Outline of contents of volume 1 war peace. The main characters of the novel "War and Peace

Ilya Repin "Portrait of the Writer Leo Tolstoy" 1887

In order to live honestly, one has to struggle, get confused, fight, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again and again quit, and always fight and lose. And calmness is spiritual meanness

L.N. Tolsthat

Study project

"Creation of schemes of support positions for the content of the novel" War and Peace "

Purpose: to comprehend the multifaceted content of the epic novel "Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace"

Consultation

How is the reference position diagram drawn

The scheme of support positions is the methods of "folding" knowledge, that is, the material is given in an extremely concise form for a more solid memorization, and then, when necessary, for reproduction in an "expanded" form. The diagram not only "folds" information, but also clearly shows the sequence and logical "cohesion" of thoughts.

The basis for creating a support diagram is the material of the plan - the main features of the characters. By reasoning, it is necessary to determine the connections and dependencies between the persons of the work, to see in them the particular and the general, to draw conclusions about the role and meaning in the ideological and thematic content of the work. These reasoning (or, as they say, "the movement of thought") are fixed in the form of a diagram.

When the support positions are drawn up, then perhaps the most crucial moment comes: their graphic (in the diagram) design, in which the main thing is to clearly show the sequence and logical connections between the individual stages, and "inside" them - in the "arrangement" of the support positions themselves ...

And in this you are given complete freedom of imagination.

"War and Peace"

(1863-1869)

Conclusion "I tried to write the history of the people"

1857 - after meeting with the Decembrists, a novel about one of them was conceived

1825 - "Involuntarily I passed from the present to 1825, the era of delusions and misfortunes of my hero"

1812 - "To understand my hero, I need to travel back to his youth, which coincided with the glorious era of 1812 for Russia."

1805 - "I was ashamed to write about our celebration, without describing our failures and our shame"

Conclusion. A huge amount of material was accumulated about the historical events of 1805-1856, and the idea of \u200b\u200bthe novel changed. The events of 1812 were at the center, and the Russian people became the hero of the novel.

The novel consists of 4 volumes, 17 parts, 361 chapters. It has over 500 heroes.

The task

Why did Tolstoy get the idea for the work in 1856?

Why exactly in the 60s did LN Tolstoy take on a work in which he wants to comprehend the laws of human life? Perhaps the words of the writer taken from the epilogue of War and Peace will help you in answering this question: "The movement of peoples is not produced by power, not mental activity, not even a combination of both, as historians thought ..."

The meaning of the name

The task

Compare the interpretation of the meaning of the title of the work. Which one seems to you the most convincing? Answer this question now and when you finish studying the novel, and then compare your opinions.

E. E. Zaydenshnur: "One of the concepts of the word" world "is all people, the whole world, all the people. It can be assumed that, giving the name to a work, the main character of which is the people, Tolstoy did not mean" peace "- as opposition to war, and put into it the concept of the common life of all people, of the entire people ... The name "War and Peace", that is, "War and the People", is more consistent with the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe novel, since Tolstoy's task was to show the great role of the people in the liberation war, and not at all to compare military and peaceful life. "

S. A. Bocharov: "The world turns out to be not only a theme, but it unfolds as a multivalued artistic idea of \u200b\u200bsuch completeness and capacity that cannot be conveyed in another language."

One of the researchers says that the word "world" has many meanings and at least three of its meanings are played up in the novel: "in the world" - that is, in everyday, ordinary, peaceful life; "in the world" - in the whole world, that is, in the whole world; "peace" - a community, all the people.

Consultation

"War and Peace" is a voluminous, multifaceted, complex work. Few succeed in rereading all four volumes at once; most often they read it intermittently ... But Tolstoy's thought develops in a complex dialectical unity of the whole and the particular. How to cover the general content and not "get confused" in private, but so important for the whole episodes and scenes?

We offer two options for reading-observation for the subsequent study of the work.

First option - commented recording of the content (from volume to volume, from chapter to chapter)

For example, the main events of volume I

High society image	Rostov family	The Bolkonsky family, Petersburg, Bald mountains	Pierre Bezukhov, Petersburg, Moscow	War of 1805-1807 Austria
Petersburg. Anna Sherer's salon, her guests: Prince Vasily Kuragin, his children: Anatole and Ippolit; Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya with her son. Arrogance, indifference. Struggle for the will of Count Bezukhov. Pierre's marriage to Helene. Anatole's matchmaking to Princess Marya Bolkonskaya.	Birthday of the daughter and mother. Hospitality, hospitality, openness Happiness, freedom of children in the family. Nikolay, Sonya and Natasha. Count Ilya Rostov. The Countess helps her friend AM Drubetskaya.	Old Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky. Upbringing and education of children. "Prince Andrey knew everything, read everything, knew about everything" Views of the book. Andrew to Napoleon. Why is Prince Andrew going to war?	Naturalness, sincerity Pierre, out of place in the salon by A. Scherer Admiration, admiration for Prince Andrew. Revelry and drinking in the society of rakes, Pierre's lack of will. Pierre is a wealthy heir (40,000 souls). Changes in the attitude towards him in society. Pierre "under the leadership" of Prince Vasily - marriage to Helene.	Look at Branau, lack of coordination in allied actions. Battle of Shengraben. Captain Tushin's battery. The first battle of Nikolai Rostov, his love for Tsar Alexander I.

what problems in the novel "War and Peace" and got the best answer

Answer from Ђatiana ******* [guru]
The problem of honor and dishonor is raised in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. Honor and dignity are the main qualities of a human character, and any high aspirations and searches are alien to those who have lost them. The problem of moral self-improvement of the individual has always been one of the most important in the work of L. N. Tolstoy.
The problem of finding the meaning of life. The hero of the epic novel Pierre Bezukhov at the beginning of his journey is far from the truth: he admires Napoleon, participates in empty entertainments, easily succumbs to gross flattery, the reason for which is his huge fortune. And as a result - the loss of the meaning of life. Only after passing the test of war and captivity, recognizing ordinary people (such as Platon Karataev), Pierre was able to truly understand life and his place in it. He comes to the conclusion that only love moves the world and man lives.
One of the philosophical problems of the novel is the question of freedom and necessity. Tolstoy solves this question in his own and original way. He says that the freedom of a person, of a historical figure, is apparent, a person is free only to not go against events, not to impose his will on them, but simply to correspond to history, change, grow and in this way influence its course. Tolstoy's thought is profound that a person is less free the closer he is placed to power.
Source: http://m.seznaika.ru/russkiy/ege/3912-2011-06-17-05-03-53

Answer from Vladislav Bessarab[newbie]
The problem of real life.
Prince Andrey Bolkonsky. He tried to find a real life in the war, leaving for the army and disillusioned with the life he led. The prince understood one thing: boring, monotonous social life is not for him. In the war, he longed for fame, recognition, wanted to distinguish himself, drawing up strategic plans and imagining how he would save the army at a critical moment. But after being wounded at Austerlitz, when Prince Andrei returned home and his wife died before his eyes, leaving him with a young son, everything he aspired to in the war faded into the background. Bolkonsky realized that this was not real life, and his search for such continued.
The problem of happiness in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace"
Pierre returns to the society he had previously left, returns in search of happiness, but, on some side, he is saved by the war that has unleashed with the French. He is trying to devote himself to the war, in order to again try to forget the past and find the happiness he needs so much. But as always, his attempts are in vain and no army is not only not happy, but even a burden to him. Pierre realizes that he was not born for military life. And everything is back to normal again.
Great man problem
In his novel, L. N. Tolstoy vividly expressed the idea that a person can be great only if he is inextricably linked with the people, if he sincerely shares his views, aspirations, and faith. If he lives by the same ideals, he thinks and acts in the same way as any conscious person would do. Only in the people is the main force, only in connection with the people can a real, strong personality appear.
Showing the special nature of the war of 1812 as a people's war.
The popular character of the war is shown by Tolstoy in various ways. The author uses the author's historical and philosophical reasoning about the role of the individual and the people in history in general and the war of 1812 in particular; vivid pictures of outstanding historical events are drawn; the people can be portrayed (albeit extremely rarely) as a whole, general (for example, remarks that the men did not bring hay to Moscow, that all residents left Moscow, etc.) and as countless living ordinary characters. The motives and feelings of the entire nation are concentrated in the image of the "representative of the people's war" commander Kutuzov, they are felt by the best representatives of the nobility who have become close to the people.
The problem of true and false patriotism.
Russian soldiers are real patriots. The novel is full of numerous episodes depicting various manifestations of patriotism by Russian people. We see the true patriotism and heroism of the people in the portrayal of classical scenes near Schöngraben, Austerlitz, Smolensk, Borodin.
Count Rostopchin also displays pseudo-patriotism, posting stupid "posters" around Moscow, urging the city residents not to leave the capital, and then, fleeing the people's wrath, deliberately sends the innocent son of the merchant Vereshchagin to death.

In his novel, Tolstoy portrayed a number of heroes. The author is knowingly presented a detailed description of the characters. "War and Peace" is a novel in which the whole noble families make up the reader's reflection of the people who lived during the war with Napoleon. In "War and Peace" we see the Russian spirit, features of historical events characteristic of the period of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. The greatness of the Russian soul is shown against the background of these events.

If you make a list of characters ("War and Peace"), you get about 550-600 heroes in total. However, they are not all equally important to the story. "War and Peace" is a novel, the characters of which can be divided into three main groups: the main, minor characters, and those simply mentioned in the text. Among them there are both fictional and historical personalities, as well as heroes who have prototypes among the writer's environment. This article will introduce the main characters. "War and Peace" is a work in which the Rostov family is described in detail. So let's start with her.

Ilya Andreevich Rostov

This is a count who had four children: Petya, Nikolai, Vera and Natasha. Ilya Andreevich is a very generous and kind-hearted person who loved life. As a result, his excessive generosity led to extravagance. Rostov is a loving father and husband. He is a good organizer of receptions and balls. But life on a grand scale, as well as disinterested assistance to wounded soldiers and the departure of Russians from Moscow inflicted fatal blows on his condition. Conscience tormented Ilya Andreevich all the time because of the approaching poverty of his relatives, but he could not help himself. After the death of Petya, the youngest son, the count was broken, but revived, preparing the wedding of Pierre Bezukhov and Natasha. Count Rostov dies a few months after these characters got married. "War and Peace" (Tolstoy) is a work in which the prototype of this hero is Ilya Andreevich, Tolstoy's grandfather.

Natalia Rostova (wife of Ilya Andreevich)

This 45-year-old woman, the wife of Rostov and the mother of four children, had some oriental ones. Those around her regarded the focus of gravity and slowness in her as solidity, as well as her high importance for the family. However, the real reason for these manners lies in a weak and exhausted physical condition due to childbirth and the strength given to raising children. Natalia loves her family and children very much, so the news of Petya's death almost drove her crazy. Countess Rostova, like Ilya Andreevich, loved luxury and demanded that everyone carry out her orders. In it you can find the features of Tolstoy's grandmother - Pelageya Nikolaevna.

Nikolay Rostov

This hero is the son of Ilya Andreevich. He is a loving son and brother, honors his family, but at the same time faithfully serves in the army, which is a very important and significant feature in his characterization. He often saw a second family even in his fellow soldiers. Although Nikolai was in love for a long time with Sonya, his cousin, he nevertheless marries Marya Bolkonskaya at the end of the novel. Nikolai Rostov is a very energetic man, with "open and curly hair. His love for the Russian emperor and patriotism never dried up. After going through the hardships of war, Nikolai becomes a brave and courageous hussar. He retires after the death of Ilya Andreyevich in order to improve financial position of the family, pay debts and become finally a good husband for his wife. Tolstoy introduces this hero as the prototype of his own father. As you have probably already noticed, the presence of prototypes in many heroes is characterized by the character system. "War and Peace" - a work in which the mores of the nobility are presented through the features of the family of Tolstoy, who was a count.

Natasha Rostova

This is the daughter of the Rostovs. A very emotional and energetic girl who was considered ugly, but attractive and lively. Natasha is not very smart, but at the same time she is intuitive, since she could “guess people” well, their character traits and mood. This heroine is very impetuous, prone to self-sacrifice. She dances and sings beautifully, which was at that time an important characteristic of a girl belonging to a secular society. Leo Tolstoy repeatedly emphasizes Natasha's main quality - closeness to the Russian people. She absorbed the nations and Russian culture. Natasha lives in an atmosphere of love, happiness and kindness, but after a while the girl is faced with a harsh reality. The blows of fate, as well as heartfelt experiences, make this heroine an adult and, as a result, give her true love for her husband, Pierre Bezukhov. The story of Natasha's soul rebirth deserves special respect. She began attending church after falling prey to a deceitful seducer. Natasha is a collective image, the prototype of which was Tolstoy's daughter-in-law, Tatyana Andreevna Kuzminskaya, as well as her sister (the author's wife), Sofya Andreevna.

Vera Rostova

This heroine is the daughter of the Rostovs ("War and Peace"). The portraits of the characters created by the author are distinguished by a variety of characters. Vera, for example, was famous for her strict temper, as well as inappropriate, albeit fair, remarks that she made in society. For some unknown reason, her mother did not really love her, and Vera felt this keenly, often going against everyone else. This girl later became the wife of Boris Drubetsky. The prototype of the heroine is Lev Nikolaevich (Elizaveta Bers).

Peter Rostov

Son of the Rostovs, still a boy. Petya, growing up, was trying to go to war as a young man, and his parents could not keep him. He escaped from their care and decided to join Denisov's regiment. In the first battle, Petya dies, not having had time to fight. The death of his beloved son greatly crippled the family.

Sonya

With this heroine we finish the description of the characters ("War and Peace") belonging to the Rostov family. Sonya, a glorious petite girl, was Ilya Andreevich's own niece and lived all her life under his roof. Love for Nikolai became fatal for her, since she did not manage to marry him. Natalya Rostova, an old countess, was against this marriage, since the lovers were cousins. Sonya acted nobly, refusing Dolokhov and deciding to love only Nikolai all her life, while freeing him from the promise given to her. She spends the rest of her life in the care of Nikolai Rostov, with the old countess.

The prototype of this heroine is Tatyana Aleksandrovna Ergolskaya, the second cousin of the writer.

Not only the Rostovs are the main characters in the work. "War and Peace" is a novel in which the Bolkonsky family also plays an important role.

Nikolay Andreevich Bolkonsky

This is the father of Andrei Bolkonsky, general-in-chief in the past, in the present - a prince who has earned the nickname in Russian secular society "the Prussian king." He is socially active, strict as a father, pedantic, is a wise owner of the estate. Outwardly, this is a thin old man with thick eyebrows that loomed over intelligent and discerning eyes, in a powdered white wig. Nikolai Andreevich does not like to show his feelings even for his beloved daughter and son. He plagues Mary with constant nagging. Prince Nicholas, sitting on his estate, follows the events taking place in the country, and only before his death he loses the idea of \u200b\u200bthe scale of the Russian war with Napoleon. Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky, the writer's grandfather, was the prototype of this prince.

Andrey Bolkonsky

This is the son of Nikolai Andreevich. He is ambitious, like his father, restrained in showing feelings, but he loves his sister and father very much. Andrey is married to Liza, "the little princess". He made a successful military career. Andrei philosophizes a lot about the meaning of life, the state of his spirit. He is in constant search. In Natasha Rostova, after the death of his wife, he found hope for himself, as he saw a real, and not fake, as in a secular society, a girl, and therefore fell in love with her. Having made an offer to this heroine, he was forced to go abroad for treatment, which became a test of their feelings. The wedding ultimately fell through. Andrew went to war with Napoleon, where he was seriously wounded, as a result of which he died. Until the end of his days, Natasha devotedly looked after him.

Marya Bolkonskaya

This is Andrey's sister, the daughter of Prince Nikolay. She is very meek, ugly, but kind-hearted and, moreover, very rich. Her devotion to religion is exemplified by many as an example of meekness and kindness. Marya unforgettably loves her father, who often pesters her with his reproaches and ridicule. This girl also loves her brother. She did not immediately accept Natasha as a future daughter-in-law, since she seemed to her too frivolous for Andrei. Marya, after all the hardships, marries Nikolai Rostov.

Its prototype is Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, Tolstoy's mother.

Pierre Bezukhov (Peter Kirillovich)

The main characters of the novel "War and Peace" would not be listed in full, if not to mention Pierre Bezukhov. This hero plays one of the most important roles in the work. He experienced a lot of pain and mental trauma, has a noble and kind disposition. Lev Nikolaevich himself is very fond of Pierre. Bezukhov, as a friend of Andrei Bolkonsky, is very sympathetic and devoted. Despite the intrigues weaving under his nose, Pierre did not lose his trust in people, did not become embittered. By marrying Natasha, he finally found happiness and grace, which he lacked with his first wife, Helen. At the end of the work, his desire to change the political foundations in Russia is noticeable, you can even guess from a distance Pierre's Decembrist moods.

These are the main characters. "War and Peace" is a novel in which a large role is assigned to such historical figures as Kutuzov and Napoleon, as well as to some other commanders-in-chief. Other social groups are also represented, in addition to the nobility (merchants, bourgeoisie, peasantry, army). The list of characters ("War and Peace") is quite impressive. However, our task is to consider only the main characters.

Materials for 10th grade pupils to compile a table for the lesson on the topic "The spiritual quest of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov." The table should have four columns: the main period (it is named and marked with a Roman numeral), a description of the actions of Andrei Bolkonsky at this time (marked with "AB") and Pierre Bezukhov (marked with "PB"). The fourth column of the table is short quotes, examples of episodes illustrating the corresponding points of the table (you should look for them in the indicated chapters).

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Are common

periods

The life path of Bolkonsky. "Road of honor"

Pierre Bezukhov. "... you see what a kind and nice guy I am"

I. First acquaintance. Attitude towards secular society

Andrey Bolkonsky:

Evening in the salon of A.P. Sherer. Relationship with others. Why is he "alien" here? (vol. 1, part 1, chap. III - IV)

Pierre Bezukhov:

Origin. Evening with A.P. Sheurer. Attitude towards others. Where did you come from? How does it behave? (vol. 1, part 1, chap. II - V)

Portrait. Speech. Behavior. Comparison with other heroes

II. Life mistakes - erroneous dreams and actions - crisis:

AB:

Service in the army, at the headquarters of Kutuzov. Attitude towards officers and officers towards him. Secret dream of a heroic deed (vol. 1, part 1, chap. III, XII).

Schengraben. Why is Prince Andrey going to the army of Bagration? The goal of the Shengraben battle. Episode on the Tushin battery.

War Council after the battle. Prince Andrey's honest act. The feeling that "all this is not right" (vol. 1, part 2, chapter XXI).

Austerlitz. Feat of Prince Andrew. Wound. Meeting with the idol, Napoleon. Feeling the insignificance of what is happening (vol. 1, part 3, chap. XVI - XIX)

PB:

Revels in the company of Anatol Kuragin. History with the quarter. Struggle with oneself, with one's own conflicting motives (vol. 1 part 1 chap. VI, part 3. chap. I - II. Vol. 2. part 1. chap. IV - VI.)

Marriage to Helen Kuragina. Awareness of the madness of this step. Gradual conflict with the secular environment (vol. 2, part 2, ch. I)

Portrait. Speech. Behavior.

III. Spiritual crisis

AB:

Return after injury. Death of his wife. Disappointment in ambitious dreams. The desire to move away from society, limiting itself to family problems (raising a son) (vol. 2. part 2. ch. XI).

PB:

Spiritual crisis.

At the crossroads

IV. Gradual awakening from the moral crisis and the desire to be good for the Fatherland.

AB:

New disappointment, crisis

Progressive transformations in estates (vol. 2 h. 3. ch. I).

A visit to Otradnoye on guardianship matters. Meeting with an oak tree. Conversation with Pierre on the ferry (vol. 2 h. 3 chap. I - III).

Participation in the legislative activity of Speransky and disillusionment with it (vol. 2. part 3. chap. IV - VI, XVIII).

Love for Natasha and a break with her

PB:

Gradual "awakening" from the crisis.

Striving for moral improvement; passion for Freemasonry. An attempt to reorganize the activities of the Masonic lodges (vol. 2, part 2, chap. III, XI, XII, vol. 2, part 3, chapter VII).

An attempt to benefit the peasants; transformations in the countryside (vol. 2. part 2. ch. X).

Disappointment both in social endeavors and in personal (vol. 2, part 5, chapter I)

V. Prince Andrew during the war of 1812. Rapprochement with the people, rejection of ambitious dreams.

Pierre and the War of 1812.

AB:

Refusal to serve at the headquarters. Relations with officers (vol. 3. part 1. ch. XI; part 2. chap. V, XXV).

The attitude of the soldiers to Prince Andrew. This is evidenced by the fact that he was called "our prince". How does Andrei talk about defending Smolensk? His reasoning about the French invaders. Participation in the Battle of Borodino, injury (vol. 3.p. 2. Ch. IV - V, XIX - XXXVI)

PB:

Pierre and the War of 1812. At the Borodino field. Raevsky's mound - observation of the soldiers. Why is Pierre called "our master"? The role of Borodin in the life of Pierre.

The thought of killing Napoleon. Life in abandoned Moscow (vol. 3 h. 1. ch. XXII; h. 2 chap. XX, XXXI - XXXII; h. 3 chap. IX, XXVII, XXXIII - XXXV)

Vi. The last moments of the life and death of Andrei Bolkonsky. The further fate of Pierre Bezukhov

AB:

Meeting with Anatol Kuragin at the hospital is forgiveness. Meeting Natasha is forgiveness.

Death. The inner state of Andrey before his death (vol. 3, part 2, chapter XXXVII; vol. 3, part 3, chapter XXX - XXXII)

PB:

The role of captivity in the fate of Pierre. Acquaintance with Platon Karataev (vol. 4. part 1. chap. X - XIII)

Dialogue, internal monologue, portrait, comparison with other prisoners

Vii. After the war with Napoleon. (Epilogue).

AB:

The son of Andrei Bolkonsky is Nikolenka. A conversation with Pierre, in which there is an assumption that Andrei would become a member of a secret society. Epilogue. h. 1. ch. XIII

PB:

The role of the family in Pierre's life. Love for Natasha and love for Natasha. Participation in secret societies. Epilogue. h. 1 ch. V.

Prince, father of Helene, Anatole and Hippolytus. This is a very famous and quite influential person in society, he holds an important court post. Prince V.'s attitude to everyone around him is condescending and patronizing. The author shows his hero "in a courtly, embroidered uniform, in stockings, shoes, with the stars, with a bright expression of a flat face", with a "perfumed and radiant bald head." But when he smiled, there was "something unexpectedly rude and unpleasant in his smile." Prince V. specially wishes no one harm. He simply uses people and circumstances to carry out his plans. V. always seeks to get closer to people who are richer and higher in status. The hero considers himself an exemplary father, he does everything possible to arrange the future of his children. He tries to marry his son Anatol to the rich princess Marya Bolkonskaya. After the death of the old prince Bezukhov and Pierre's receipt of a huge inheritance, V. notices the rich groom and cunningly gives him his daughter Helene. Prince V. is a great intriguer who knows how to live in society and make acquaintances with the right people.

Anatol Kuragin

Son of Prince Vasily, brother of Helen and Hippolyta. Prince Vasily himself looks at his son as a "restless fool" who constantly needs to be rescued from various troubles. A. is very handsome, dandy, impudent. He is frankly stupid, not resourceful, but popular in society, because "he also had the ability of calmness, precious to the world, and unchangeable confidence." A. Dolokhov's friend, constantly participates in his revelry, looks at life as a constant stream of pleasures and pleasures. He doesn't care about other people, he is selfish. A. treats women with contempt, feeling his superiority. He is used to being liked by everyone, without experiencing anything serious in return. A. got carried away by Natasha Rostova and tried to take her away. After this incident, the hero was forced to flee from Moscow and hide from Prince Andrei, who wanted to challenge the seducer of his bride to a duel.

Kuragina Helen

Daughter of Prince Vasily, and then wife of Pierre Bezukhov. A brilliant Petersburg beauty with a "unchanging smile", full white shoulders, glossy hair and a beautiful figure. There was no noticeable coquetry in her, as if she was ashamed "for her undoubtedly and too strongly and victoriously acting beauty." E. is imperturbable, giving everyone the right to admire themselves, which is why she feels like a gloss from many other people's views. She knows how to be tacitly worthy in the world, giving the impression of a tactful and intelligent woman, which, combined with beauty, ensures her constant success. Having married Pierre Bezukhov, the heroine discovers in front of her husband not only the limitedness of the mind, the coarseness of thought and vulgarity, but also cynical depravity. After breaking up with Pierre and receiving from him by proxy a large part of the fortune, she lives in Petersburg, then abroad, then returns to her husband. Despite the family breakup, the constant change of lovers, including Dolokhov and Drubetskoy, E. continues to be one of the most famous and kindly ladies of St. Petersburg. In the light, she is making very great strides; living alone, she becomes the mistress of the diplomatic and political salon, gains a reputation for intelligent women

Anna Pavlovna Sherer

Maid of honor, close to Empress Maria Feodorovna. Sh. Is the owner of a salon fashionable in St. Petersburg, the description of the evening in which the novel opens. A.P. 40 years old, she is artificial, like all high society. Her attitude to any person or event depends entirely on the latest political, court or secular considerations. She is friends with Prince Vasily. Sh. "Is full of animation and impulse", "being an enthusiast has become her social position." In 1812, her salon displayed false patriotism by eating cabbage soup and fines for French speech.

Boris Drubetskoy

The son of Princess Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya. From childhood he was brought up and lived for a long time in the house of the Rostovs, to whom he was a relative. B. and Natasha were in love with each other. Outwardly, it is "a tall, blond youth with regular thin features of a calm and handsome face." Since his youth, B. dreams of a military career, allows his mother to humiliate herself in front of her superiors, if this helps him. So, Prince Vasily finds him a place in the guard. B. is going to make a brilliant career, makes many useful acquaintances. After a while, he becomes Helen's lover. B. manages to be in the right place at the right time, and his career and position are particularly firmly established. In 1809 he again meets Natasha and is fond of her, even thinks of marrying her. But that would have hindered his career. Therefore, B. begins to look for a rich bride. He eventually marries Julie Karagina.

Count Rostov

Rostov Ilya Andreevi - Count, father of Natasha, Nikolai, Vera and Petit. A very good-natured, generous person who loves life and does not really know how to calculate his funds. R. is best able to make a reception, a ball, he is a hospitable host and an exemplary family man. The count is used to living on a grand scale, and when the means no longer allow it, he gradually ruins his family, from which he suffers greatly. When leaving Moscow, it was R. who began to give carts for the wounded. So he deals one of the last blows to the family's budget. The death of Petya's son finally broke the count, he comes to life only when he prepares a wedding for Natasha and Pierre.

Countess of Rostov

Count Rostov's wife, "a woman with an oriental type of thin face, about forty-five, apparently exhausted by children ... The sluggishness of her movements and dialects, stemming from the weakness of her strength, gave her a significant look that inspires respect." R. creates an atmosphere of love and kindness in his family, takes great care of the fate of his children. The news of the death of Petya's youngest and beloved son almost drives her crazy. She is used to luxury and the execution of the slightest whims, and requires this after the death of her husband.

Natasha Rostova

Daughter of Count and Countess Rostov. She is "black-eyed, with a big mouth, ugly, but alive ...". N.'s distinctive features are emotionality and sensitivity. She's not very smart, but she has an amazing ability to guess people. She is capable of noble deeds, can forget about her interests for the sake of other people. So, she calls on her family to take out the wounded by carts, leaving behind the property. N. takes care of his mother with all his dedication after the death of Petya. N. has a very beautiful voice, she is very musical. With her singing, she is able to awaken the best in a person. Tolstoy notes N.'s closeness to the common people. This is one of her best qualities. N. lives in an atmosphere of love and happiness. Changes in her life take place after meeting with Prince Andrey. N. becomes his bride, but later becomes fond of Anatol Kuragin. After a while, N. realizes the full force of his guilt before the prince, before his death, he forgives her, she remains with him until his death. N. feels true love for Pierre, they understand each other perfectly, they are very good together. She becomes his wife and completely surrenders to the role of wife and mother.

Nikolay Rostov

The son of Count Rostov. "A short, curly-haired young man with an open expression." The hero is distinguished by "swiftness and enthusiasm", he is cheerful, open, benevolent and emotional. N. participates in military campaigns and the Patriotic War of 1812. In the battle of Shengraben N. goes on the attack at first very bravely, but then he is wounded in the arm. This wound causes him to panic, he thinks about how he can die, "whom everyone loves so much." This event somewhat belittles the image of the hero. After N. becomes a brave officer, a real hussar who remains faithful to his duty. N. had a long affair with Sonya, and he was going to do a noble deed by marrying a homeless woman against his mother's will. But he receives a letter from Sonya in which she says that she is letting him go. After the death of his father, N. takes care of the family, retiring. She and Marya Bolkonskaya fall in love and get married.

Petya Rostov

The youngest son of the Rostovs. At the beginning of the novel, we see P. as a young boy. He is a typical representative of his family, kind, cheerful, musical. He wants to imitate his older brother and go along the military line in life. In 1812, he was full of patriotic impulses and went into the army. During the war, the young man accidentally ends up with an assignment in Denisov's detachment, where he remains, wanting to take part in the present case. He accidentally dies, the day before showing all his best qualities in relation to his comrades. His death is the greatest tragedy for his family.

Pierre Bezukhov

Illegal son of Count Bezukhov, a wealthy and famous in society. He appears almost just before the death of his father and becomes the heir to the entire fortune. P. is very different from people belonging to high society, even outwardly. This is a "massive, fat young man with a bobbed head, glasses" with an "observant and natural" look. He was brought up abroad, received a good education there. P. is smart, has a penchant for philosophical reasoning, he has a very kind and gentle disposition, he is completely impractical. Andrei Bolkonsky loves him very much, considers him his friend and the only "living person" among the entire high world.
In pursuit of money, P. entangles the Kuragin family and, taking advantage of P.'s naivety, force him to marry Helen. He is unhappy with her, realizes that this is a terrible woman and breaks off relations with her.
At the beginning of the novel, we see that P. considers Napoleon his idol. After that, he is terribly disappointed in him and even wants to kill. P. is characterized by a search for the meaning of life. This is how he is fond of Freemasonry, but seeing their falsity, he leaves there. P. is trying to reorganize the lives of his peasants, but he does not succeed because of his gullibility and impracticality. P. participates in the war, not yet fully understanding what it is. Remaining in burning Moscow to kill Napoleon, P. is taken prisoner. He is experiencing great moral torment during the execution of prisoners. There P. meets with the spokesman for "people's thought" Platon Karataev. Thanks to this meeting, P. learned to see "the eternal and infinite in everything." Pierre loves Natasha Rostova, but she is married to his friend. After the death of Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha's revival to life, Tolstoy's best heroes get married. In the epilogue we see P. as a happy husband and father. In a dispute with Nikolai Rostov, P. expresses his convictions, and we understand that we are facing a future Decembrist.

Sonya

She is “a slender, petite brunette with a soft, shaded long eyelashes look, a thick black braid, twice wrapped around her head, and a yellowish skin tone on her face and especially on her naked, thin, but graceful arms and neck. With the smoothness of movements, the softness and flexibility of small members and a somewhat cunning and restrained manner, she resembles a beautiful, but not yet formed kitten, which will be a lovely kitty. "
S. - the niece of the old Count Rostov, is brought up in this house. Since childhood, the heroine has been in love with Nikolai Rostov, and is very friendly with Natasha. S. is restrained, silent, reasonable, capable of sacrificing herself. The feeling for Nikolai is so strong that she wants to "always love, and let him be free." Because of this, she refuses Dolokhov, who wanted to marry her. S. and Nikolai are linked by word, he promised to marry her. But the old Countess of Rostov is against this wedding, he reproaches S ... She, not wanting to pay with ingratitude, refuses to marry, freeing Nicholas from this promise. After the death of the old count, he lives with the countess in the care of Nicholas.

Dolokhov

“Dolokhov was a man of medium height, curly and with light blue eyes. He was twenty-five years old. He did not wear a mustache, like all infantry officers, and his mouth, the most striking feature of his face, was all visible. The lines of this mouth were remarkably finely curved. In the middle, the upper lip energetically descended on the strong lower lip in a sharp wedge, and in the corners something like two smiles, one on each side, constantly formed; and all together, and especially in combination with a firm, impudent, intelligent look, made the impression that it was impossible not to notice this face. " This hero is not rich, but he knows how to present himself in such a way that everyone around him respects and is afraid of him. He loves to have fun, and in a rather strange and sometimes cruel way. For one case of mockery of the quarter, D. was demoted to the soldier. But during the hostilities he regained his rank of officer. He is an intelligent, brave and cold-blooded person. He is not afraid of death, is reputed to be an evil person, hides his tender love for his mother. In fact, D. does not want to know anyone except those he really loves. He divides people into harmful and useful, sees around him mostly harmful and is ready to get rid of them if they suddenly get in his way. D. was Helene's lover, he provokes Pierre to a duel, unfairly beats Nikolai Rostov at cards, helps Anatol arrange an escape with Natasha.

Nikolay Bolkonsky

The prince, general-in-chief, was dismissed from service under Paul I and exiled to the countryside. He is the father of Andrei Bolkonsky and Princess Marya. This is a very pedantic, dry, active person, who does not tolerate idleness, stupidity, and superstition. Everything in his house is scheduled by the clock, he must be busy all the time. The old prince did not have the slightest change in order and schedule.
ON. short in stature, "in a powdered wig ... with small dry hands and gray drooping eyebrows, sometimes, as he frowned, overshadowed the brilliance of intelligent and like young shiny eyes." The prince is very restrained in showing feelings. He constantly harasses his daughter with nagging, although in fact he loves her very much. ON. a proud, intelligent person, constantly cares about the preservation of family honor and dignity. In his son, he brought up a sense of pride, honesty, duty, patriotism. Despite leaving public life, the prince is constantly interested in political and military events taking place in Russia. Only before his death, he loses the idea of \u200b\u200bthe scale of the tragedy that happened to his homeland.

Andrey Bolkonsky

Son of Prince Bolkonsky, brother of Princess Marya. At the beginning of the novel, we see B. as an intelligent, proud, but rather arrogant person. He despises high society people, is unhappy in marriage and does not respect his pretty wife. B. is very restrained, well educated, he has a strong will. This hero is going through great spiritual changes. First we see that his idol is Napoleon, whom he considers a great man. B. ends up in the war, sent to the army. There he fights on a par with all the soldiers, shows great courage, composure, prudence. Participates in the Battle of Shengraben. B. was seriously wounded in the battle of Austerlitz. This moment is extremely important, because it was then that the hero's spiritual rebirth began. Lying motionless and seeing above him the calm and eternal sky of Austerlitz, B. understands all the pettiness and stupidity of everything that happens in the war. He realized that in reality there should be completely different values \u200b\u200bin life than those that he had until now. All feats, glory do not matter. There is only this vast and eternal sky. In the same episode B. sees Napoleon and understands all the insignificance of this person. B. returns home, where everyone believed him dead. His wife dies in childbirth, but the child survives. The hero is shocked by the death of his wife and feels his guilt before her. He decides not to serve anymore, settles in Bogucharovo, is engaged in housekeeping, raising his son, and reads many books. During a trip to St. Petersburg B. meets Natasha Rostova for the second time. A deep feeling awakens in him, the heroes decide to get married. B.'s father does not agree with the choice of his son, they postpone the wedding for a year, the hero goes abroad. After the betrayal of the bride, he returns to the army under the leadership of Kutuzov. During the Borodino battle he was mortally wounded. By chance he leaves Moscow in the Rostovs' wagon train. Before his death, he forgives Natasha and understands the true meaning of love.

Liza Bolkonskaya

The wife of Prince Andrew. She is the favorite of the whole world, an attractive young woman, whom everyone calls "the little princess." “Her pretty, with a slightly blackened mustache, the upper lip was short across the teeth, but the lovelier it opened and the lovelier it sometimes stretched out and sank onto the lower one. As is always the case with quite attractive women, her lack - the shortness of her lips and a half-open mouth - seemed to be her special, her own beauty. It was fun for everyone to look at this pretty future mother, full of health and liveliness, who so easily endured her position. " L. was a universal favorite thanks to her everlasting liveliness and courtesy of a secular woman, she could not imagine her life without the upper light. But Prince Andrew did not love his wife and felt unhappy in marriage. L. does not understand her husband, his aspirations and ideals. After Andrei left for the war, L. lives in the Bald Hills with the old prince Bolkonsky, to whom he feels fear and dislike. L. has a presentiment of his imminent death and actually dies during childbirth.

Princess Marya

D the eyes of the old prince Bolkonsky and the sister of Andrei Bolkonsky. M. is ugly, painful, but her whole face is transformed by beautiful eyes: "... the eyes of the princess, large, deep and radiant (as if rays of warm light sometimes came out of them in sheaves), were so good that very often, despite the ugliness of the whole face , these eyes became more attractive than beauty. " Princess M. is very religious. She often receives all kinds of pilgrims and pilgrims. She has no close friends, she lives under the oppression of her father, whom she loves, but is incredibly afraid. The old prince Bolkonsky was distinguished by a bad character, M. was absolutely crushed by him and did not believe at all in her personal happiness. She gives all her love to her father, brother Andrei and his son, trying to replace little Nikolenka's dead mother. M.'s life changes after meeting with Nikolai Rostov. It was he who saw all the wealth and beauty of her soul. They marry, M. becomes a devoted wife, fully sharing all the views of her husband.

Kutuzov

A real historical person, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army. For Tolstoy, he is the ideal of a historical figure and the ideal of a person. “He will listen to everything, remember everything, put everything in its place, will not interfere with anything useful and will not allow anything harmful. He understands that there is something stronger and more significant than his will - this is an inevitable course of events, and he knows how to see them, knows how to understand their meaning and, in view of this meaning, knows how to renounce participation in these events, from his personal will directed to something else. " K. knew that “the fate of the battle is not decided by the orders of the commander-in-chief, not by the place where the troops are stationed, not by the number of guns and killed people, but by that elusive force called the spirit of the army, and he watched this force and led it as far as it was. in his power. " K. merges with the people, he is always modest and simple. His behavior is natural, the author constantly emphasizes his overweight, senile weakness. K. is the spokesman for popular wisdom in the novel. His strength lies in the fact that he understands and knows well what worries the people, and acts in accordance with this. K. dies when he has done his duty. The enemy has been driven out of the borders of Russia, there is nothing more for this national hero to do.