climate, dirty staircases and dark alleys.

Topics

The life of a little man is the main theme of the novel "The Overcoat", so it is presented quite vividly. Bashmachkin does not have a strong character or special talents; higher-ranking officials allow themselves to manipulate him, ignore him or scold him. And the poor hero only wants to return to himself what belongs to him by right, but significant persons and the big world are not up to the problems of the little man.
The juxtaposition of the real and the fantastic allows us to show the versatility of Bashmachkin's image. In the harsh reality, he will never reach the selfish and cruel hearts of those in power, but having become a powerful spirit, he can at least avenge his insult.
The cross-cutting theme of the story is immorality. People are appreciated not for their skill, but for their rank, a significant person is by no means an exemplary family man, he is cold to his children and looks for entertainment on the side. He allows himself to be an arrogant tyrant, forcing those of lower rank to grovel.
The satirical nature of the story and the absurdity of the situations allow Gogol to point out social vices most expressively. For example, no one is going to look for the missing overcoat, but there is a decree to catch the ghost. This is how the author denounces the inactivity of the St. Petersburg police.

Problematic

The problematic of the story "The Overcoat" is very broad. Here Gogol raises questions concerning both society and the inner world of a person.

The main problem of the story is humanism, or rather, its absence. All the heroes of the story are faint-hearted and selfish, they are not capable of empathy. Even Akaki Akakievich has no spiritual goal in life, does not seek to read or be interested in art. He is driven only by the material component of being. Bashmachkin does not recognize himself as a victim in the Christian sense. He has completely adapted to his miserable existence, the character does not know forgiveness and is only capable of revenge. The hero cannot even find peace after death until he fulfills his low plan.
Indifference. Co-workers are indifferent to Bashmachkin's grief, and a significant person is trying by all means known to him to stifle all manifestations of humanity in himself.
The problem of poverty is touched upon by Gogol. A person who performs his duties roughly and diligently does not have the opportunity to update his wardrobe as needed, while sloppy flatterers and dandies successfully advance in the service, dine sumptuously and arrange evenings.
The problem of social inequality is covered in the story. The general treats the titular councilor as a flea that he can crush. Bashmachkin is shy in front of him, is speechless, and a significant person, not wanting to lose his appearance in the eyes of his colleagues, humiliates the poor suppliant in every possible way. Thus, he shows his power and superiority.

What is the meaning of the story?

The idea of \u200b\u200bGogol's "Overcoat" is to point out the acute social problems that were urgent in Imperial Russia. With the help of a fantastic component, the author shows the hopelessness of the situation: a small person is weak in front of the powers that be, they will never respond to his request, and even kick him out of his office. Gogol, of course, does not approve of revenge, but in the story "The Overcoat" is the only way to reach the hearts of high-ranking officials. It seems to them that only the spirit is above them, and they will agree to listen only to those who are superior to them. Becoming a ghost, Bashmachkin takes just this necessary position, so he manages to influence the arrogant tyrants. This is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work.

The meaning of Gogol's "Overcoat" is in the search for justice, but the situation seems hopeless, because justice is possible only when turning to the supernatural.

What does it teach?

Gogol's "Overcoat" was written almost two centuries ago, but it remains relevant to this day. The author makes one think not only about social inequality, the problem of poverty, but also about his own spiritual qualities. The story "The Overcoat" teaches empathy, the writer urges not to turn away from a person who is in a difficult situation and asks for help.

To achieve his authorial goals, Gogol changes the ending of the original anecdote, which became the basis for the work. If in that story colleagues collected an amount sufficient to buy a new gun, then Bashmachkin's colleagues practically did nothing to help a friend in trouble. He himself died fighting for his rights.

Criticism

In Russian literature, the story "The Overcoat" played a huge role: thanks to this work, a whole trend arose - the "natural school". This work became a symbol of the new art, and this was confirmed by the journal "Physiology of Petersburg", where many young writers came up with their own versions of the image of a poor official.

Critics recognized Gogol's skill, and "The Overcoat" was considered a worthy work, but the controversy was mainly conducted around the Gogol trend, opened by this particular story. For example, V.G. Belinsky called the book "one of the deepest creations of Gogol," but considered the "natural school" a direction unpromising, and K. Aksakov refused to Dostoevsky (who also began with the "natural school"), the author of Poor People, with the title of artist.

Not only Russian critics were aware of the role of the "Overcoat" in literature. The French reviewer E. Vogue owns the famous saying "We all came out of Gogol's greatcoat." In 1885 he wrote an article about Dostoevsky, where he spoke about the origins of the writer's work.

Later, Chernyshevsky accused Gogol of excessive sentimentality, deliberate compassion for Bashmachkin. Apollon Grigoriev in his criticism contrasted true art with the Gogolian method of satirical depiction of reality.

The story made a great impression not only on the writer's contemporaries. V. Nabokov in his article "The Apotheosis of the Disguise" analyzes the creative method of Gogol, its features, advantages and disadvantages. Nabokov believes that "The Overcoat" was created for "a reader with a creative imagination", and for the fullest possible understanding of the work, it is necessary to get acquainted with it in the original language, because Gogol's work is "a phenomenon of language, not ideas."

The writing

The story was a favorite genre of N. V. Gogol. He created three cycles of stories, and each of them became a fundamentally important phenomenon in the history of Russian literature. Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka, Mirgorod and the so-called Petersburg stories are familiar and loved by more than one generation of readers.
Gogol's Petersburg is a city striking in social contrasts. A city of poor toilers, victims of poverty and tyranny. Such a victim is Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin - the hero of the story "The Overcoat".
Gogol came up with the idea of \u200b\u200bthe story in 1834 under the impression of a clerical anecdote about a poor official who, at the cost of incredible efforts, fulfilled his old dream of buying a hunting rifle and losing it on the very first hunt. But in Gogol, this story caused not laughter, but a completely different reaction.
The Overcoat occupies a special place in the cycle of Petersburg stories. Popular in the 30s. the plot of an unfortunate, needy official was embodied by the author into a work of art, which Herzen called "colossal." Gogol Bashmachkin "had what is called the eternal titular adviser, over whom, as you know, a lot of different writers have tried and sharpened their temper and have a commendable habit of leaning on those who cannot bite." The author, of course, does not hide his ironic grin when he describes the spiritual limitations and squalor of his hero. Akaki Akakievich was a timid, wordless creature who resignedly endured the "clerical ridicule" of his colleagues and the despotic rudeness of his superiors. The mind-numbing job of a scribe paralyzed all his spiritual interests.
Gogol's humor is soft and delicate. The writer does not for a single moment leave his warm sympathy for his hero, who appears in the story as a tragic victim of the cruel conditions of modern reality. The author creates a satirically generalized type of person - a representative of the bureaucratic power of Russia. The way the bosses behave with Bashmachkin, all "significant persons" behave. The humility and humility of the unfortunate Bashmachkin, in contrast to the rudeness of "significant persons", evoked in the reader
not only a feeling of pain for humiliating a person, but also a protest against the unfair order of life, in which such humiliation is possible.
In the Petersburg stories, the accusatory orientation of Gogol's work was revealed with tremendous force. Man and the antihuman conditions of his social life are the main conflict that underlies the entire cycle. And each of the stories was a new phenomenon in Russian literature.
The sorrowful tale of the stolen greatcoat, according to Gogol, "unexpectedly takes a fantastic ending." The ghost, in which the deceased Akaki Akakievich was recognized, tore off the greatcoats from everyone, "without disassembling rank and rank."
Sharply criticizing the dominant system of life, its inner falsity and hypocrisy, Gogol's work prompted the idea of \u200b\u200bthe need for a different life, a different social order.

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Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol is one of the most significant figures in Russian literature. It is he who is rightfully called the ancestor of critical realism, the author who clearly described the image of the "little man" and made it central in Russian literature of that time. Later, many writers used this image in their works. It is no accident that FM Dostoevsky in one of his conversations uttered the phrase: "We all came out of Gogol's greatcoat."

History of creation

The literary critic Annenkov noted that N.V. Gogol often listened to anecdotes and various stories that were told in his environment. Sometimes it happened that these anecdotes and comic stories inspired the writer to create new works. So it happened with the "Overcoat". According to Annenkov, one day Gogol heard an anecdote about a poor official who was very fond of hunting. This official lived in hardship, saving on everything only in order to buy himself a gun for his favorite hobby. And now, the long-awaited moment has come - the gun is purchased. However, the very first hunt was not successful: the gun caught on the bushes and drowned. The official was so shocked by the incident that he fell ill with a fever. This anecdote did not make Gogol laugh at all, but, on the contrary, led to serious reflections. According to many, it was then that the idea of \u200b\u200bwriting the story "The Overcoat" arose in his head.

During Gogol's lifetime, the story did not provoke significant critical discussions and debates. This is due to the fact that at that time writers quite often offered their readers comic works about the life of poor officials. However, the significance of Gogol's work for Russian literature was appreciated over the years. It was Gogol who developed the theme of the "little man" protesting against the laws in force in the system and pushed other writers to further disclose this topic.

Description of the work

The protagonist of Gogol's work is a junior civil servant Bashmachkin Akaki Akakievich, who was constantly unlucky. Even in choosing a name, the officials' parents came across unsuccessful ones, as a result, the child was named after his father.

The life of the protagonist is modest and unremarkable. He lives in a small rented apartment. He holds a small position with a beggarly salary. By adulthood, the official did not acquire a wife, children, or friends.

Bashmachkin wears an old faded uniform and an overcoat full of holes. One day, a fierce frost makes Akaki Akakievich take the old overcoat to the tailor for repair. However, the tailor refuses to repair the old overcoat and talks about the need to buy a new one.

The price of the overcoat is 80 rubles. This is a lot of money for a small employee. In order to collect the necessary amount, he denies himself even small human joys, which are not many in his life. After a while, the official manages to save up the required amount, and the tailor finally sews an overcoat. The acquisition of an expensive piece of clothing is a grand event in the miserable and boring life of an official.

One evening Akaki Akakievich was caught up on the street by unknown people and took away his overcoat. A frustrated official goes with a complaint to a "significant person" in the hope of finding and punishing those responsible for his trouble. However, the "general" does not support the junior employee, but, on the contrary, makes a reprimand. Bashmachkin, rejected and humiliated, was unable to cope with his grief and died.

At the end of the work, the author adds a little mysticism. After the funeral of the titular councilor, a ghost began to notice in the city, who took away his greatcoats from passers-by. A little later, this same ghost took away the overcoat from the very "general" who scolded Akaki Akakievich. This served as a lesson for an important official.

main characters

The central figure of the story is a pitiful civil servant who has been doing routine and uninteresting work all his life. In his work, there are no opportunities for creativity and self-realization. Monotony and monotony literally consume the titular advisor. All he does is rewrite unnecessary papers. The hero has no loved ones. He spends his free evenings at home, sometimes rewriting papers "for himself." The appearance of Akaki Akakievich creates an even stronger effect, the hero becomes truly sorry. There is something insignificant in his image. The impression is reinforced by Gogol's story about the constant troubles befalling the hero (either an unfortunate name, or a baptism). Gogol perfectly created the image of a "little" official who lives in terrible hardships and fights the system every day for his right to exist.

Officials (collective image of bureaucracy)

Gogol, talking about Akaki Akakievich's colleagues, focuses on such qualities as heartlessness and callousness. Colleagues of the unfortunate official mock and make fun of him in every possible way, without feeling a single gram of sympathy. The whole drama of Bashmachkin's relations with colleagues is contained in the phrase he said: “Leave me, why are you offending me?”.

"Significant person" or "general"

Gogol does not mention the name or surname of this person. It doesn't matter. The rank, position on the social ladder is important. After the loss of his overcoat, Bashmachkin, for the first time in his life, decides to defend his rights and goes with a complaint to the "general". It is here that the "little" official is faced with a tough, soulless bureaucratic machine, the image of which is enclosed in the character of a "significant person".

Analysis of the work

In the person of his protagonist, Gogol seems to unite all the poor and humiliated people. Bashmachkin's life is an eternal struggle for survival, poverty and monotony. Society with its laws does not give the official the right to a normal human existence, humiliates his dignity. At the same time, Akaki Akakievich himself agrees with this position and resignedly endures hardships and difficulties.

The loss of an overcoat is a turning point in the work. It forces the "little official" to declare his rights to the public for the first time. Akaki Akakievich goes with a complaint to the "significant person" who, in Gogol's story, personifies all the heartlessness and impersonality of the bureaucracy. Faced with a wall of aggression and misunderstanding on the part of a "significant person", the poor official does not stand it and dies.

Gogol raises the problem of the extreme importance of the rank, which took place in the society of that time. The author shows that such attachment to rank is destructive for people with very different social status. The prestigious position of a "significant person" made him indifferent and cruel. And the junior rank of Bashmachkin led to depersonalization of a person, his humiliation.

At the end of the story, it is not by chance that Gogol introduces a fantastic ending, in which the ghost of an unfortunate official removes the general's overcoat. This is some warning to important people that their inhuman actions can have consequences. The fantasy at the end of the work is explained by the fact that in the Russian reality of that time it is almost impossible to imagine a situation of retaliation. Since the "little man" at that time had no rights, he could not demand attention and respect from society.

Sections: Literature

Lesson objectives:

Trace the tradition of depicting the "little" person in Russian literature;
To convey to children the idea that there is humiliation that elevates;
Answer the questions:

Is the problem of the “little” person relevant today?
And how should it be in life?

Equipment:

Illustrations for the work (portraits of Bashmachkin);
Syncwine creation scheme;
Crossword (grid);
Reproduction by Natalia Nesterova “The Crucifixion”;
The lesson is tentatively scheduled for March 23;

During the classes

“The whole world is against me:
How great I am! ... "

M.Yu.Lermontov

1. Introduction by the teacher:

The hero of Nikolai Gogol's story "The Overcoat" Akaki Bashmachkin was born, according to the author, "against the night, if my memory serves me, on March 23rd." And today he lived to see another birthday ... An amazing, strange date. Gogol mentions her on the very first page of the famous story. For some reason, even this detail seems important to the writer in describing the hero. And the hero is of a small rank, "short in stature, somewhat pockmarked, somewhat reddish, somewhat even blind in appearance, with a small bald spot on his forehead." (Demonstrates Bashmachkin's portraits on the board). It's outside. What's inside? Today, when we are celebrating the anniversary of the birth of Akaki Akakievich, I would like you to look at him with a “simple eye” - according to Chekhov's well-known advice to his brother, and see not only what is obvious. With Gogol, everything is much more complicated ...

Do you guys like to celebrate birthdays? What do you associate this holiday with? (The answers are roughly unambiguous).

But today we will have a special “Birthday” - there will be no birthday person ... But, as expected, there will be guests and, of course, there will be gifts.

Crossword:

Vertically:

9. HUMANISM.

Horizontally:

What could help Bashmachkin get into the “state councilors”? (Awards)
The scene of the story; (Petersburg)
This insect is mentioned twice in the story. The main character is compared to him; (Fly)
What kind of fur was chosen for the collar of an overcoat? (Cat)
Bashmachkin's life friend; (Overcoat)
This surrounds the whole life of Akaki Akakievich; (Disasters)
Strong enemy of all who receive 400 rubles of salary per year; (Frost)
In which department did Akaki Akakievich serve? (One)

Explain why we got the word “humanism” vertically? Find synonyms for this word. How is this concept related to the theme of the work?

3. Analytical work with the text of the story:

What is the main theme of the "Overcoat" story?

(The theme of human suffering, predetermined by the way of life; the theme of the "little man".)

In what works, read earlier, did we come across the theme of the “little man”?

(NM Karamzin “Poor Liza” - in the center of the narrative is a simple, uneducated peasant girl; we are inspired with the idea that “peasant women can love too!” A.S. Pushkin “Stationmaster” - a poor fourteenth-grade official Samson Vyrin has no rights in life, and even the only meaning of his existence - his beloved daughter - is taken away from him by the mighty of this world A. Pushkin “The Bronze Horseman” - the main character is the unfortunate, destitute Eugene, whose poverty destroyed both character and mind , made insignificant thoughts and dreams. All these works are full of love and sympathy of the authors for their heroes. Gogol develops the traditions of great Russian writers in the image of the "little man").

How is the typical character of the hero and the situation emphasized?

(“… Served in one department”, “… when and at what time he entered the department… no one could remember this”, “one official…” - all these phrases show not the exclusivity, unusualness of the situation and the hero, but their typicality. Akaki Akakievich is one of many; there were thousands of people like him - officials who were useless to anyone.

What personality is in front of us? Describe the image of the main character.

The name “Akaki” in translation from Greek means “non-malignant”, and the hero has the same patronymic, that is, the fate of this person was already predetermined: this was his father, grandfather, etc. He lives without prospects, does not realize himself as a person, sees the meaning of life in rewriting papers ...

4. Element of dramatic production:

Guys, the first guests have come to us. Let's listen to Akaki Akakievich himself, his story about himself.

Good day to you! I am an unremarkable, ordinary person, and my life is completely natural. I serve with love and am quite happy: I rewrite papers, and this is a varied and enjoyable activity. I was even offered a small raise once, but I lost it and refused, because it’s good. I never paid attention to what is being done and happening every day on the street, even when everyone was trying to have fun, but I was busy rewriting papers at home ...

(It turns out "one young man" who served in the same department as Bashmachkin):

There was no respect for him in the department, and young officials laughed and made jokes at him, poured small pieces of torn papers on his head ... And once the joke was too intolerable, he said: “Leave me, why are you offending me?” And there was something strange in the words and in the voice in which they were uttered. In these penetrating words others rang out: "I am your brother!" And since then, as if everything had changed in front of me and seemed in a different form, often in the middle of the funniest minutes I saw a low official with a bald spot on his forehead with his penetrating words: “Leave me, why are you offending me?” ...

Guys, have you met people in your life who are somewhat similar to Akaki Akakievich? “Twice mild” - are there such people today?

How can you interpret the words “I am your brother!”?

Are people like Akaki Akakievich worthy of neglect and humiliation?

(Akaki Akakievich is a successful person to the extent that he had ambitions in life. He has a harmony of needs and opportunities. And many people who gloriously took advantage of the new Russian conditions today have opportunities ahead of their needs. For example, there is no need to go to the theater, but there is an opportunity to buy an expensive ticket, to boast of it in front of others - and he goes there ... Although this does not give him anything spiritually. There are many people like Akaky Akakievich. This type is present in every person, only people sometimes lose their inner memory, fall ill with arrogance, arrogance ...)

What was the acquisition of an overcoat for Bashmachkin? What does he do for this?

(The overcoat for Akaki Akakievich is not a luxury, but a long-suffering necessity. Acquisition of an overcoat colors his life with new colors. It would seem to humiliate him, but what he goes to for this, changes the entire usual "coordinate system" in our minds. from each “spent ruble, he put a penny in a small box,” besides this savings, he stopped drinking tea and lighting candles in the evenings, and walking along the pavement, he stepped on his toes, “so as not to wear out the soles” ... He also, coming home, immediately he took off his underwear so that it would not wear out, and sat in a shabby dressing gown. One might say that he LIVED the dream of a new overcoat).

What feelings does the behavior and actions of Akaki Akakievich evoke in you on the way to achieving the goal?

(Something is very badly arranged in a world where people are just quietly maddened, they strive for a higher goal, and this goal is a new overcoat. Bashmachkin is a victim of this world, an innocent victim, and he is more likely to evoke respect than pity and contempt) ...

What is the special drama of the situation with the theft of an overcoat?

(No one in this world wanted to help him, did not support the protest against injustice).

For what purpose is Gogol introducing a fantastic ending?

(Bashmachkin dies not because of the theft of his greatcoat, he dies because of the rudeness, indifference and cynicism of the world around him. The ghost of Akaki Akakievich acts as an avenger for his unlucky life. This is a riot, although it can be called a “riot on his knees.” The author seeks to provoke the reader a feeling of protest against the absurd living conditions and a feeling of pain for humiliation of human dignity. Gogol does not want to give a consoling denouement, does not want to calm the conscience of the reader. If the writer punished the Significant person, a boring moralizing tale would come out; he perfectly chose the fantastic form of the moment when the vulgarity for a moment saw its light ...)

5. Psychological training: Try to be a little bit in the role of poor Bashmachkin and object to something Significant person, try to convey your pain and reach out to his soul. (Sooner or later, all children will have to experience the oppression of the bureaucratic machine of our society, let them try to prove their case. It is only necessary to present a firm, resolute, “arrogant” student in the role of a Significant Person, a high school student is better suited for this role).

6. Element of dramatic production:

Before you is another guest - a Significant person, to whom Akaki Akakievich turned for help.

Significant person: “What do you want? (abruptly and firmly) Why, sir, don't you know the order? Where did you go? don't know how things are going? You should have previously submitted a request to the office about this; it would go to the clerk, to the head of the department, then it would be handed over to the secretary, and the secretary would have already delivered it to me ... Do you understand who is standing in front of you? do you understand this? do you understand this? I'm asking you!

2-3 pupils try themselves in the role of “supplicants”.

7. At the end of our conversation, as promised, let's make gifts to Akaki Akakievich, after all, we celebrate his birthday.

We will present him with our creative works - syncwines, which we will write now.

The scheme for creating a syncwine - on the board:

Line 1: Who? What? (1 noun)
Line 2: Which one? (2 adjectives)
Line 3: What does it do? (3 verbs)
Line 4: What does the author think about the topic? (4-word phrase)
Line 5: Who? What? (New sounding of the theme) (1 noun)

Harmless, ridiculous, uplifting,
Loves, suffers, lives,
The butterfly dies by the flame of fire
How unrighteous this world is.

8. Children read their syncwines.

9. Closing remarks from the teacher:

Pay attention to the painting by Natalia Nesterova "The Crucifixion". Christ is on the cross, and below is an infinite number of people, in part, not even discharged. A huge number of ball heads, such a human calf. Here Akaki Akakievich is human caviar, the basis of future life. Before our eyes, Gogol is raising a person from eggs. For Bashmachkin, the new overcoat became Vera. He was pleased with his dilapidated hood. Well, yes, he was worn out, he was worn out, but you can also patch it up. That is, he wanted to keep himself in the old faith. But he had a Teacher, a tailor Petrovich. And Petrovich was firm: the old must not be patched up, but the new must be created. And he forced Akaki Akakievich to reconsider his beliefs. And only the brave is capable of this. He went to incredible hardships to build Something New. Bashmachkin does not just put on an overcoat, he enters it, as in the Temple. And he becomes a different person. He walks down the street in a different way, goes to visit ... But he was killed. The people living next to him were killed. Not only the Significant person, but also colleagues, mocking his love for the beauty of letters. And he kept repeating to them: “I am your brother!”. As in the Bible: “Love your neighbor as yourself!”, “So in everything you want people to do to you, so do you with them!”. Let's remember this.