What is a carting? And how to use it? Calcation and types of enclosures to Have Something Done - have something made.

Until the era of a computerized traction of the tank was used in designing and building for a joint "end-to-end" viewing plans of floors or drawings of different levels of the mechanical device in order to verify the compatibility of different sheets of a project drawn by different performers. Cataca is a kind of analogue of a set of "layers" in a computerized draw. At this time, thick types of carts are made, capable of passing under the rollers of the printer or copier, without being filled and not stuck. Such varieties are used to print the drawing of the standard node or the drawing of the part, and when searching for engineering solutions through the imposition on the main drawing.

Manufacture

Calca is usually made from sulphate white cellulose with the addition of her types of wood, rag and cotton semi masses without filler or with a small content and is well glued. Carticle can also be made from ready-made pergamine. We give a recipe for the manufacture of transparent paper from the book "1750 practical techno-chemical recipes" (5th ed., V. I. Gubinsky, p. 22): "Garvey, in London, handles the paper Olifey and, by removing gasoline, surplus oily particles , rins in a chlorine bath; Then, after drying, it processes again with hydrogen peroxide. "

High-quality cartridges used to copy drawings in mascara and for blueprints, in the manufacture of much moisturizes, calendarized under high pressure of the rolls and was saturated with film-forming substances. It is a high degree of spression of relatively simple paper partially ensures its transparency on the lumen.

The main property of tracing - transparency. There are two ways to achieve it:

increased grinding degree of cellulosic fiber.

The second method is more efficient, because along with high transparency allows you to achieve high strength, but also more expensive. It is also possible to combine two ways. It was on this path that the part of modern domestic producers had gone, which made it possible to obtain a high-quality product while maintaining an acceptable price.

Types of carts

pencil Matte, embossed non-glossy side - is precisely transparent noncachalned paper, suitable for drawing and copying a pencil on both sides - now it is used as thin material for copying or parallel sketching, by overlaying and drawing on top of the source code.
tedheva With a gloss, a paper base with a peculiar brilliance of one side - a thinner and wounded, much thinner and mechanically weaker pencil tracing, often rushes in a wet form on a wet line, both sides are suitable for the masseau, the pencil falls only on the fruit side - they dragged on the glossy Side, gloss as a measure against a pigment failure in the depth of fibers, and drop contrast drops.
loveVan With a film film, where the glossy side carrying a transparent film base (lavsan, celluloid or vinyl) is noticeably thicker and durable than both types of paper, and the thin rough matte coating for the drawing is applied to the film itself - only one side is suitable for the blur abrasive for a sliding metal tool than pencil tracing.

Worn drawing tools on tracing

The surface is bilateral matte Cataca is more abrasive than normal intensive or office paper. It greatly accelerates the wear of the tool without a ball operating on the principle of direct slip of metal on paper, for example, metal feathers and feathers, rapidographs of the insograms and the raysfederes.

In the absence of an abrasive bar, a matte carting is used as a grinding material for the finishing of factory calligraphic feathers to the acceptable smoothness of the slip (chamfering from the contact area) and rounding the outer angles of the pen, scratching paper. Pencil matte tracing time of the USSR is so abrasive, which can be used as a girlfriend grinding material not only for soft metals, like copper and brass, but for steel and even glass.

Extremely accuracy or very rare, use direct friction tools on pencil trading, like a pen-pan, raysfedor, rapitograf and imaging - the latter often rated in just 1 year of work on pencil tracing, although when working on Watman was calmly worried about 6 years and more wear. The raysfededer was still faster, for the month of work until the formation of a completely noticeable flat hemp-end, instead of the original rounded tip.

Along the way, with some tests, a testing of pencil tray on abrasiveness was conducted - the glass was previously matted by large abrasives, paste goes No. 3 (chromium oxide, grain size 8-17 MK), on top, a grinding of matte pencil tracker made in the USSR in the 1980s - the result is the result of the complete disappearance of the gloss and gloss declared for this number the paste, at the same time an explicit improvement in slip. When subsequent, the control check polishing of the paste of the Goe Glue returned, but the glass surface was less than slippery to plastics and teflon than after the previous polishing of mattectic traps.

The second sample of glass matted by large abrasives was processed by paste gay №3 (chromium oxide, grain size 8-17 MK), and additionally finish grinding paper with abrasive labeled as J3000 Grit JIS (silicon carbide, grain size 4-5 microns). On the top, a grinding of matte pencil trafficking in the 1980s - the glass lost any hint of the gloss, which appeared after grinding the J3000 Grit abrasive, became more roughly, the gliding on the glass of the Teflon plate pasted on the measuring equipment-weight of 145-150 was very noticeably worsened gram.

TOTAL, the estimated assessment of the abrasiveness of pencil carts lies between 8 μm and 4 microns, if we translate to the European FEPA GRIT system, then subjectively corresponds to grinding paper from P3000 to more similar P5000 FEPA, grain size 7 and 5 μm - with an important amendment, very fast wear Abrasion of active "grains" on the surface of the tracing, as a result, the extremely small volume of the material being removed by one traction site.

Specifications

Substance.	Density	Humidity	Roughness	Transparency	Tensile Strength ()	Surface Alkali Ph.
ISO 536.		ISO 287.	ISO 8791-2	ISO 2469.	ISO 1974.	ISO 6588.
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On the question of what trading is, you can get different answers. The most popular value of this word is a transparent paper on which you can draw and draw. At the same time, the term is used by phraseology to create options for words borrowed from other languages. The hostesses use tracking tracking and cooking various meat rolls.

Transparent paper and its purpose

Before the appearance of a computer with its programs for designing, the combination of nodes, parts and reproduction of the drawings was made by tracing. The builders tested the coincidence of the bearing walls and supports on floor plans. Sheets with drawings made of ink, were superimposed on each other and were located opposite the light source. All those who go beyond the dimensions and the contact location of the parts were clearly visible.

Now the drawings are made on the computer and a dense transparent tracker (paper) is created for the printer. It is used mainly by builders and designers for checking and demonstrating various options for arrangements, layouts, laying livelihood systems, security and other communications on buildings plans.

The old engineer on the question of what trading is, will reply definitely - paper for copying and reproduction of drawings. The copier tolerated the lines from the watman on the tracing, imposing it from above. Most often used black mascara. Then made copies on photosensitive paper in the amount required for production.

Manufacturing tracing

Normal tank is available in rolls and packs of sheets of standard sizes. It is made from bleached cellulose and wood mass, grinding to the state of flour. Cotton or pergamine appear as a filler. Calendering - transmitting between hot rollers - and severe squeezing contributes to good gluing and sinking. This gives the transparency and the necessary surface roughness.

The use of grinding with the formation of smaller fractions makes a string string. Since the cost of using complex equipment greatly increase the cost of paper, chose a gold middle. The components are crushed to medium sizes, and in the drying drum, the finished product is passed through the rolls.

Cutca for drawing ink with a pen and a raisfeceder was made smooth of a thin glossy film from Celluloid, less often Vinyl and Lavsana. The matte surface then drank from one or both sides. The paper was obtained with a rough and could be used to polish copper and soft aluminum and iron alloys. An ordinary ballpoint pen when drawing on such a surface quickly fails.

How to make tracing yourself?

You can create independently translucent paper, it is enough to answer the question about what a carting is and how it differs from ordinary paper. The most advanced method is to moisten the usual sheet peeled from oils and gasoline additives. You need to copy quickly, because writing paper will dry and lose transparency.

To create matte stable carts use wax. You can melt it in a chippidar to impregnate sheet and wait until the turbine evaporates. The paper unfolded on the hot metal well absorbs wax. It is quite evenly applied to it and launched. For such a tracing, you can draw pencil, watercolor paints and colored passenger. The lines are not blown away, the image is cleaned.

In addition to wax, the stable transparency of the writing paper gives castor oil. Dissolved in alcohol, it is applied to the sheet. Dries quickly. You can draw in sauna and pencil. This technology is interesting in the reverse process. Alcohol can be removed from the leaf oil and paper will again become an opaque, the drawing with a pencil will be saved.

Drawing for embroidery and other cases can be easily and quickly copied by tracing. It is enough to put it on the image and secure. Then transfer the contour line with a pencil or ink, if a bit, then you can use a ball handle and a liner. Colors and shades are applied later.

On the moistened tree or the skin is superimposed with a trash pattern. So make masters tattoo and carving on wood. The image is obtained mirror. The needlewomen use additionally a copy-step or just fasten the paper to the fabric and embroidered on it, overlapping stitches from above.

Cataca can replace the artist with a canvas. The drawings are copied and applied with watercolor paint, pencils and ink. The image is bright on a translucent background and looks great.

Another use of tracing

What is tracing in the kitchen? This is a material that does not absorb and misses fats. Dough to such paper does not stick. Therefore, the cushion is often laid in forms for baking, on sheets. With it, it turns out stuffing rolls and other soft components.

Cataca (paper) - This translucent paper is most often painted in white. The usual white translucent paper has been transformed today and is located among the design collections of paper. The transparency and density of the tank is achieved due to the smaller than in conventional paper, crushed fiber and adding binders and resins. Thus, tracing is usually denser than that of the same thickness. There is no standard classification.

What happens a tracing (paper)

Most often it differs in the appointment and types of print as follows:

Paper in rolls is intended mainly for technical works on plotters and laser photocpenss, as well as drawing in a carcass and pencil.

Sizes of tracing

Most often used tracing width of 297 mm, 420 mm, 594 mm, 610 mm, 841 mm, 914 mm (imported) and 420 mm, 625 mm, 878 mm (domestic). A4 and A3 are popular for printing on copiers and laser printers, and for offset and stencil, preferably printing formats - 70 per 100 cm and others. Modern tracing is the following types:

classic white;
all possible colors and shades;
matte, imitation of parchment;
under gold and silver;
with different patterns;
with patterns that mimic water.

Traditional paper use (tracing) - In booklets and calendars used as a second sheet after the cover. Carticle is used for liners with the text of an invitation or postcard. Sometimes they make an envelope from the carting in the tone or the same color as the envelope. Popular as well on tank.
Paper tracing practically does not cause problems in print.

Ways to work with tracing

Cartica has proven itself in offset printing, but the surface of the tank does not absorb moisture, so folic paint is recommended. Looks badly, so in order to avoid dragging paint from one sheet to another, it is better to unload the reception timely. It is necessary to keep ready-made prints in small footsteps, because the paint should be fixed.

Excellent proven to use enclosures and in the form of printing. When sealing at the CPM toner (Xerox, Canon, Conic Minolt, etc.), you must check the system on one sheet. Sometimes the toner does not bake on the traction correctly and falls off. When printing, it is necessary to take into account the temperature of the thermoelement, as you can lose not only paper, but also the printing device. As a rule, the main characteristics of the material (low resistance) are specified in the specification. Exotic problems are possible - some brands of toned paper tracing paper after heating change color.

Cushion cushion better than synthetic glueBecause the water-dispersion glue can cause a wavy effect at the gluing place. Cataca is sensitive to changing climatic conditions, it means to avoid twisting paper before and after printing, the material must be protected from drafts and temperature drops and humidity.

General property of all types of cart - The ability to absorb moisture from the air and increased sensitivity to change conditions in the printed shop, so the packaging should be opened only immediately before printing. In the process of printing, there is a stable humidity and temperature (+20 ° C and 50% humidity).

Sometimes there are difficulties in post-processing: the material is very dense and hardly cut. The recommended height of the cottage foot when processing a saber or guillotine cutter should be no more than 5 cm.
Before you order on a tracing, do not forget to consult a typography technologist in which you plan to fulfill the order. When working with any design paper, you need to learn it, spend several test printouts and follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

Look video for the use of tracing As a paper to transfer a wood pattern.

The appearance of the tracing refers to the 17th century. Before the appearance of paper traits wide used in the construction sectorThanks to this material it was convenient to view the "Thrust" plans of the floors of the drawings of different levels of the device, it was easier to check the compatibility of different sheets of the project. It can be said that tracing is an analogue of the "layers" on the computer.

Calca represents translucent paperThe composition contains finely discharged to the state of flour cellulose and wood. Filler - cotton or pergamine. Its density is quite large, which allows you to do it fine. There are also thicker types of carts, so that such a material passing through the printer will not replete.

Carticle can be not only matte and transparent, there is also a textured, color and even pearl carting.

Initially, carts were used for drawing workAccordingly, only experts knew about it. Now the situation has changed, and the tracing is used in many areas. Often it used for manual copyAnd even a schoolboy in primary classes will be able to answer what it is.

Artists, students of architectural specialties are unlikely to do without the use of tracing. But it is also used in the kitchen at the expense of exceptional properties: absorbs and does not miss fats, the dough does not stick. Using tracing, it is easier to turn the rolls of minced meat.

The advantages of tracing are its properties: it is not afraid of reusable additionThis material is quite durable, when stored does not require much space. Caching can be purchased in many stores. Treading in rolls or packs of standard sheets is available.

Ceing printing makes it possible to present the main color compositions, which is relevant for artists or designers. Designer tracing - Beautiful, but at the same time very capricious material. It must be remembered that not every type of carting is suitable for printing, so this process is best to trust the professionals of your business. Many copnins will gladly print the desired drawing on the trash.

The main property of the cart is its transparency, to achieve which in two ways: calendering and increasing the degree of cellulosic fiber grinding. A second way is considered to be more effective, besides, it allows you to make a cushion stronger. But this method is more expensive. Both methods can be combined - domestic producers are exactly what they do, due to which the high quality of the product is ensured and the price is acceptable.

Nikolay Dubina [Email Protected]

Cataca ( fr.. Calque english. Tracing Paper) - Thin transparent paper used in drawing, light and manual copying. Cataca appeared at the beginning of the 17th century. This translucent rigid paper, which includes finely discharged cellulose. In its structure, it is characterized by high density, which allows you to make it as thin as possible.

Until the era of computerized cartridges, the tank was used in constructing and construction for a joint "end-to-end" viewing plans of floors or drawings of different levels of the mechanical device in order to verify the compatibility of different sheets of a project drawn by different performers. Cataca is a kind of analogue of a set of "layers" in a computerized draw. At this time, various types of carts are made that can pass under the rollers of the printer or copier without jams and jams. Such varieties are used to print the drawing of a standard node or drawing of the part, as well as when searching for engineering solutions through an overlap on the main drawing.

Calca is usually produced from sulphate cellulose sulphate with the addition of wood, rag and cotton semi masses without filler (or with a small content) and is well cleaned. Or, as an option, from the ready-made pergamine.

High-quality cartridge, used to copy drawings in mascara and for blueprints, in the manufacture is very moistened, calendered under high pressure of the rolls and is messed with film-forming substances. It is a high degree of suggesting relatively simple paper partially ensures its transparency on the lumen.

The main property of tracing - transparency. There are two ways to achieve it:

calendering;
increased degree (degree) of cellulosic fiber grinding.

The second method is more efficient, because along with high transparency allows you to achieve high strength, but it is more expensive in the manufacture. It is also possible to combine two ways. It was on this path that the part of modern domestic producers had gone, which made it possible to obtain a high-quality product while maintaining an acceptable price.

Cutca for drawing and copying a pencil (matte, without a glossy side) is precisely transparent non-steam paper. Carticle with a glossy side was two types in the USSR:

stranger, on a paper basis with a peculiar brilliance, very thin and continuing, much thinner and mechanically weaker pencil tracing;
filly-like lavsanoy, where the glossy side was the most transparent film base (lavsan, celluloid or vinyl), noticeably thicker and durable than both types of paper, and the rough translucent matte coating for the drawing was already applied to the film itself.

The surface of two-sided matt tracing is much more abrasive than a typical drawing or office paper. This noticeably accelerates the wear of a non-scattering tool operating on the principle of direct metal slide on paper, such as metal feathers and feathers, rapidographs and a raisfeceders. In the absence of an abrasive bar, a matte carting is used as a grinding material for the finishing of factory calligraphic feathers to the acceptable smoothness of the slip (chamfering from the contact area) and rounding the outer angles of the pen, scratching paper.

Pencil matte tracing Times of the USSR is so abrasive, which can be used as a sternum grinding material not only for soft metals, like copper and brass, but also for steel and even glass.

Calcane standards

Substance.	Density	Humidity	Roughness	Transparency	TENSILE STRENGTH (MD)	Surface Alkali Ph.

Today in designer collections you can find not only matte transparent paper, but also textured, colored and pearl tracks. Something strange, but the technology of manufacturing this type of paper is still unknown to many people. Only manufacturers of products are devoted to the secret of its creation.

Initially, the product was intended for drawing works. On what trading, only specialists in this area knew mostly. To date, the product is used in many spheres. It is used for manual copying, and now even the schoolboy of the elementary classes will easily answer the question of what trading.

However, not every artist will disappear to use this paper in his work - and all because sometimes the result may be completely unpredictable. In principle, the tracing is a thing of essentials for people of creative professions, such as artists. A student of the architectural specialty will also not be able to do without tracing.

The use of this material allows multiple times to reduce the time you need to create multiple layouts. This type of paper is not afraid of reusable addition, and in addition, this material is rather durable. Calca compact when stored.

Designer tracing - this is a very capricious material, but at the same time - extraordinarily beautiful. Do not forget that when printing may arise two problems. Not all types of tracing can be used in print, as on some it is simply impossible to carry out high-quality transfer.

Another problem is that difficulties may occur when the sheets are submitted to the printing machine, as well as when there are sheets in it at the time of printing. That is why this process is better to entrust professionals.

Tracing on the Russian paper market

Despite the apparent variety, the offer of cakes in the Russian market is quite limited. Nevertheless, what is offered, with more than the requests of even very demanding customers - both in terms of density and size and color. So, what is offered by large suppliers? ..

Alexander Brown

The German Factory Schoellershammer has existed since 1784 and is famous for the whole world with its traps. The successful combination of traditional methods of paper production and modern technologies made them a role model and a quality benchmark for translucent designer paper. Buyers are provided by classic white Glamabasic tracing.

Cleanocellular traps Glamabasic Blessed without adding chlorine, do not contain acids and have high resistance to aging. They are suitable for most printing methods and post-printing: high and offset printing, silk-screen printing, varnishing, lamination, congregation, cutting, laser cutting, hot stamping foil, ragings and folding. Also suitable for use in office engineering: inkjet and laser printers. In any case, before printing the circulation, it is recommended to make a trial print.

Density (g / m2): 92, 112, 150, 180, 280.

Format (cm / cm): 70x100.

Antalyis

Production Arjowiggins, England

Transparent trackers Curious Translucents Clear And Colter Color Curious Transludes Color - An innovative collection of designer paper, fully certified by FSC.

Curious Transluces - Cleanly Salulous Tags for the highest quality. The roller ruler allows you to beat the shades of paper and the printed image, has many effects: Clear - genuine transparent; Clear Effects - Linear (Lines); SPACE DUST (splashes); Coloured - Metallized, Bright and Natural Shades:

Curious Color Bright White - Extraked;
Curious Color Pearl - pearl pearl;
Curious Color Silver - Pearl Silver;
Curious Color Gold - Gold Pearl.

CURIOUS TRANSLUCENTS trackers are suitable for the main types of printing: offset printing folic and Ufkraski (in compliance with the manufacturer's recommendations), stencil, flexography. Embossed, deforestation, folding, folding, folding, folding, folding, folding.

Density (g / m2): 90 and 100.

Format (cm / cm): 70x100.

Europapir

Production SCHOELLERSHAMMER, Germany

Primirted tray Glama Digital. Production of SCHOELLERSHAMMER, density 112 and 150. This tracing hp is certified and enters a wide range of specialized materials for HP Indigo machines. Comes in 460x320 mm format, packed in a pack of 250 sheets.

FSC certified.

Company "Coast"

Production: Fedrigoni, Italy

GSC (Golden Star Color)

Cleanly propulsic color translucent paper toned in mass. Supplied in the 70x100 cm format sheets with a density of 100 and 200 g / m2.

Large colors:

Blue - Dronine;
Yellow - Joint;
Red - red;
Green - dark green;
Coffee - Coffee;
Cream - cream;
Fluo Green - Fluorescent Line.

As well as metallized:

GOLD - golden;
Silver - silver.

GSK (Golden Star K)

Cleanly propulsic paper high transparency - "tracing". Comes in two white shades: Extra White and Premium White. The bleaching process is carried out in an inhabitual way. The paper is completely amenable to biological decay and recycling.

It is supplied both in a polygraphic format sheets 70x100 cm and in sheets for digital printing from A4 format for office equipment up to 32x46.4 cm for HP Indigo. Drencil range - from 80 to 240 g / m2.

Pergamenata.

Cleanly propulsic translucent paper imitating matte parchment. It is supplied in SRA3 format sheets for digital printing and in polygraphic format sheets 70x100 cm in the density range from 90 to 230 g / m2.

Comes in two colors:

Bianca - white;
Naturale - beige.

Pergamenata Pearl.

Cleanly propulsic translucent paper with metal glitter. Has two-sided pearl coating. Available in 70x100 cm format sheets.

Comes in three color versions:

Ice - ice;
Silver - silver;
Bronze - Bronze.

All presented papers have FSC and ISO 9706 certificates (durable paper or long-term use paper). They are designed taking into account the specifics of the printing of offset, silkotrafiat and flexography, showed themselves in post-printing. Materials supplied in digital formats have appropriate certificates from HP Indigo and Xerox.

The Fedrigoni Concern's Fedrigoni Celebration has perfectly proven itself in Russia. Over the past 20 years, it pleases Russian polygraphists with the quality and high manufacturability of the material, and designers and artists - the original appearance and a wide choice of possible applications.

Double B.

Production SCHOELLERSHAMMER (Germany)

In addition to the cleanly propululous translucent white tracing Glama Basic.which has already been mentioned above, the company offers Glama Color - Also cleanly cellulose, but toned tracing.

It is recommended for offset, silk-starafare, high printing, as well as for varnishing, congregation and dumplings and stamping foil. With digital printing, a stable result is not guaranteed. It is necessary to conduct pre-testing.

62 g / m2 density -
250 sheets and 100 g / m2 - 125 sheets.

GLAMA BASIC - white;
Glama Color - dark Bord;
GLAMA COLOR - black;
Glama Color - blue;
Glama Color - green;
Glama Color - Pink;
Glama Color - red;
Glama Color - Winner.

Production Zanders, Germany

Cleanly cellulose toned cartridge Zanders Spectral., wide range of colors. Recommended for offset, silkotrafare, digital (pre-testing), high printing, as well as for varnishing, cognate and dumplings and stamping foil. With digital printing, a stable result is not guaranteed. It is necessary to conduct pre-testing.

The collection contains envelopes.

Supplied in sheets 65x92 cm and 70x100 cm; 100 sheets in a pack.

Density: 100 and 200 g / m2.

Snowy;
White;
Honey;
Motnozle;
Blue frost;
Pink lollipop;
Purple Haze;
Cherry;
Orange;
Solarmed;
Yellow-skinned;
Blue lake;
Ultraviolet.

Cleanocellular cottka Zanders T2000.. Recommended for multi-stage offset printing, for the manufacture of originals, drawing, copying. With digital printing, a stable result is not guaranteed. It is necessary to conduct pre-testing.

Supplied in sheets 70x100 cm.

The density of 9095 g / m2 - 500 sheets, 8085, 110, 110115 g / m2 - 250 sheets, 150 g / m2 - 125 sheets.

Palette: ordinary translucent.

Manufacturer: Fabriano, Italy

Cleanocellular paper Pergamon. With the "Crystal" effect, in appearance resembles trance trance trance with a similar pattern.

Made from ECFotulose and has a FSC certificate. Suitable for one-color and full color printing using offset and screening technologies. With digital printing, a stable result is not guaranteed. It is necessary to conduct pre-testing.