The most famous Russian writers and their works. Russian books: from classics to modern times All authors and their works list

Russian classics are well known to foreign readers. And which contemporary authors have managed to win the hearts of a foreign audience? Libs compiled a list of the most famous Russian contemporary writers in the West and their most popular books.

16. Nikolay Lilin , Siberian Education: Growing Up in a Criminal Underworld

Our rating is opened by the naughty cranberry ... Strictly speaking, "Siberian Education" is not a novel by a Russian author, but by a Russian-speaking one, but this is not the most serious complaint against him. In 2013, this book was filmed by the Italian director Gabriele Salvatores, the main role in the film was played by John Malkovich himself. And thanks to a bad film with a good actor, the book of Nikolai Lilin, a dreamer-tattoo artist from Bendery who moved to Italy, did not rest in the Bose, but entered the annals of history.

Are there Siberians among the readers? Get your facepalm palms ready! "Siberian Education" tells about lessons: an ancient clan of people, harsh, but noble and pious, exiled by Stalin from Siberia to Transnistria, but not broken. The lesson has its own laws and strange beliefs. For example, one cannot keep in the same room a noble weapon (for hunting) and a sinful one (for a business), otherwise the noble weapon will be "contaminated". The infected cannot be used, so as not to bring misfortune to the family. The infected weapon should be wrapped in a sheet on which the newborn baby was lying, and buried, and a tree should be planted on top. Urks always come to the aid of the disadvantaged and the weak, they themselves live modestly, they buy icons with the money stolen.

Nikolai Lilin was introduced to readers as a "hereditary Siberian urka", which, as it were, hints at the autobiography of the imperishable. Several literary critics and Irwin Welch himself praised the novel: "It is hard not to admire the people who opposed the Tsar, the Soviets, Western materialistic values. If the values \u200b\u200blesson were common to all, the world would not have faced a greedy economic crisis." Wow!

But it didn’t work to deceive all readers. For some time, foreigners, who had a taste for the exotic, bought the novel, however, finding that the facts described in it were fabricated, they lost interest in the book. Here is one of the reviews on the book site: “After the first chapter, I was disappointed to realize that this is an unreliable source of information about the Eastern European underworld. In fact,“ urka ”is a Russian term for“ bandit ”, not a definition of an ethnic group. And this is just the beginning of a series of indistinct, senseless fabrications. I would not mind fiction if the story was good, but I don’t even know what annoys me more in the book: the narrator’s flatness and Mary-sessiness or his amateurish style ”.

15. Sergey Kuznetsov ,

Psychological thriller Kuznetsov "" was presented in the West as "Russia's answer to" "". A cocktail of death, journalism, hype and BDSM, some book bloggers rushed to include, no less than the top ten novels of all time about serial killers! Readers also noted that through this book they got acquainted with Moscow life, although the heroes' conversations about political parties, about certain events were not always clear: "Cultural differences immediately distinguish this book and make it to a certain extent refreshing."

And the novel was criticized for the fact that the scenes of violence are presented through the killer's stories about what has already happened: "You are not with the victim, you do not hope for an escape, and this reduces tension. Your heart does not flutter, you do not wonder what will happen next." "A strong start for inventive horror, but the dodgy story gets boring."

14. ,

For all the publishing activity of Yevgeny Nikolaevich / Zakhar Prilepin in his homeland, he seems to be little concerned with translating his books into other languages. "", "" - that's, perhaps, all that can be found right now in the bookstores of the West. "Sankya", by the way, with a foreword by Alexei Navalny. Prilepin's work attracts the attention of a foreign public, but the reviews are mixed: “The book is well written and fascinating, but suffers from a general post-Soviet uncertainty about what the writer is trying to say. Confusion about the future, confused views of the past and a widespread lack of understanding of what is happening in today's life are typical problems. It's worth reading, but don't expect to get too much out of the book. "

13. , (The Sublime Electricity Book # 1)

Recently a Chelyabinsk writer published good news on his personal website: his books "" and "" have been republished in Poland. And on Amazon the most popular is the noir cycle "All-good electricity". Among the reviews of the novel "": "A great writer and a great book in style magical steampunk "," A good, fast-paced story with a lot of plot twists. "" An original combination of steam technology and magic. But the most important thing about the story is, of course, its narrator Leopold Orso, an introvert with many skeletons in the closet. Sensitive but ruthless, he is able to control other people's fears, but with difficulty - his own. His supporters are succubus, zombie and leprechaun, and the latter is quite funny. "

12. , (Masha Karavai Detective Series)

9. , (Erast Fandorin Mysteries # 1)

No, don't rush to search the bookshelves detective Akunina "The Snow Queen". The first novel of the cycle about Erast Fandorin, that is, "", was published under this title in English. Introducing it to the readers, one of the critics said, they say, if Leo Tolstoy decided to write a detective story, he would have composed Azazel. That is, The Winter Queen. Such a statement provided interest in the novel, but in the end, reader responses were mixed. Some admired the novel, they could not tear themselves away until they had finished reading; others reacted with restraint to the "melodramatic plot and language of the novellas and plays of the 1890s."

8. , (Watch # 1)

Patrols are familiar to Western readers. Someone even called Anton Gorodetsky the Russian version of Harry Potter: "If Harry were an adult and lived in post-Soviet Moscow." When reading "" - the usual fuss around Russian names: "I like this book, but I cannot understand why Anton always says full name your boss - "Boris Ignatievich"? Anyone guessed? I have read only half so far, so maybe there will be an answer further in the book? "In recent years, Lukyanenko has not pleased foreigners with new products, so today he is only in 8th place in the rating.

7. ,

Those who have read the novel "" by the medievalist Vodolazkin in Russian cannot but admire the titanic work of the translator Lisa Hayden. The author admitted that before meeting with Hayden he was sure: translation into other languages \u200b\u200bof his skillful stylization under the Old Russian language is impossible! It is all the more pleasant that all the labors were justified. Critics and ordinary readers met unhistorical novel very warm: "A whimsical, ambitious book", "Uniquely generous, multi-layered work", "One of the most moving and mysterious books you'll read."

6. ,

Perhaps it will come as a surprise to Pelevin's fans that the cult novel in the writer's homeland has been supplanted abroad by an early composition. Western readers put this compact satirical book on a par with "" Huxley: "I highly recommend reading!", "This is the Hubble telescope facing the Earth."

"In his 20s, Pelevin witnessed the glasnost and the emergence of hope for a national culture based on the principles of openness and justice. At the age of 30, Pelevin saw the disintegration of Russia and unification<…> the worst elements of wild capitalism and gangsterism as a form of government. Science and Buddhism became Pelevin's support for the search for purity and truth. But combined with the outgoing empire of the USSR and crude materialism new Russia this led to a tectonic plate shift, spiritual and creative shock, like the 9 magnitude earthquake that was reflected in Omon Ra.<…> Although Pelevin is fascinated by the absurdity of life, he is still looking for answers. Gertrude Stein once said, "There is no answer. There will be no answer. There never was an answer. This is the answer." I suspect that if Pelevin agrees with Stein, his tectonic plates will freeze, the shock wave of creativity will die out. We, the readers, would suffer for this. "

"Pelevin never allows the reader to find equilibrium. The first page is intriguing. The last paragraph of Omon Ra may be the most accurate literary expression of existentialism ever written."

5. , (The Dark Herbalist Book # 2)

Then several representatives Russian LitRPG ... Judging by the reviews, a native of Grozny, the author of the "Dark Herbalist" series Mikhail Atamanov knows a lot about goblins and game literature: "I highly recommend giving this truly unusual hero a chance to impress you!", "The book was excellent, even better." But he is not yet strong in English: "An excellent sample of LitRPG, I liked it. As others have already commented, the ending is hasty, and the translation of argot and colloquial speech from Russian into English is inaccurate. I don't know if the author was tired of the series, or fired the translator. and the last 5% of the book relied on Google Translate. I didn't like the Deus ex machina ending. But still 5 stars for a big bu. Hopefully the author continues from level 40 to level 250! I'll buy. "

4. , he is G. Akella, Steel Wolves of Craedia(Realm of Arkon # 3)

Have you opened the book ""? Welcome to the World of Arkona online game! "I love it when the author grows and improves, and the book, the series becomes more complex and detailed. After completing this book, I immediately began to re-read it - perhaps the best compliment I could give to the author."

"I highly recommend reading and complimenting the translator (despite the mysterious Elven Presley!). Translation is not just a substitution of words, and here the translation of the content from Russian into English is done extremely well."

3. , (The Way of the Shaman Book # 1)

"" Vasily Makhanenko has collected a lot of positive reviews: "An excellent novel, one of my favorites! Treat yourself and read this episode !!", "I am very impressed with the book. The story and the progression of the character are well written. I can't wait for it to be released in English. next book "," I read everything and want to continue the series! "," It was a great reading. There were grammatical errors, usually a missing word or not quite accurate wording, but they were few and they were minor. "

2. , (Play to Live # 1)

The cycle "Play to Live" is based on an amazing collision that will leave few people indifferent: the terminally ill guy Max (in the Russian version of the book "" - Gleb) goes into virtual reality in order to feel the pulse of life in the Other World, to find friends, enemies and experience incredible adventures.

Sometimes readers grumble, "Max is ridiculously super smart. For example, he reaches level 50 in 2 weeks. He is the only one who creates a necessary item in a world with 48 million experienced gamers. But I can forgive all this: who wants to read a book about a gamer stuck on level 3 killing rabbits? This book is popcorn to read, purely junk food, and I enjoy it. From a female perspective, I would give the book a 3 out of 5: Everyday Misogyny. Max makes some derogatory, supposedly funny , comments about women, and the only female character is crying, then having sex with Max. But in general, I would recommend this gamer's book. It is pure pleasure. "

"I haven't read the author's biography, but judging by the book and the links, I'm sure he's Russian.<…> I have worked with many of them and have always enjoyed their company. They never get depressed. This is what I think makes this book amazing. The main character is told that he has an inoperable brain tumor. However, he is not overly depressed, does not complain, just evaluates options and lives in VR. Very good story... It is dark, but there is no evil in it. "

1. , (Metro 2033 # 1)

If you are familiar with modern Russian science fiction writers, it is not difficult to guess who will be at the top of our rating: translation of books into 40 languages, sale of 2 million copies - yes, this is Dmitry Glukhovsky! Odyssey in the scenery of the Moscow subway. "" is not a classic LitRPG, but the novel was created to be symbiotic with a computer shooter. And if once the book promoted the game, now the game is promoting the book. Translations, professional audiobooks, website with virtual tour by stations - and a natural result: the "population" of the world created by Glukhovsky is growing every year.

"It's an exciting journey. The characters are real. The ideologies of the various 'states' are believable. Unknown in the dark tunnels, the tension reaches its limit. By the end of the book, I was deeply impressed by the world created by the author and how much I worried about the characters." "Russians know how to compose apocalyptic, nightmarish stories. You just need to read" Roadside Picnic "by the Strugatsky brothers," The Day of Wrath "by Gansovsky, or see the amazing" Letters of a Dead Man "by Lopushansky, to feel: they understand well what it means to live on the edge of an abyss. Claustrophobia. and dangerous, frightening dead ends; Metro 2033 is a world of uncertainty and fear, on the verge between survival and death. "

Contemporary Russian literature has been developing dynamically since 1991, the year of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Four generations of writers of different genres fill its inner essence, creating the best Russian books.

Russian literature received a new round of development during the years of perestroika. Writers and books that graced that period:

• Lyudmila Ulitskaya "Medea and Her Children";
• Tatiana Tolstaya "Circle";
• Olga Slavnikova "Waltz with the Monster".

These books cover social and political issues.

Contemporary Russian prose of the 21st century is also moving forward. A whole creative galaxy of writers was formed, including such famous names as Daria Dontsova, Boris Akunin, Alexandra Marinina, Sergei Lukyanenko, Tatyana Ustinova, Polina Dashkova, Evgeny Grishkovets. These authors can be proud of the maximum print runs.

Contemporary literature is created by writers in various genres. As a rule, these are works within the framework of such directions as postmodernism and realism. Among the most popular genres are dystopia, blogging literature, as well as mainstream literature (this includes horror, fantasy, drama, action, detective stories).

The development of modern Russian literature in the style of postmodernism goes hand in hand with the development of society. This style is characterized by the opposition of reality and attitudes towards it. Writers subtly draw the line between existing reality and in an ironic form convey their vision of a change in the social system, changes in society and the predominance of disorder over peace and order.

It is difficult to decide which book is a masterpiece, because each of us has our own ideas about truth. And therefore, thanks to the fruitful work of poets, playwrights, science fiction writers, prose writers, publicists, the great and powerful Russian literature continues to develop and improve. Only time can put the last point in the history of a work, because true and genuine art is not subject to time.

The best Russian detective stories and adventure books

Fascinating and captivating stories in the detective genre require logic and ingenuity from the authors. It is necessary to think over all the subtleties and aspects so that the intrigue keeps the readers in suspense until the last page.

Contemporary Russian prose: the best books for grateful readers

The top 10 most interesting books of Russian prose include the following works.

Culture

This list contains the names of the greatest writers of all time from different nations who wrote in different languages. Those who are at least somehow interested in literature are undoubtedly familiar with them from their wonderful creations.

Today I would like to remember those who remained on the pages of history as outstanding authors of great works that have been in demand for many years, decades, centuries and even millennia.

1) Latin: Publius Virgil Maron

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Marcus Tullius Cicero, Guy Julius Caesar, Publius Ovid Nazon, Quintus Horace Flaccus

You should know Virgil from his famous epic "Aeneid", which is dedicated to the fall of Troy. Virgil is probably the strictest perfectionist in literary history. He wrote his poem at an astonishingly slow rate - only 3 lines a day. He didn’t want to do it any faster, to be sure that it’s impossible to write these three lines better.

In Latin, a subordinate clause, dependent or independent, can be written in any order with a few exceptions. Thus, the poet has a lot of freedom to define how his poetry sounds, without changing the meaning in any way. Virgil considered any option at every stage.

Virgil also wrote two more works in Latin - "Bucolics" (38 BC) and "Georgiki" (29 BC). "Georgiki" - 4 partially didactic poems about agriculture, including all sorts of advice, for example, that you should not plant grapes next to olive trees: olive leaves are very flammable, and at the end of a dry summer, they can catch on fire, like everything else, due to a lightning strike.

He also praised Aristeus, the god of beekeeping, because honey was the only source of sugar for the European world until sugarcane was brought to Europe from the Caribbean. Bees were deified, and Virgil explained how to get a hive if the farmer does not have one: kill a deer, wild boar or bear, rip them open and leave them in the forest, praying to God Aristeus. In a week he will send a bee hive to the carcass of the animal.

Virgil wrote that he would like his poem "Aeneid" burned after his death, as it remained unfinished. However, the emperor of Rome, Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus, refused to do this, thanks to which the poem has survived to this day.

2) Ancient Greek: Homer

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Plato, Aristotle, Thucydides, Apostle Paul, Euripides, Aristophanes

Homer, perhaps, can be called the greatest writer of all times and peoples, but not much is known about him. He was probably a blind man who told stories that were recorded 400 years later. Or, in fact, a whole group of writers worked on the poems, who added something about the Trojan War and the Odyssey.

Anyway, "Iliad" and "Odyssey" were written in ancient Greek, a dialect that came to be called Homeric as opposed to Attic, which followed later and which replaced it. "Iliad" describes the last 10 years of the Greeks fighting the Trojans outside the walls of Troy. The main character is Achilles. He becomes enraged that King Agamemnon treats him and his trophies as his property. Achilles refused to participate in the war, which had lasted for 10 years and in which the Greeks lost thousands of their soldiers in the fight for Troy.

But after persuasion, Achilles allowed his friend (and possibly lover) Patroclus, who no longer wanted to wait, to join the war. However, Patroclus was defeated and killed by Hector, the leader of the Trojan army. Achilles rushed into battle and forced the Trojan battalions to flee. Without assistance, he killed many enemies, fought with the god of the river Scamander. Ultimately Achilles killed Hector, and the poem ends with funeral ceremonies.

"Odyssey" - an unsurpassed adventure masterpiece about the 10-year wanderings of Odysseus, who tried to return home after the end of the Trojan War with his people. The details of the fall of Troy are mentioned very briefly. When Odysseus dared to go to the Land of the Dead, where, among others, he finds Achilles.

These are just two of Homer's works that have survived and have come down to us, however, it is not known for sure whether there were others. However, these works form the basis of all European literature. The poems are written with a dactylic hexameter. Many poems have been written in memory of Homer in the Western tradition.

3) French: Victor Hugo

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: René Descartes, Voltaire, Alexandre Dumas, Moliere, François Rabelais, Marcel Proust, Charles Baudelaire

The French have always been fans of long novels, the longest of which is the cycle "In Search of Lost Time" Marcel Proust. However, Victor Hugo is perhaps the most famous author of French prose and one of the greatest poets of the 19th century.

His most famous works are "Notre Dame Cathedral" (1831) and "Les Miserables" (1862). The first work even formed the basis for the famous cartoon "The Hunchback of Notre Dame"studio Walt disney pictures, however, in Hugo's real-life novel, it did not end so fabulously.

The hunchback Quasimodo was hopelessly in love with the gypsy Esmeralda, who treated him well. However, Frollo, a vicious priest, had his eyes on the beauty. Frollo followed her and saw how she almost turned out to be Captain Phoebus's mistress. As revenge, Frollo handed the gypsy woman to justice, accusing him of killing the captain, whom he himself had killed.

After being tortured, Esmeralda confessed that she had allegedly committed a crime and had to be hanged, but at the last moment she was saved by Quasimodo. In the end, Esmeralda was still executed, Frollo was thrown from the cathedral, and Quasimodo died of hunger, hugging the corpse of his beloved.

"Les Miserables" also not a particularly funny novel, at least one of the main characters - Cosette - survives, despite the fact that she had to suffer almost all her life, like all the characters in the novel. This is a classic story of zealous observance of the law, but almost no one can help those who really need help the most.

4) Spanish: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Jorge Luis Borges

Cervantes' main work is, of course, the famous novel "Cunning hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha"... He also wrote storybooks, a romantic novel "Galatea", novel "Persiles and Sikhismunda" and some other works.

Don Quixote is a rather hilarious character, even today, whose real name is Alonso Kehana. He read so much about warlike knights and their honest ladies that he began to consider himself a knight, traveling through the countryside and getting into all sorts of adventures, forcing everyone who meets him on the way to remember him for recklessness. He befriended the ordinary farmer Sancho Panza, who is trying to bring Don Quixote back to reality.

It is known that Don Quixote tried to fight against windmills, saved people who usually did not need his help, and was beaten many times. The second part of the book was published 10 years after the first and is the first work of modern literature. The characters all know about the story of Don Quixote, which is told in the first part.

Now everyone he meets is trying to ridicule him and Panso, testing their faith in the chivalrous spirit. Ultimately, he returns to reality when he loses his fight with the Knight of the White Moon, goes home, falls ill and dies, leaving all the money to his niece on the condition that she does not marry a man who reads reckless tales of chivalry.

5) Dutch: Jost van den Vondel

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Peter Hooft, Jacob Kats

Vondel is the most prominent writer in Holland in the 17th century. He was a poet and playwright and represented the "Golden Age" of Dutch literature. His most famous play is "Geisbrecht of Amsterdam", historical drama, which was performed on New Year's Day at the city theater in Amsterdam from 1438 to 1968.

The play tells the story of Geisbrecht IV, who, according to the play, invaded Amsterdam in 1303 in order to restore the family's honor and return the titled nobility. He founded a kind of baronial title in these places. Vondel's historical sources were incorrect. In fact, the invasion was carried out by Geisbrecht's son, Jan, who turned out to be a real hero, overthrowing the tyranny that reigned in Amsterdam. Today Geisbrecht is a national hero because of this writer's mistake.

Vondel also wrote another masterpiece - an epic poem called "John the Baptist" (1662) about the life of John. This work is the national epic of the Netherlands. Vondel is also the author of the play "Lucifer" (1654), which explores the soul of a biblical character, as well as his character and motives in order to answer the question of why he did what he did. This play inspired Englishman John Milton to write 13 years later Paradise Lost.

6) Portuguese: Luis de Camões

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: José Maria Esa de Queiroz, Fernando António Nugeira Pesoa

Camões is considered the greatest poet in Portugal. His most famous work is "Lusiad" (1572). The Lusiads are the people who inhabited the Roman region of Lusitania, where modern Portugal is located. The name comes from the name Luza (Lusus), he was a friend of the god of wine Bacchus, he is considered the progenitor of the Portuguese people. "Lusiad" - an epic poem consisting of 10 songs.

The poem tells about all the famous Portuguese sea voyages to discover, conquer and colonize new countries and cultures. She is somewhat similar to "Odyssey" Homer, Camões praises Homer and Virgil many times. The work begins with a description of Vasco da Gama's journey.

This is a historical poem that recreates many battles, the Revolution of 1383-85, the discovery of da Gama, trade with the city of Calcutta, India. The Louisiades were always watched by the Greek gods, although da Gama, being a Catholic, prayed to his own God. At the end, the poem mentions Magellan and speaks of the glorious future of Portuguese navigation.

7) German: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Friedrich von Schiller, Arthur Schopenhauer, Heinrich Heine, Franz Kafka

When speaking of German music, one cannot fail to mention Bach, in the same way German literature would not be so complete without Goethe. Many great writers have written about him or used his ideas to shape their style. Goethe wrote four novels, a great many poems and documentaries, scientific essays.

Undoubtedly his most famous work is the book "The Suffering of Young Werther" (1774). Goethe founded the German Romantic movement. Beethoven's 5th symphony completely coincides in mood with Goethe's "Werther".

Novel "The Suffering of Young Werther" talks about the dissatisfied romanticism of the protagonist, which leads to his suicide. The story is told in the form of letters and made the epistolary novel popular for at least the next century and a half.

However, the masterpiece of Goethe's pen is still a poem "Faust"which consists of 2 parts. The first part was published in 1808, the second - in 1832, the year of the writer's death. The legend of Faust existed long before Goethe, but Goethe's dramatic story remains the most famous story about this hero.

Faust is a scientist whose incredible knowledge and wisdom pleased God. God sends Mephistopheles or the Devil to check Faust. The story of the deal with the devil has often been raised in literature, but perhaps the most famous is the story of Goethe's Faust. Faust signs an agreement with the Devil, promising his soul in exchange for the fact that the Devil will do what Faust wants on Earth.

He becomes young again and falls in love with the girl Gretchen. Gretchen takes a potion from Faust, which should help her mother from insomnia, but the potion poisons her. This drives Gretchen insane as she drowns her newborn baby by signing her death warrant. Faust and Mephistopheles break into the prison to rescue her, but Gretchen refuses to go with them. Faust and Mephistopheles hide, and God will grant Gretchen forgiveness while she awaits execution.

The second part is incredibly difficult to read, as the reader needs to have a good understanding of Greek mythology. This is a kind of continuation of the story that began in the first part. Faust, with the help of Mephistopheles, becomes incredibly strong and depraved until the very end of the story. He remembers the pleasure of being a good person and dies right there. Mephistopheles comes for his soul, but the angels take it for themselves, they stand up for the soul of Faust, who is reborn and ascends to Heaven.

8) Russian: Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov, Fyodor Dostoevsky

Today Pushkin is remembered as the father of primordial Russian literature, in contrast to that Russian literature, which had a clear shade of Western influence. First of all, Pushkin was a poet, but he wrote in all genres. Drama is considered his masterpiece "Boris Godunov" (1831) and a poem "Eugene Onegin" (1825-32 years).

The first work is a play, the second is a novel in poetic form. "Onegin" was written exclusively in sonnets, and Pushkin invented a new form of sonnet, which distinguishes his work from the sonnets of Petrarch, Shakespeare and Edmund Spencer.

The main character of the poem - Eugene Onegin - is the model on which all Russian literary heroes are based. Onegin is treated like a person who does not meet any norms accepted in society. He travels, gambles, fights duels, is called a sociopath, though not violent or evil. This person, rather, does not care about the values \u200b\u200band rules that are accepted in society.

Many of Pushkin's poems formed the basis of ballets and operas. It is very difficult to translate them into any other language, mostly because poetry just cannot sound the same in another language. This is what distinguishes poetry from prose. Languages \u200b\u200boften do not match the capabilities of words. It is known that in the Inuit language of the Eskimos there are 45 different words for snow.

Nevertheless, "Onegin" translated into many languages. Vladimir Nabokov translated the poem into English, but instead of one volume he got as many as 4. Nabokov kept all the definitions and descriptive details, but completely ignored the music of poetry.

All this is due to the fact that Pushkin had an incredibly unique style of writing, which allowed him to touch on all aspects of the Russian language, even inventing new syntactic and grammatical forms and words, establishing many rules that are used by almost all Russian writers even today.

9) Italian: Dante Alighieri

Other great authors who wrote in the same language: no

Name Durante in Latin means "hardy" or "eternal"... It was Dante who helped to streamline the various Italian dialects of his time into modern Italian. The dialect of the Tuscany region, where Dante was born in Florence, is the standard for all Italians thanks to "Divine Comedy" (1321), a masterpiece by Dante Alighieri and one of greatest works world literature of all times.

At the time this work was written, the Italian regions each had their own dialect, which were quite different from each other. Today, when you want to learn Italian like a foreign language, you will almost always start with the Florentine version of Tuscany because of its importance in literature.

Dante travels to Hell and Purgatory to learn about the punishments that sinners are serving. There are different penalties for different crimes. Those who are accused of lust are eternally driven by the wind, in spite of fatigue, because during life the wind of voluptuousness drove them away.

Those whom Dante considers heretics are guilty of splitting the church into several branches, among them also the prophet Muhammad. They are sentenced to split from neck to groin, and the punishment is carried out by the devil with a sword. In such a ripped state, they walk in a circle.

AT "Comedy" there are also descriptions of Paradise, which are also unforgettable. Dante uses Ptolemy's concept of paradise that Heaven consists of 9 concentric spheres, each of which brings the author and Beatrice, his beloved and guide, closer to God at the very top.

After meeting with various famous personalities from the Bible, Dante finds himself face to face with the Lord God, depicted in the form of three beautiful circles of light merging into one, from which Jesus emerges, the embodiment of God on Earth.

Dante is also the author of other smaller poems and essays. One of the works - "On folk eloquence" talks about the importance of Italian as a spoken language. He also wrote a poem "New life" with passages in prose, which defends noble love. No other writer knew the language as flawlessly as Dante knew Italian.

10) English: William Shakespeare

Other great writers in the same language: John Milton, Samuel Beckett, Jeffrey Chaucer, Virginia Woolf, Charles Dickens

Voltaire called Shakespeare "this drunken fool", and his works "this huge dung heap"... Nevertheless, Shakespeare's influence on literature is undeniable and not only in English, but also in the literature of most other languages \u200b\u200bof the world. Today Shakespeare is one of the most translated writers, his complete works have been translated into 70 languages, and various plays and poems - into more than 200.

About 60 percent of all catchphrases, quotes and idioms in the English language come from King James Bibles (English translation of the Bible), 30 percent from Shakespeare.

According to the rules of Shakespeare's time, tragedies at the end required the death of at least one main character, but in an ideal tragedy everyone dies: "Hamlet" (1599-1602), "King Lear" (1660), "Othello" (1603), "Romeo and Juliet" (1597).

In contrast to the tragedy, there is a comedy in which someone is sure to marry at the end, and in an ideal comedy all the characters get married and get married: "A dream in a summer night" (1596), "Much ado about nothing" (1599), "Twelfth Night" (1601), "Windsor Ridiculous" (1602).

Shakespeare was a master at sharpening tensions between characters in a superb combination with plot. He knew how, like no one else, to organically describe human nature. Shakespeare's real genius is the skepticism that permeates all of his works, sonnets, plays and poems. He, as it should be, praises the highest moral principles of humanity, but these principles are always expressed in an ideal world.

Famous writers and poets

Abe Kobo(1924-1993) - Japanese writer, poet, screenwriter, director. The novels "Woman in the Sands", "Alien Face", "Burnt Map", etc.

Amadou Jorge(1912-2001) - Brazilian writer, public and political figure. His novels (Endless Lands, Gabriela, Cinnamon and Cloves, Shepherds of the Night, Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands, Shop of Miracles, Teresa Batista, Tired of War, Ambush) have been translated almost into 50 languages \u200b\u200bof the world, repeatedly filmed, formed the basis of theatrical and radio performances.

Andersen Hans Christian(1805-1875) - Danish writer and poet, author of the world famous fairy tales for children and adults: "The Ugly Duckling", "The King's New Dress", "Shadow", "The Princess and the Pea", etc.

Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich(1871-1919) - Russian writer Silver Age... Stories ("Bergamot and Garaska", etc.), dramas ("Anatema", etc.). AT last years life became close to decadents.

Updike John(b. 1932) - American novelist, poet, essayist and literary critic. Updike's most famous novel is a series of novels, the main character of which is a character named Harry Engstrom, nicknamed Rabbit: "Rabbit, run!" (1960), The Rabbit Healed (1971), The Rabbit Got Rich (1981).

Ariosto Ludovico(1474-1533) - poet-humanist of the Italian Renaissance. His poem "Furious Roland" is imbued with subtle irony.

Aristophanes(c. 450 BC - between 387 and 380 BC) - Ancient Greek playwright, "father of comedy", the most famous representative of the so-called ancient Attic comedy.

Akhmatova Anna Andreevna (Gorenko)(1889-1966) - Russian poet. In her youth she joined the Acmeists (collections "Evening", "Rosary"). The characteristic features of Akhmatova's work are loyalty to the moral foundations of life, a subtle understanding of the psychology of feeling, an understanding of the national tragedies of the 20th century, coupled with personal experiences, a gravitation towards the classical style of poetic language. The autobiographical cycle of poems "Requiem" is one of the first poems dedicated to the victims of the 1930s repression.

Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel(1894-1941) - Russian Soviet writer. Stories about the Civil War in the collection "Cavalry", stories ("Odessa stories"), plays, etc.

Byron George Noel Gordon(1788–1824) - English romantic poet (poems "Corsair", "Manfred", etc.).

Balzac Honore de(1799-1850) - French writer. He wrote a cycle of novels and short stories "The Human Comedy", consisting of 90 works, in which he showed the most different aspects of the life of contemporary society.

Balmont Konstantin Dmitrievich (1867-1942) -russian symbolist poet, essayist, one of the most prominent representatives of Russian poetry of the Silver Age.

Baratynsky Evgeny Abramovich (1800-1844) -russian romantic poet, author of many elegies and philosophical lyric poems.

Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787-1855) -russian poet. He headed the Anacreontic movement in Russian poetry, praised the fun and joy of life.

Begbede Frederick(R. 1965) is a contemporary French prose writer, publicist, literary critic and editor.

Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich (1811-1848) -russian literary critic, publicist.

Bely Andrey (Bugaev Boris Nikolaevich) (1880-1934)- Russian writer, poet, critic, one of the leading figures of Russian Symbolism.

Belyaev Alexander Romanovich (1884-1942) -soviet science fiction writer, one of the founders of Soviet science fiction literature. Among the famous works: "The Head of Professor Dowell", "Amphibian Man", "Ariel", "Star of the CEC" (CEC - the initials of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky) and many others (more than 70 science fiction works in total, including 13 novels).

Beranger Pierre Jean (1780-1857) - French songwriter, satirist. His work is distinguished by humor, optimism, rejection of bigotry. Beranger's songs received widespread popularity.

Burgess Anthony (1917-1993) - English novelist, essayist and translator, whose talent was most clearly manifested in a brilliant command of the language. Burgess's most famous work is A Clockwork Orange. (1962).

Bestuzhev-Marlinsky (Bestuzhev) Alexander Alexandrovich

(1797-1837) - Russian writer, Decembrist. One of the first novelists, he founded the almanac "Polar Star".

Bianki Vitaly Valentinovich(1894-1959) - Russian Soviet children's writer. He wrote popular books about nature ("Lesnaya Gazeta", etc.).

Bierce Ambrose Gwinnett(1842-?) American satirist writer. In his dark, so-called "scary" stories, he explored the dark sides of the human character. At the end of 1913, the writer went to Mexico, engulfed in revolutionary events, from where he wrote his last letter to his daughter on December 26. The further fate of the writer is not known for certain.

Beecher Stowe Harriet(1811-1896) - American writer. Uncle Tom's Cabin reveals the horrors of slavery and is imbued with sympathy and compassion for black Americans.

Blok Alexander Alexandrovich(1880-1921) - Russian poet ("Poems about the Beautiful Lady", the poem "The Twelve"). His poetry is characterized by penetration, awareness of the tragedy modern man, polished form.

Bo Ju Yi(772–846) - a classic of Chinese poetry ("Qin tunes"). Bo Ju Yi's quatrains are marked by clarity and depth of thought.

Boccaccio Giovanni(1313-1375) - the famous Italian writer and poet, an outstanding representative of the humanistic literature of the Renaissance. The author of poems on the subjects of ancient mythology, the psychological story "Fiammetta", pastorals, sonnets. The main work - "The Decameron" - a book of erotic, realistic novellas, imbued with humanistic ideas, the spirit of free thought and anti-clericalism, rejection of ascetic morality, cheerful humor.

Beaumarchais Pierre Oposten Caron de(1732-1799) - French playwright, who became famous for the play "The Barber of Seville", the name of whose hero Figaro became a household name.

Borges Jorge Luis(1889-1986) - Argentine writer, essayist, culturologist, consummate master of the novel.

Brecht Berthold(1898-1956) - German playwright, prose writer, poet, director ("Threepenny Opera", "Threepenny Novel", "The Life of Galileo", "The Kind Man from Cezuan", etc.).

Brodsky Joseph Alexandrovich(1942–1996) - Russian Soviet and American poet, essayist, playwright, translator, 1987 Nobel Prize winner in Literature. His poems are distinguished by the depth of philosophical thought and perfect form.

Bradbury Ray Douglas(b. 1920) - American science fiction writer (The Martian Chronicles, Dandelion Wine, Fahrenheit 451, etc.).

Bryusov Valery Yakovlevich(1873–1924) - Russian poet, poetry theorist (collections of poems "To the City and the World", "Dali", etc.).

Bulgakov Mikhail Afanasevich(1891-1940) - Russian writer and playwright. Author of novels, novellas, collections of stories, feuilletons and about two dozen plays (novels "The White Guard", "The Master and Margarita", the play "Run", etc.).

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich(1870–1953) - Russian poet, writer, Honorary Academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1909), Nobel Prize Laureate in Literature in 1933.

Vega Lope de(1562-1635) - Spanish playwright, founder of Spanish national drama.

Virgil(70-19 BC) - classical poet Ancient Rome, the author of the poem "Aeneid" about the legendary founder of Rome.

Verlaine Paul(1844-1896) - French poet, one of the founders of Symbolism and decadence.

Verne Jules(1828-1905) - French science fiction writer, who created more than 65 novels and other works that greatly contributed to the formation of science fiction literature.

Villon Francois(b. between 1.4.1431 and 19.4.1432 -?), French poet. In 1463 he was convicted of a fight and sentenced to be hanged. In anticipation of death, he wrote "The Ballad of the Hanged." But the execution was canceled, and Villon was expelled from Paris. Later Villon took part in the competitions of poets at the court of the Duke Charles of Orleans. Since 1464, his fate is unknown.

Vizbor Yuri Iosifovich(1934-1984) - Russian poet, bard, film actor. The author of words and music of many songs.

Voznesensky Andrey Andreevich(b. 1933) - Russian Soviet poet, architect by education. He searched and found new, modern poetic forms (collection "Antiworlds", "Oza", etc.).

Voynich Ethel Lillian(1864-1960) - English writer and composer. The pinnacle of creativity is the novel "The Gadfly".

Voloshin (Kirienko-Voloshin) Maximilian Alexandrovich(1877-1932) - Russian poet-decadent, distinguished by the originality of the form and the depth of philosophical generalization (collections "Iverni", "Demons deaf and dumb", etc.).

Voltaire (Marie Francois Arouet)(1694-1778) - French writer, educator and philosopher (Candide and others), a fighter against religious intolerance and obscurantism.

Galich Alexander (Ginzburg Alexander Arkadievich) (1918-1977) -russian poet, opposition to the Soviet regime. His poems and songs were distributed throughout the country in tape recordings and samizdat.

Gamzatov Rasul Gamzatovich(b. 1923) is an Avar Soviet poet, whose work is distinguished by high lyricism, folk color and humanism.

Hamsun (Pedersen) Knut(1859-1952) - Norwegian writer and playwright. Psychological novels ("Hunger", "Pan" and others, plays).

Garshin Vsevolod Mikhailovich(1855-1888) - Russian writer. In his stories ("Four Days", "Coward", etc.), a heightened sense of social injustice is expressed.

Gauf Wilhelm(1802-1827) - German writer-storyteller ("Little Muck" and others).

Hasek Yaroslav(1883–1923) - Czech satirist writer, author of The Adventures of the Gallant Soldier Švejk, one of the best satirical novels in the history of literature.

Heine Heinrich(1797-1856) - an outstanding lyric German poet ("Germany. Winter's Tale") and publicist.

Herzen Alexander Ivanovich(1812–1870) - Russian writer and publicist, emigrant, founder of the Free Russian Printing House in London, publisher of the Kolokol magazine, author of many stories and novels (Past and Thoughts, etc.).

Hesse Hermann(1877-1962) - German writer, poet, critic, publicist. Nobel Prize Laureate.

Goethe Johann Wolfgang(1749–1832) - the great German poet and thinker, the founder of modern German literature.

Gogol Nikolay Vasilievich(1809-1852) - Russian writer and playwright, author of the plays "The Inspector General", "The Marriage", the epic "Dead Souls" and others. Head of the so-called "natural school", satirist, philosopher. He had a tremendous influence on the development of Russian and Ukrainian literature.

Galsworthy John(1867-1933) - English writer, author of the trilogies "The Forsyte Saga", "Contemporary Comedy", "End of the Chapter". Nobel laureate.

Homer(VIII – VII centuries BC) - the legendary poet of Ancient Greece, the author of the epic poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey".

Goncourt, brothers Edmond(1822-1896) and Jules(1830-1870) - classics of French literature. Novels from the life of various strata of French society ("Germinie Lacert", "Rene Moprin"), memoirs. The story "The Zemgano Brothers", written by Edmond after his brother's death, was widely known. Founders of the Goncourt Prize.

Gonchar Oles (Alexander Terentyevich)(1918-1995) - Ukrainian Soviet writer. Novels "Cathedral", "Tronka" and others. Classic of modern Ukrainian literature.

Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich(1812-1891) - Russian writer. Novels " An ordinary story"," Oblomov "," Break ", a cycle of travel sketches" Frigate "Pallada with< » и др.

Horace (Quintus Horace Flaccus)(65-8 BC. E.) - Ancient Roman poet, author of satyrs, odes, messages, which became a model of classicism.

Gorky Maxim (Peshkov Alexey Maksimovich)(1868-1936) - Russian writer and playwright, public figure. In his works he reflected the broad picture of Russian life before the revolution.

Hoffmann Ernst Theodor Amadeus(1776–1822) - German writer, storyteller, composer and painter, who possessed subtle irony and bizarre fantasy with a touch of mysticism.

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich(1795-1829) - Russian writer, poet and diplomat, author of the rhymed play "Woe from Wit".

Grimm, brothers Jacob(1785-1863) and William(1786-1859) - German scientists and storytellers, philologists and folklorists.

Green Alexander (Grinevsky Alexander Stepanovich)(1880-1932) - Russian writer, romantic. He sang the high moral qualities of a person. Extravaganza "Scarlet Sails", the story "Running on the Waves", etc.

Green Graham(1904-1991) - English writer, poet, playwright, publicist, screenwriter, critic. Master of Political Detectives (The Istanbul Express, The Quiet American, Our Man in Havana, etc.).

Gulak-Artemovskiy Petr Petrovich(1790-1865) - a prominent Ukrainian writer and fabulist. In the history of Ukrainian literature, the significance of Gulak-Artemovsky is determined by his position as the next poet after Kotlyarevsky, who, using the latter's creative methods (burlesque, travesty), tried to introduce a number of new genres into Ukrainian literature (ballads: "Tvardovsky", "Rybak").

Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich(1886–1921) - Russian poet of the Silver Age, acmeist, romantic. His poems are marked by sophistication of form, decorativeness, brightness of poetic language.

Hugo Victor Marie(1802-1885) - French classic writer, author of the well-known novels "Notre Dame Cathedral", "Workers of the Sea", "Les Miserables" and others, plays.

Davydov Denis Vasilievich(1784-1839) - Russian poet, hussar, general, hero-partisan of the Patriotic War of 1812, author of "hussar lyrics".

Dal Vladimir Ivanovich(1801-1872) - Russian ethnographer and linguist, compiler of the famous four-volume "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language".

Dante Alighieri(1265-1321) - Italian poet, creator of the Italian literary language. The pinnacle of Dante's creativity is the poem "The Divine Comedy".

Darrell Gerald Malcolm(1925-1995) - English scientist-zoologist, writer and director, author of more than 30 books, which, thanks to a relaxed manner and unsurpassed humor, brought him worldwide fame.

Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich(1743–1816) - Russian poet of the Enlightenment era, a representative of classicism, who significantly transformed it ("Felitsa", "For the Lords and Judges", etc.).

Defoe Daniel(1660-1731) - English writer, author of "Robinson Crusoe". He spoke in defense of religious tolerance and freedom of speech.

Jalil Musa(1906-1944) - Tatar poet. He died in the dungeons of the Gestapo, from where, before his death, he passed on the cycle of poems "The Moabite Notebook".

Jerome Klapka Jerome(1859-1927) - English writer-humorist, author of the popular until now novel "Three in a boat, not counting a dog."

Joyce James(1882-1941) - Irish writer, head of the stream of consciousness school. His novel Ulysses is considered by many critics to be the most innovative work of the 20th century.

Dickens Charles(1812-1870) - English writer, one of the greatest English-speaking prose writers of the 19th century, humanist, classic of world literature. He is the author of the novels The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, Dombey and Son, Bleak House, The Adventures of Oliver Twist, etc.

Dovlatov Sergey Donatovich(1941–1990) - Russian writer, since 1978 in the USA. In his autobiographical sketches, short stories, and novellas, he ironically recreates the absurd Soviet reality and the life of the Russian emigration.

Dode Alphonse(1840–1897) - French writer, author of the humorous trilogy "The Extraordinary Adventures of Tartarin from Tarasco-na", etc.

Dos Passos John(1896-1970) - American writer, representative of " lost generation"In the First World War. The epic trilogy "USA", experimental in form, and others.

Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich(1821-1881) - an outstanding Russian writer. In the novels "Crime and Punishment", "The Brothers Karamazov" and others, he passionately sought the causes of human vices, looking for ways to social and personal harmony.

Dreiser Theodore(1871-1945) - American writer (trilogy "Titan", "Financier", "Genius").

Doo fu(712-770) - Chinese poet. His poetry is called “history in verse”.

Dumas-father Alexander(1802-1870) - French writer, whose adventure novels on a historical theme ("The Three Musketeers", "Twenty Years Later", etc.) made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world.

Dürrenmatt Friedrich(1921–1990) - Swiss playwright, philosopher, essayist (novel The Judge and His Executioner, plays The Accident, Physics, etc.).

Euripides(about 480 BC - 406 BC) - Ancient Greek playwright. Of his works, 17 tragedies (out of 92) and one drama of satyrs ("Cyclops") have survived to this day.

Ershov Petr Pavlovich(1815-1869) - Russian writer, author of the fairy tale "The Little Humpbacked Horse".

Yesenin Sergei Alexandrovich(1895-1925) - Russian poet, one of the most popular and famous poets of the 20th century.

Efremov Ivan Antonovich(1907-1972) - Russian Soviet science fiction writer, author of the novels "The Andromeda Nebula", "Hour of the Bull", "Razor's Edge", etc.

Georges Sand (Dupin Amanda Lucille)(1804-1876) - French writer, author of the novels "The Sin of Monsieur Antoine", "Consuelo", in which she defended the idea of \u200b\u200bpersonal liberation.

Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich(1783-1852) - Russian poet and translator, friend of Alexander Pushkin, author of many ballads and songs. One of the founders of Russian romanticism.

Zola Emil(1840-1902) - French writer, one of the most significant representatives of realism of the second half of the XIX century. - the leader and theorist of the so-called naturalistic movement.

Zoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich(1895-1958) - Russian Soviet writer, humorist and satirist. Numerous stories, philosophical essays "Blue Book".

Ilf Ilya (Fainzilberg Ilya Arnoldovich)(1897-1937) - Russian Soviet writer-satirist (together with E. Petrov - "Twelve Chairs", "Golden Calf").

Ionesco Eugene(1909-1994) - French playwright of Romanian origin, one of the founders of the aesthetic movement of absurdism (theater of the absurd).

Irving Washington(1783-1859) - American writer, one of the founders of classical American literature, the first American literary man to achieve widespread recognition in Europe.

Kaverin Veniamin Alexandrovich(1902-1982) - Russian Soviet writer, author of the novels "Two Captains", "Open Book", etc.

Camões (Camoins) Luis di(1524-1580) - the largest Portuguese poet of the Renaissance, the author of the epic poem "Lusiada" about Vasco da Gama's voyage to India.

Karamzin Nikolay Mikhailovich(1766-1826) - Russian writer-sentimentalist, historian (" Poor Lisa"," History of the Russian State "in 12 volumes).

Kataev Valentin Petrovich(1897-1986) - Russian Soviet writer, author of the stories "A lonely sail whitens", "The son of a regiment", etc., memoirs about his contemporaries ("My diamond crown").

Kafka Franz(1883-1924) - Austrian writer. Author of the novels The Trial, The Castle, America, as well as a number of short stories. His works, combining elements of expressionism and surrealism, had a significant impact on the philosophy and culture of the 20th century.

Kvitka-Osnovyanenko (Kvitka) Grigory Fedorovich(1778-1843) - Ukrainian writer and playwright, representative of the "natural school". He wrote comedies ("Shelmenko-Batman" and others), novels ("Pan Khalyavsky" and others).

Kesey Ken(1935-2001) - American writer who is considered one of the main writers of generations of beatniks and hippies, who had a great influence on the formation of these movements and their culture. Kesey's most famous work is One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.

Kipling Joseph Rudyard(1865-1936) - English poet and writer (ballads, poems, stories about the life of a boy among the animals "Mowgli", etc.), the first Englishman to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Kolas Yakub (Mitskevich Konstantin Mikhailovich)(1882-1956) - Belarusian Soviet poet and prose writer, one of the founders of modern Belarusian literature.

Conan Doyle Arthur(1859–1930) - English writer, classic of the detective genre. The best known are his detective stories about Sherlock Holmes, science fiction about Professor Challenger, humorous stories about Brigadier Gerard, as well as historical novels.

Korolenko Vladimir Galaktionovich(1853–1921) - Russian writer (story "The Blind Musician", etc.). Democrat and humanist.

Cortazar Julio(1914-1984) - Argentine writer. Among the most famous works Cortazara's novels include The Game of Classics, 62. Model for Assembly ”,“ The Book of Manuel ”, collection of stories“ Bestiary ”, etc.

Bonfire Charles de(1827-1879) - an outstanding Belgian writer, author of the novel The Legend of Ulenspiegel.

Kotlyarevsky Ivan Petrovich(1769–1838) - an outstanding Ukrainian writer, playwright, the first classic of new Ukrainian literature, the first author who began to write in the Ukrainian language. One of the ideologues of the Enlightenment in Ukraine.

Kotsyubinsky Mikhail Mikhailovich(1864-1913) - Ukrainian writer, classic of Ukrainian literature (story "Fata morgana", etc.).

Coelho Paolo(b. 1947) - Brazilian writer and poet. He has published a total of about 150 books - novels, annotated anthologies, collections of short stories-parables and children's stories.

Christy Agatha(1891-1976) - English writer, classic of the detective genre (85 novels, plays, short stories).

Krylov Ivan Andreevich(1769–1844) - the great Russian fabulist and playwright. Created over 200 fables.

Kunanbayev Abay(1845-1904) - Kazakh poet, founder of the new written Kazakh literature.

Kupala Yanka (Lutsevich Ivan Dominikovich)(1882–1942) - classic of Belarusian literature, poet, playwright, publicist.

Cooper James Fenimore(1789-1851) - the famous American novelist, author of many adventure novels (St. John's Wort, Pathfinder, The Last of the Mohicans, etc.).

Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich(1870-1938) - Russian writer-humanist, author of many stories and stories ("Duel", "Pit", " Garnet bracelet" and etc.).

Carroll Lewis (Dodgson Charles Lutuage) (1832-1898)- English writer and mathematician, author of the story "Alice in Wonderland".

Lagerlöf Selma (1858-1940)- Swedish writer, author of the book for children "The Wonderful Journey of Nils Holgersson" and others, the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Larni Martti Johannes (1909-1993) -finnish writer, poet, journalist. The author of the novels "Dear Poor and Their Motley Company", "Impatient Passion", "Heaven Has Come to Earth", "The Fourth Vertebra, or the Unwitting Swindler", "A Beautiful Pig, or Memoirs of Economic Counselor Minna Karlsson-Kananen", "About This Aloud do not speak".

Lafontaine Jean de (1621-1695) -french fabulist, playwright, writer, thinker and satirist.

Lem Stanislav(R. 1921) - Polish science fiction writer, whose works have been translated into more than 40 languages, philosopher, futurologist, author of "Star Diaries", stories "Solaris", "Return from the Stars", etc.

Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich (1814-1841) -russian poet, classic of Russian literature. His poems, poems, the story "A Hero of Our Time", along with the works of Alexander Pushkin, became textbooks ("To the death of a poet", "Borodino", the poems "Mtsyri", "The Demon", etc.).

Leskov Nikolai Semenovich (1831-1895) -russian writer, author of many stories and stories from folk life, a great master of the language.

Li Bo (711-762) is a Chinese poet, one of the most revered poets in the history of Chinese literature. He left behind about 1100 works.

Lindgren Astrid Anna Emilia (1907-2002) - Swedish writer, author of world famous works for children "Pippi Longstocking", "Carlson Who Lives on the Roof", "Emil from Lönneberg", etc.

Longfellow Henry Wadsworth (1807-1882) -american poet. The author of "Song of Hiawatha" and other poems and poems.

London Jack (Griffith John)(1876-1916) - American writer. Stories about the life of the North, the utopia novel "Iron Heel", the novel "Martin Eden", etc.

Lorca Federico Garcia(1898-1936) - an outstanding Spanish poet and playwright, the author of many poems, characterized by fiery temperament and a presentiment of a tragic end.

Lucian(c. 120-190) - an ancient Greek writer. Lucian's work, which has not come down to us in the originals, is extensive and includes philosophical dialogues, satires, biographies and novels of adventure and travel (often frankly parody) related to the prehistory of science fiction.

Lucretius (Car Titus Lucretius)(c. 99–55 BC) - Roman poet and philosopher. In the poem "On the nature of things" he systematically outlined the materialistic philosophy of antiquity.

Mine Reed (Reed Thomas Mine)(1818–1883) - English writer, author of fascinating adventure and adventure novels (“The Headless Horseman”, etc.).

Mandelstam Osip Emilievich(1891-1938) - Russian poet, one of the founders of acmeism, distinguished by a vivid and imaginative perception of the world. Repressed, died in camps (collection of poetry "Stone", cycle of poems "Voronezh notebooks", etc.)

Mann Thomas(1875-1955) - the great German writer, essayist, master of the epic novel, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. The novel "Buddenbrooks" and others.

Marshak Samuil Yakovlevich(1887-1964) - Russian Soviet poet, translator, classic of literature for children.

Matsuo Basho (Munefusa)(1644-1694) - the great Japanese poet who played big role in the formation of the poetic genre haikai (hokku).

Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich(1893–1930) - Russian Soviet poet, reformer of the poetic genre, author of numerous poems and poems ("A Cloud in Trousers", "About This", "With All His Voice", etc.).

Melville Herman(1819-1891) - American writer. In his youth, Melville spent several years among the cannibal tribe of the Marquesas Islands. The most famous work of the writer is the novel "Moby Dick, or the White Whale" - a complex work full of monologues, philosophical digressions, stories about the life of whales (which at times look like pages from a biology textbook) and the intricacies of whaling.

Merimee Prosper(1803-1870) - French writer, master of the short story (including Carmen, which served as the basis for the opera by J. Wiese), as well as historical novels and plays.

Milne Alain Alexander(1882-1956) - English writer, author of poems and fairy tales for children ("Winnie the Pooh and everything, everything, everything", etc.).

Milton John(1608-1674) - English poet and publicist, author of poems (Paradise Lost, Paradise Returned, etc.).

Mishima Yukio (Hiraoka Kimitake)(1925-1970) - Japanese writer, playwright, theater and film director, actor. He is the author of 40 novels, 15 of which were filmed during his lifetime, as well as many plays, short stories, several volumes of literary essays. On November 25, 1970, together with several comrades, he tried to seize a military base and call on fellow citizens to carry out a coup d'etat. After failing this attempt, he committed suicide by committing seppuku.

Mitchell Margaret Manerlin(1900-1949) - American writer, known as the author of the novel "Gone with the Wind" (1936).

Mitskevich Adam(1798-1855) - Polish poet, founder of romanticism, is considered a national poet and one of the greatest representatives of Slavic literature.

Moliere (Poquelin Jean Baptiste)(1622-1673) - French playwright and actor. Created a new type of comedy, exposing social vices, the greatest comedian of France and new Europe, the creator of the classic comedy, an actor by profession, theater director. Comedies "Don Juan", "Tartuffe", "Misanthrope", etc.

Maupassant Guy de(1850-1893) - French writer. He exposed hypocrisy, spiritual squalor, hypocrisy of contemporary society (the novels Life, Mont-Oriol, Dear Friend, etc.).

Vladimir Nabokov(1899-1977) - Russian and American writer. He wrote in Russian, and since the 1940s - in English. Among the most famous examples of creativity can be noted the novels "Mashenka", "Luzhin's Defense", "Invitation to Execution", "Gift". The writer gained fame among the general public after the scandalous novel "Lolita" was published, after which several screen versions were later made.

Navoi Nizam-ad-din (Mir Alisher)(1441-1501) - Uzbek writer, poet, scientist. The pinnacle of creativity is the book "The Five" ("Khamsa"), which contains five poems, including the most famous "Leili and Majnun".

Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich(1821-1878) - Russian poet. Many of his poems became textbooks, and those set to music became folk songs.

Neruda Pablo (Basualto Naftali Ricardo Reyes)(1904-1973) - Chilean poet ("Universal Song", etc.), Nobel Prize winner.

Nizami Ganjavi (Abu Mohammed Ilyas Ibn Yusuf) (1141-1209) -azerbaijani poet and thinker, author of many lyric poems and poems, including "Seven beauties" and others.

Ovid (Nazon Publius Ovid) (43bC e. - OK. 18 n. BC) - Roman poet, author of the mythological epic "Metamorphoses", poems and poems about love.

Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich(1924–1997) - Russian poet, bard, writer. His poems and historical stories are distinguished by deep lyricism and humanity.

Orwell George (Eric Arthur Blair)(1903-1950) - English writer and publicist, master of social dystopia, exposing the totalitarian system ("Animal Farm", "1984").

Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich(1823-1886) - Russian playwright, recognized as the founder of the Russian trend in the history of world drama.

Pavic Milorad(b. 1929) - Serbian writer, poet, translator and literary historian. The novel "Khazar Dictionary" brought Pavich worldwide fame.

Palahniuk (Palagnuk) Chuck(b. 1962) is a contemporary American writer and journalist. He is best known as the author of the book "Fight Club", based on which the film of the same name was produced in 1999.

Boris Pasternak(1890-1960) - Russian poet, prose writer, translator ("My sister is life", "Doctor Zhivago", etc.), who created works that are distinguished by the depth of thinking and the beauty of poetic language.

Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich(1892-1968) - Russian Soviet writer, romantic, master of lyric prose ("Golden Rose", etc.).

Perrault Charles(1628-1703) - French writer-storyteller ("Puss in Boots", "Cinderella", etc.).

Petofi Shandor(1823-1849) - Hungarian poet, revolutionary, national hero, author of poems ("Vityaz Janos" and others).

Petrarch Francesco(1304-1374) - Italian poet, head of the older generation of humanists, one of the greatest figures of the Italian Renaissance.

Petrov Evgeny (Evgeny Petrovich Kataev)(1903-1942) - Russian Soviet writer, author (together with I. Ilf) of the novels "Twelve Chairs" and "The Golden Calf", many satirical stories and feuilletons.

Platonov Andrey Platonovich(1899-1951) - an outstanding Russian Soviet writer, whose works ("Chevengur", "Pit", "Juvenile Sea", etc.) did not fit into the official literature.

Poe Edgar Allan(1809-1849) - One of the greatest writers of American literature, a poet who is considered a harbinger of Symbolism.

Prus Boleslav (Alexander Glovatsky)(1847-1912) - Polish writer. Stories about children ("An Orphan's Lot"), stories "Return Wave", "Outpost", novels "Doll", "Pharaoh".

Proust Marseille(1871-1922) - French writer who sought to show inner life a person as a "stream of consciousness" (cycle "In Search of Lost Time", volumes I-XVI).

Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich(1799-1837) - the great Russian poet and writer. He created numerous works of various genres and of great importance. Poems, poems, a novel in verse ("Eugene Onegin"), the cycle "Belkin's Tale", "Little Tragedies", the tragedy "Boris Godunov", historical works, etc.

Rabelais Francois(1494-1553) - French writer, humanist and satirist. The novel "Gargantua and Pantagruel" is a kind of encyclopedia of the culture of the French Renaissance.

Remarque Erich Maria(1898-1970) - one of the most famous and widely read German writers of the XX century. The most famous works of the writer are the novels "All Quiet on the Western Front", "Three Comrades", "Arc de Triomphe", "Night in Lisbon".

RimbaudArthur (1854–1891) was a French symbolist poet who had a significant influence on the poetry of later times.

Rodari Gianni(1920-1980) - Italian children's writer.

Rolland Romain(1866-1944) - an outstanding French writer and playwright, author of the story "Cola Bruignon", the novel "Jean Christophe", etc.

Rostand Edmond(1868-1918) - French poet and playwright. After the noisy triumph of the poetic play "Cyrano de Bergerac" Rostand was recognized as one of the most famous European playwrights.

J.K. Rowling(b. 1965) - English writer, author of a series of novels about Harry Potter.

Rudaki Abu Abdallah Jafar(860-941) - Tajik and Persian poet, founder of poetry in the Farsi language.

Rousseau Jean Jacques (1712-1778)- French philosopher, thinker, sentimentalist writer (novels "Julia, or New Eloise", "Confession", etc.).

Rustaveli Shota(XII century) - a classic of Georgian literature, author of the poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin".

Ryleev Kondraty Fedorovich(1795–1826) - Russian poet, romantic, Decembrist, creator of the anthology "Polar Star".

Rylsky Maxim Faddeevich(1895-1964) - a prominent Ukrainian lyric poet ("Roses and Grapes" and others), translator, public figure.

Saadi Muslihiddin(c. 1203-c. 1291) - Persian poet-lyricist, thinker (poem "Bustan", etc.).

Sagan Françoise (Couare Françoise)(1935-2004) - French writer, playwright. Sagan is famous for her novel Hello, Sadness, which was published when she was 19 years old.

Saltykov-Shchedrin (Saltykov Mikhail Evgrafovich)(1826-1889) - Russian writer-satirist, master of the grotesque ("The Lord Golovlevs" and others).

Sappho (Sappho) (VII-VIcenturies BC BC) - an ancient Greek poetess, a representative of the melian (musical and song) lyrics, a native of the lesbian (on the island of Lesvos) city of Eres.

Swift Jonathan(1667-1745) - English satirist, author of the satirical novel "Gulliver's Travels".

Severyanin Igor (Igor Vasilievich Lotarev)(1887-1941) - Russian poet ("Pineapples in Champagne", etc.). His poems were distinguished by sophistication of form and musicality.

Senkevich Henryk(1846-1916) - Polish writer (historical novels "With Fire and Sword", "Without Dogma", etc.).

Saint-Exupery Antoine de(1900-1944) - French writer, pilot, died during the Second World War ("Land of People", " The little Prince" and etc.).

Cervantes Saavedra Miguel de(1547-1616) - the great Spanish writer ("The cunning hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha" and others).

Simenon Georges(1903-1989) - French writer, classic of the detective genre.

Simonov Konstantin (Kirill) Mikhailovich(1915-1979) - Russian Soviet writer and poet (collections of poems "With You and Without You", "Friends and Enemies", the trilogy "The Living and the Dead", etc.).

Frying pan Grigory Savvich(1722-1794) - an outstanding Ukrainian philosopher, poet and teacher, author of poems, fables in prose ("Fables of Kharkov", etc.).

Scott Walter(1771-1832) - English writer, who is considered the founder of the genre of the historical novel, the author of many historical novels (Ivanhoe, Rob Roy, Waverly, etc.) and romantic poems.

Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich(b. 1918) - Russian writer and public figure, author of the novels "The Gulag Archipelago", "Cancer Corps" and others. Nobel laureate, became widely known not only for his works, but also for his personal struggle against communist ideology and the Soviet regime.

Sophocles(c. 496-406 BC) - Athenian playwright, considered, along with Aeschylus and Euripides, one of the three greatest tragic poets of ancient Greece. The tragedies "Ajax", "Antigone", "King Oedipus", "Philoctetus", "Trachino women", "Electra", "Oedipus in Colon" have survived entirely to this day.

Steinbeck John Ernst(1902-1968) - a classic of American literature (novels "The Winter of Our Trouble", etc.). Nobel laureate.

Stendhal (Bayle Henri Marie)(1783-1842) - French writer, author of numerous novels, including "Red and Black", "Parma Cloister", etc.

Stevenson Robert Lewis(1850-1894) - English writer, author of adventure ("Treasure Island", etc.), historical ("Black Arrow", etc.), psychological (" Strange story Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ") novels.

Strugatsky (Strugatsky brothers), Arkady Natanovich(1925-1991) and Boris Natanovich(1933) - Russian writers, screenwriters, classics of modern science and social fiction (novels "Predatory Things of the Century", "The Doomed City", the stories "Monday begins on Saturday", "A billion years before the end of the world", etc.).

Salinger Jerome David(b. 1919) is an American writer. The Catcher in the Rye novel brought Salinger a huge success. After 1965, Jerome Salinger no longer published a single work, becoming one of the most mysterious "hermits" and "silent" in world literature.

Tagore Rabindranath(1861-1941) - Indian writer, poet, composer, artist, public figure ("Mountain", "House and World", etc.). Nobel laureate.

Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich(1910-1971) - Russian Soviet poet, author of the poems "The Country of Ant", "Vasily Tyorkin", etc.

Twain Mark (Samuel Clemens) (1835-1910) -eminent American writer, satirist, journalist and lecturer. At the height of his career, he was probably the most popular figure in the United States.

Thackeray William Makepeace(1811-1863) - English novelist ("Vanity Fair", etc.).

Tolkien John Ronald Ruel(1892-1973) - English writer, linguist, philologist. World famous Tolkien brought the novel "The Hobbit, or There and Back" and the trilogy "The Lord of the Rings".

Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich(1817–1875) - Russian poet, writer, satirist, one of the authors of K. Prutkov (poems, poems, the novel "Prince Silver", etc.).

Alexey Tolstoy(1883-1945) - Russian Soviet writer (novels "Peter I", trilogy "Walking through the agony", the story "Bread", etc.).

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich(1828–1910) - Russian writer, publicist and religious thinker, ideologist of the Tolstoyan movement (stories, novellas, epic novel War and Peace, novels Anna Karenina, Resurrection, etc.). Tolstoy had a tremendous influence on the evolution of European humanism, on the development of realistic traditions in world literature.

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich(1818–1883) - Russian writer (Notes of a Hunter, Fathers and Sons, etc.). He brought out images of new heroes of his era - raznochintsy.

Tynyanov Yuri Nikolaevich(1894-1943) - Russian Soviet writer, literary critic, master of the historical novel ("Kyukhlya", "Death of Vazir-Mukhtar", etc.).

Tychina Pavlo (Pavel Grigorievich)(1891-1967) - Ukrainian Soviet poet and statesman, innovator of poetic form.

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich(1803–1873) - Russian poet, master of verse, soulful lyricist and thinker.

Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Flaherty Wils(1854-1900) - English writer, close to the Symbolists. Best known for his numerous plays, winged words and aphorisms, as well as the novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray" (1891).

Williams Tennessee(1911-1983) - American playwright and prose writer. Williams became famous for his play A Streetcar Named Desire. The plays of the playwright were filmed several times.

Whitman Walt(1819-1892) - American poet and philosopher (collection "Leaves of Grass", etc.), reformer of American poetry.

Ukrainka Lesya (Kosach-Kvitka Larisa Petrovna)(1871-1913) - Ukrainian poetess (lyric poetry, extravaganza "Forest Song", etc.).

Wells Herbert George(1866-1946) - English writer, classic of science fiction literature ("The Invisible Man", "War of the Worlds", etc.).

Fowles John(1926–2005) - English writer and poet, one of the most significant English writers of the second half of the XX century. Among the most famous works of John Fowles are the novels The Collector, The Friend of the French Lieutenant, The Worm, and others.

Feuchtwanger Lyon(1884-1958) - German novelist and publicist (historical novels, including "False Nero", "Success", etc.).

Fet (Shenshin) Afanasy Afanasyevich(1820-1892) - Russian poet, adherent of "pure art", subtle lyric poet.

Ferdowsi Abulkasim(934-c. 1020) - Persian poet, author of the poem "Shahnama", which had a great influence on the literature of the East, he is also credited with the poem "Yusuf and Zuleikha".

Flaubert Gustave(1821-1880) - French writer (novel "Madame Bovary" and others), the successor of the traditions of O. Balzac.

Franko Ivan Yakovlevich(1856-1916) - an outstanding Ukrainian writer, poet, fiction writer, scientist, publicist and leader of the revolutionary movement in the west of Ukraine, a classic of Ukrainian literature ("The Eternal Revolutionary", "Zakhar Berkut", etc.).

Frans Anatole (Thibault Anatole Francois)(1844-1924) - French writer ("Penguin Island" and others), publicist, satirist. Nobel laureate.

Khayyam Omar(1048-c. 1123) - the great Persian poet and mathematician. Known for his quatrains - full of humor and ruby \u200b\u200bwisdom.

Heller Joseph(1923-1999) - American novelist. The author of the grotesque satirical novel "Amendment-22" (Catch-22, in some translations - "Catch-22"), which has become a classic of the genre of "black comedy".

Hemingway Ernest Miller(1899-1961) - American writer. Hemingway received wide recognition thanks to his novels and numerous stories, on the one hand, and his life, full of adventures and surprises, on the other. His style, short and rich, had a huge impact on the world literature of the 20th century. ("Fiesta", "Farewell to Arms!", "For Whom the Bell Tolls", etc.).

Khlebnikov Velemir (Victor Vladimirovich)(1885-1922) - Russian poet, innovator of the word. He strove to create a "new mythology" and the language of the coming free humanity.

Zweig Stefan(1881-1942) - Austrian writer, master of psychological novellas ("Amok", "Confusion of feelings", etc.), romanized biographies of famous historical figures.

Marina Tsvetaeva(1892-1941) - Russian poet, prose writer, translator, one of the most widely read and original Russian poetesses of the XX century.

Cicero Mark Tullius(106-43 BC) - ancient Roman orator and writer.

Chapek Karel(1890–1938) - one of the most famous Czech writers of the 20th century, prose writer and playwright (The War with the Salamanders, The White Disease, etc.).

Chernyshevsky Nikolay Gavrilovich(1828-1889) - Russian writer, philosopher and critic (novels "What is to be done?", "Prologue" and others, stories).

Chekhov Anton Pavlovich(1860-1904) - an outstanding Russian writer and playwright ("The Lady with the Dog", "Three Sisters", etc.). Chekhov's work had a huge impact on Russian and world literature.

Chukovsky Kornei Ivanovich(1882-1969) - Russian poet, writer, translator, literary critic (monumental work "Nekrasov's Mastery", "High Art", very popular children's fairy tales and poems - "Moidodyr", "The Adventures of Aibolit", etc.).

Shevchenko Taras Grigorievich(1814–1861) - a great Ukrainian poet and writer, a classic of Ukrainian literature, an artist (the book of poetry "Kobzar", the poems "Katerina", "Blind", "Haidamaki", etc.).

Shakespeare William(1564-1616) - the great English playwright and poet (tragedies "King Lear", "Macbeth", "Hamlet", "Othello" and others, comedies "The Taming of the Shrew", "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and others, sonnets and etc.). Deep philosophical thought and a wealth of poetic and dramatic means made Shakespeare's work one of the pinnacles of world art.

Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft(1797-1851) - English writer, author of the book "Frankenstein, or Modern Prometheus", wife of the romantic poet Percy Shelley.

Shelley Percy Bysshe(1792-1822) - one of the greatest English poets of the XIX century. ("Queen Mab", "Freed Prometheus", etc.).

Schiller Johann Friedrich(1759-1805) - German poet and playwright ("Guile and Love", "The Maid of Orleans", "Wilhelm Tell", etc.).

Sholem Aleichem (Rabinovich Sholom Nokhumovich)(1859-1916) - an outstanding Jewish writer and playwright (drama "Tevye the Milkman", the novel "Wandering Stars", etc.).

Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich(1905-1984) - a classic of Russian Soviet literature. Novels "Quiet Don", "Virgin Soil Upturned" and others. Nobel laureate.

Aesop (VIat. BC BC) - an ancient Greek fabulist, a legendary folk sage, to whom the plots of almost all fables known in antiquity were attributed.

Eco Umberto(b. 1932) - Italian prose writer, scientist, culturologist, essayist. The novels "The Name of the Rose", "Foucault's Pendulum" and others.

Aeschylus(525–456 BC), ancient Greek playwright. In antiquity, it was known about 80 dramatic works Aeschylus, only seven of them survived: "The Persians", "Seven Against Thebes", the trilogy "Oresteia" ("Agamemnon", "Hoephora", "Eumenides"); tragedies "The Petitioners, or Begging" and "Chained Prometheus".

Poets and Writers Suicide is popular with the creative elite around the world. So, in the XX century. Russian poets V. Mayakovsky, S. Yesenin, M. Tsvetaeva, German poet and playwright Ernst Toller, writer S. Zweig (Austria), E. Hemingway (USA), Yu.

From the book Complete encyclopedia of modern educational games for children. From birth to 12 years author Voznyuk Natalia Grigorievna

"Poets" The players take a large sheet of paper and write a poem on it. The point is that everyone comes up with 2 rhyming lines between themselves and wraps the sheet so that the next player does not know what the previous one wrote about. Then they unfold the sheet and read

From the book Berlin. Guide author Bergmann Jurgen

FAMOUS DESIGNERS Friedrichstadt Passages, block 206, Friedrichstr. 71, Franzosische Stra? E metro station on line U6 or Stadtmitte on line U2. Here you can find Cerruti, Gucci, Moschino, Yves Saint Laurent, Strenesse, Rive Gauche, Louis Vuitton, Etro, La Perla Many designers have their own boutiques on Kurfürstendamm, for example Burberry, Chanel, Jil Sander,

author Kolosova Svetlana

Poets and Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome 4 Aesop is an ancient Greek fabulist of the 6th century BC. 5 Aeschylus - ancient Greek poet-playwright of the 5th century BC 6 Leonidas, Tarentum - ancient Greek poet of the late IV - early III centuries BC. Lucian is an ancient Greek poet of the 2nd century BC. BC Sophocles

From the book Crossword Handbook author Kolosova Svetlana

Poets of the XIII-XVI centuries 4 Baif, Jean Antoine - French poet of the XVI century. Vega, Garcilaso de la - Spanish poet of the XVI century. Donne, John - English poet of the late XVI - early XVII centuries. Labe, Louise - French poet of the XVI century. Leon , Luis de - Spanish poet of the XVI century. Lobo, Francisco Rodriguez -

From the book Crossword Handbook author Kolosova Svetlana

Writers and poets of the 17th century 3 Vio, Théophile de - French poet 4 Vega, Carpio Lope de - Spanish playwright Melo, Francisco Manuel de - Portuguese poet Opitz, Martin - German poet 5 Barrot, Jacques Valle de - French poet Boileau, Nicola - French poet Bacon, Francis -

From the book Crossword Handbook author Kolosova Svetlana

Writers and poets of the 18th century 4 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang - German writer Defoe, Daniel - English writer 5 Burns, Robert - Scottish poet Diderot, Denis - French writer, philosopher Laclos, Pierre de - French writer Lesage, Alain René - French writer Russo,

From the book Crossword Handbook author Kolosova Svetlana

Writers and poets of the 19th century 2 Poe, Edgar is an American writer. 4 Blok, Alexander Alexandrovich is a Russian poet. Verne, Jules is a French writer. Hugo, Victor is a French writer. Dumas, Alexander is a French writer. Zola, Emile is a French writer. Prus, Boleslav -

From the book Crossword Handbook author Kolosova Svetlana

Writers and poets of the 20th century 3 Gide, André - French writer Shaw, George Bernard - English writer 4 Blaise, Sandrard - French writer Green, Alexander Stepanovich - Russian writer Green, Graham - English writer Doyle, Arthur Conan - English writer Ilf, Ilya

From the book Crossword Handbook author Kolosova Svetlana

Famous hunters 3 Min - Russian hunter, writer. 5 Lvov, L.A. - Russian hunter, author of books about hunting. Palen - Russian hunter, Count Urvan - Russian hunter. 6 Paskin - Russian hunter. 7 Lukashin - hunter from Pskov province. Nazimov, A.V. - Tver hunter. 8 Karpushka

From the book Crossword Handbook author Kolosova Svetlana

Famous hippologists 4 Witt, V.O.5 Grizo, F. Orlov-Chesmensky, A.G. 6 James, F. Shishkin7 Kabanov Kuleshov8 Guerinier, F.R. Caprilli,

author

Poets A poet is a light, winged and sacred being. Plato (c. 427-c. 347 BC), ancient Greek philosopher Whom Jupiter wants to punish, he makes a poet. Heinrich Heine (1797–1856), German poet Who can’t write two lines is a dumbass; and who composed as many as four -

From the book In the beginning was the word. Aphorisms author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

Russian poets about each other He is original with us - for he thinks. Alexander Pushkin about Yevgeny Baratynsky Khlebnikov is not a poet for consumers. Khlebnikov - poet for the producer Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893–1930), poet The great entertainer of the Russian land. Ilya Selvinsky about

From the book In the beginning was the word. Aphorisms author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

Prose writers and poets ... For a prose writer to become a poet, and a poet to become a demigod. Boris Pasternak (1890–1960), poet An orator should not blindly imitate poets. Poetry can only be admired from afar. Quintilian (c. 35-c. 96), Roman eloquence teacher The prose writer gets tired of writing

From the book In the beginning was the word. Aphorisms author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

Critics and Poets The business of the critics is to watch the poet, but to watch the critics is not the job of the poet. William Gaslitt (1778–1830), English essayist Every good poet is also a critic; but not vice versa. William Shenston (1714–1763), English poet You hardly have to be

Now the current generation sees everything clearly, marvels at the delusions, laughs at the folly of their ancestors, not in vain that this chronicle is strewn with heavenly fire, that every letter shouts in it, that a piercing finger is directed at it, at it, at the current generation from everywhere; but the current generation laughs and arrogantly, proudly begins a series of new delusions, which the descendants will also laugh at later. "Dead Souls"

Nestor Vasilievich Kukolnik (1809 - 1868)
To what? As if inspiration
Will love the given item!
As if a true poet
Sell \u200b\u200byour imagination!
I am a slave, a day laborer, I am a trader!
I owe you, sinner, for gold,
For your insignificant silver
Pay with divine payment!
"Improvisation I"

Literature is a language that expresses everything that a country thinks, what it wants, what it knows and what it wants and should know.

In the hearts of the simple, the feeling of the beauty and grandeur of nature is stronger, more alive a hundred times than in us, enthusiastic storytellers in words and on paper."Hero of our time"

And everywhere there is sound, and everywhere there is light,
And all the worlds have one beginning,
And there is nothing in nature,
That would not breathe love.

In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, oh great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language! If it weren't for you, how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that is happening at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!
Poems in prose, "Russian language"

So, completing his dissolute escape,
Thorny snow flies from naked fields,
Driven by an early, violent blizzard,
And, stopping in the forest wilderness,
Gathers in silver silence
Deep and cold bed.

Listen: it's a shame!
It's time to get up! You know yourself
What time has come;
In whom the sense of duty has not cooled down,
Who is incorruptibly straight with his heart,
In whom is the gift, strength, accuracy,
Tom should not sleep now ...
"Poet and Citizen"

Really, even here they will not allow and will not allow the Russian body to develop nationally, by its organic strength, and certainly impersonally, servilely imitating Europe? But what to do with the Russian organism then? Do these gentlemen understand what an organism is? Separation, “split off” from their country leads to hatred, these people hate Russia, so to speak, naturally, physically: for the climate, for the fields, for the forests, for the order, for the liberation of the peasant, for Russian history, in a word, for everything, hate for everything.

Spring! the first frame is exposed -
And noise rushed into the room,
And the gospel of the nearby temple,
And the talk of the people, and the sound of the wheel ...

Well, what are you afraid of, please tell me! Now every grass, every flower rejoices, but we are hiding, we are afraid, just what a misfortune! The storm will kill! This is not a thunderstorm, but grace! Yes, grace! You are all thunderstorm! The Northern Lights will light up, one should admire and marvel at the wisdom: "dawn rises from midnight countries"! And you are horrified and come up with: for war or for pestilence. Whether a comet is coming, I would not take my eyes off! Beauty! The stars have already taken a closer look, they are all the same, and this is a new thing; Well, I would look and admire! And you are afraid even to look at the sky, you are trembling! You scared yourself out of everything. Eh, people! "Storm"

There is no more enlightening, soul-cleansing feeling like that which a person feels when meeting with a great work of art.

We know loaded rifles must be handled with care. And we do not want to know that we must treat the word in the same way. The word can kill and make evil worse than death.

There is a well-known trick of an American journalist who, in order to raise a subscription to his magazine, began to print in other publications the most harsh, impudent attacks on himself from fictitious persons: some of them portrayed him as a swindler and perjurer, others a thief and a murderer, and others a libertine on a colossal scale. He was not stingy to pay for such friendly advertisements until everyone thought about it - but you can see this curious and remarkable person when everyone is shouting about him like that! - and began to buy up his own newspaper.
"Life in a Hundred Years"

Nikolai Semenovich Leskov (1831 - 1895)
I ... think that I know a Russian person in the very depths of him, and do not take any credit for this. I did not study the people from conversations with Petersburg cabbies, but I grew up among the people, on the Gostomel pasture, with a cauldron in my hand, I slept with him on the dewy grass of the night, under a warm sheepskin sheepskin coat, and in the panin's wicked crush behind circles of dusty habits ...

Between these two clashing titans - science and theology - there is a stunned public that is quickly losing faith in the immortality of man and in any deity, quickly descending to the level of purely animal existence. Such is the picture of an hour illuminated by the shining midday sun of the Christian and scientific era!
"Isis Unveiled"

Sit down, I'm glad you. Throw away all fear
And you can keep yourself free
I give you permission. You know the other day
I was elected king by the people,
But it's all the same. Confuse my thought
All these honors, greetings, bows ...
"Crazy"

Gleb Ivanovich Uspensky (1843 - 1902)
- But what do you want abroad? - I asked him at a time when in his room, with the help of the servants, was packing and packing his things for sending to Varshavsky railway station.
- Yes, just ... to feel! he said, bewildered and with a kind of dull expression on his face.
"Letters from the Road"

Is it really the point to go through life so as not to hurt anyone? This is not happiness. Hurt, break, break, so that life boils. I am not afraid of any accusations, but I am a hundred times more afraid of colorlessness than death.

Verse is the same music, only combined with the word, and it also needs a natural ear, a sense of harmony and rhythm.

You experience a strange feeling when, by lightly pressing your hand, you make such a mass rise and fall at will. When such a mass obeys you, you feel the power of man ...
"A meeting"

Vasily Vasilievich Rozanov (1856 - 1919)
The feeling of the Motherland should be strict, restrained in words, not spoken, not talkative, not "waving his arms" and not running forward (to appear). The feeling of the Motherland should be a great ardent silence.
"Solitary"

And what is the secret of beauty, what is the mystery and charm of art: whether in a conscious, inspired victory over torment, or in the unconscious longing of the human spirit, which sees no way out of the circle of vulgarity, squalor or thoughtlessness and is tragically condemned to seem self-satisfied or hopelessly false.
"Sentimental Memory"

Since my birth I have lived in Moscow, but by God I do not know where Moscow came from, why it is, why, why, what it needs. In the Duma, at meetings, I, along with others, talk about the urban economy, but I don't know how many miles there are in Moscow, how many people there are, how many people are born and die, how much we get and spend, how much and with whom we trade ... Which city is richer: Moscow or London? If London is richer, then why? And the jester knows him! And when a question is raised in the Duma, I shudder and the first to start shouting: “Transfer to the commission! To the commission! "

Everything is new in the old way:
The modern poet
Into a metaphorical outfit
Poetic speech is dressed.

But others are not an example for me,
And my charter is simple and strict.
My verse is a pioneer boy
Lightly dressed, bare-legged.
1926

Under the influence of Dostoevsky, as well as foreign literature, Baudelaire and Edgar Poe, my hobby began not with decadence, but with symbolism (even then I already understood their difference). The collection of poems, published at the very beginning of the 90s, I titled "Symbols". It seems that I used this word before anyone else in Russian literature.

Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov (1866 - 1949)
Running of changeable phenomena
By the soaring ones, speed up:
Merge into one sunset of accomplishments
With the first brilliance of gentle dawns.
From lower life to origins
Observe in a single moment:
Into one face with a clever eye
Take your doubles.
Unchanged and wonderful
Gift of the Blessed Muse:
In the spirit of the form of harmonious songs,
There is life and heat in the heart of the songs.
"Thoughts on Poetry"

I have a lot of news. And all are good. I'm lucky". Writing to me. I want to live, live, live forever. If you knew how many new poems I wrote! More than a hundred. It was crazy, a fairy tale, new. I am publishing a new book, completely different from the previous ones. She will surprise many. I changed my understanding of the world. No matter how funny my phrase sounds, I will say: I understood the world. For many years, perhaps forever.
K. Balmont - L. Vilkina

Man - that's the truth! Everything is in a person, everything is for a person! There is only man, all the rest is the work of his hands and his brain! Man! It's great! It sounds ... proud!

"At the bottom"

I'm sorry to create something useless and unnecessary to anyone now. A collection, a book of poetry at this time is the most useless, unnecessary thing ... I do not want to say that poetry is not needed. On the contrary, I argue that poetry is necessary, even necessary, natural and eternal. There was a time when everyone seemed to need whole books of poetry, when they were read completely, everyone understood and accepted. Time is the past, not ours. The modern reader does not need a collection of poems!

Language is the history of a people. Language is the path of civilization and culture. Therefore, the study and preservation of the Russian language is not an idle occupation with nothing to do, but an urgent need.

What nationalists and patriots these internationalists become when they need it! And with what arrogance they mock "frightened intellectuals" - as if there is absolutely no reason to be frightened - or over "frightened philistines", as if they have some great advantages over "philistines." And who, in fact, are these ordinary people, "prosperous bourgeoisie"? And who and what do the revolutionaries care about, in general, if they so despise the average person and his welfare?
"Cursed Days"

In the struggle for their ideal of "freedom, equality and fraternity", citizens must use means that do not contradict this ideal.
"Governor"

“Let your soul be whole or split, let the world outlook be mystical, realistic, skeptical, or even idealistic (if you are so unhappy), let the creative techniques be impressionistic, realistic, naturalistic, the content - lyrical or fabulistic, let there be a mood, an impression - whatever you want, but, I beg you, be logical - may this cry of my heart be forgiven! - are logical in the concept, in the construction of the work, in the syntax. "
Art is born in homelessness. I wrote letters and stories addressed to a distant unknown friend, but when a friend came, art gave way to life. I'm talking, of course, not about home comfort, but about life, which means more art.
"You and me. Love diary"

An artist cannot do more than open his soul to others. You can’t show him pre-drawn rules. He is a still unknown world where everything is new. We must forget what captivated others, here is different. Otherwise, you will listen and you will not hear, you will look without understanding.
From the treatise by Valery Bryusov "On Art"

Alexey Mikhailovich Remizov (1877 - 1957)
Well, let her rest, she was worn out - they tortured her, worried. And as soon as daylight rises, the shopkeeper starts to fold her goods, grabs the blanket, goes, pulls out this soft bedding from under the old woman: wakes the old woman up, wakes her up: not dawn, if you please get up. Nothing to do about. In the meantime - our grandmother, our Kostroma, our mother, Russia! "

"Swirling Russia"

Art never speaks to the crowd, to the masses, it speaks to the individual, in the deep and hidden recesses of his soul.

Mikhail Andreevich Osorgin (Ilyin) (1878 - 1942)
How strange /… / How many funny and cheerful books there are, how many brilliant and witty philosophical truths - but there is nothing more consoling than Ecclesiastes.

Babkin dared, - read Seneca
And, whistling the carcasses,
Took it to the library
Marking in the margin: "Nonsense!"
Babkin, friend, is a harsh critic,
Have you ever thought
What a legless paralytic
A light chamois is not a decree? ..
"Reader"

The critic's word about the poet must be objectively concrete and creative; the critic, while remaining a scientist, is a poet.

"Poetry of the word"

It is only worth thinking about great things, only big tasks should a writer set himself; put it boldly, without being embarrassed by your personal small forces.

Boris Konstantinovich Zaitsev (1881 - 1972)
“It’s true, there are both devil and watery ones,” I thought, looking in front of me, “and maybe some other spirit lives here… A mighty northern spirit that enjoys this savagery; maybe real northern fauns and healthy, blond women wander in these forests, devour cloudberries and lingonberries, laugh and chase each other. "
"North"

You need to be able to close a boring book ... leave a bad movie ... and part with people who do not value you!

Out of modesty, I hesitate to point out the fact that on my birthday the bells were ringing and there was general popular rejoicing. Gossips connected this jubilation with some big holiday that coincided with the day of my birth, but I still do not understand why there is any other holiday?

That was the time when love, feelings of kind and healthy were considered vulgar and a relic; nobody loved, but everyone was thirsty and, like poisoned ones, fell to everything sharp, tearing the insides.
"The Road to Calvary"

Kornei Ivanovich Chukovsky (Nikolai Vasilievich Korneichukov) (1882 - 1969)
- Well, what's wrong, - I say to myself, - at least in a short word for now? After all, exactly the same form of farewell to friends is in other languages, and there it does not shock anyone. The great poet Walt Whitman, shortly before his death, said goodbye to the readers with a touching poem “So long!”, Which means “Bye!” In English. The French a bientot has the same meaning. There is no rudeness here. On the contrary, this form is filled with the most amiable courtesy, because this (approximately) meaning was compressed here: be safe and happy until we meet again.
"Alive as life"

Switzerland? This is a mountain pasture of tourists. I have traveled all over the world myself, but I hate these ruminant two-legged with a Badaker instead of a tail. They chewed all the beauties of nature with their eyes.
"Island of the lost ships"

Everything that I have written and will write, I consider only mental rubbish and in no way respect my writer's merits. And I am surprised and perplexed why seemingly clever people find some meaning and value in my poems. Thousands of poems, whether mine or those of the poets I know in Russia, are not worth one chant of my bright mother.

I am afraid that Russian literature has only one future: its past.
Article "I'm afraid"

For a long time we have been looking for such a task, similar to lentils, so that the combined rays of the labor of artists and the labor of thinkers directed by it to a common point would meet in common work and could light even the cold substance of ice to turn into a fire. Now such a task - the lentils that channel your violent courage and the cold mind of thinkers together - has been found. This goal is to create a common written language ...
"Artists of the World"

He adored poetry, in his judgments he tried to be impartial. He was surprisingly young in soul, and perhaps in mind. He always seemed like a child to me. There was something childish in his shaved head under a typewriter, in his bearing, more gymnasium than military. He liked to portray an adult, like all children. He loved to play "master", the literary leadership of his "humiliates", that is, the little poets and poetesses who surrounded him. The poetic kids loved him very much.
Khodasevich, "Necropolis"

I, I, I. What a wild word!
Is that one over there me?
Did mom love this
Yellow-gray, semi-gray
And omniscient as a snake?
You have lost your Russia.
Did he oppose the element
Good for the elements of gloomy evil?
No? So shut up: led away
Your fate is not without reason
To the edges of an unkind foreign land.
What's the use of groaning and grieving -
Russia must be earned!
"What you need to know"

I never stopped writing poetry. For me, they are my connection with time, with new life my people. When I wrote them, I lived by the rhythms that sounded in the heroic history of my country. I am happy that I lived during these years and saw events that had no equal.

All people sent to us are our reflection. And they are sent so that we, looking at these people, correct our mistakes, and when we correct them, these people either also change or leave our life.

In the wide field of Russian literature in the USSR, I was the only literary wolf. I was advised to dye the skin. Ridiculous advice. Whether a dyed wolf, a shorn wolf, he still does not look like a poodle. They treated me like a wolf. And for several years they drove me according to the rules of a literary cage in a fenced yard. I have no malice, but I am very tired ...
From a letter from M.A.Bulgakov to I.V.Stalin, May 30, 1931.

When I die, descendants will ask my contemporaries: "Did you understand Mandelstam's poetry?" - "No, we did not understand his poetry." "Did you feed Mandelstam, did you give him shelter?" - "Yes, we fed Mandelstam, we gave him shelter." - "Then you are forgiven."

Ilya Grigorievich Erenburg (Eliyahu Gershevich) (1891 - 1967)
Maybe go to the House of Press - there is one sandwich with chum salmon caviar and a debate about "proletarian choir reading", or to the Polytechnic Museum - there are no sandwiches, but twenty-six young poets read their poems about the "steam train mass". No, I will sit on the stairs, shivering from the cold and dream that all this is not in vain, that, sitting here on the step, I am preparing the distant sunrise of the Renaissance. I dreamed both simply and in poetry, and it turned out boring iambics.
"The Extraordinary Adventures of Julio Jurenito and His Students"