The intelligent-phraseological dictionary of Michelson (Orig. Orph.) What is a sketch, which means and how correctly writes

Sketches are intended for one-time use. Sketches perform workers drawings, and in some cases it is made of details.

Sketches are usually performed by a soft pencil on paper into a cage. Lines, inscriptions and numbers should be clear. All construction should be made by hand. On the sketch it is necessary to observe the proportionality of the linear dimensions of the details and projection bond.

The work drawing of the detail differs from the sketch by the fact that it is performed by drawing tools or using a drawing program on a computer (for example, in auto-channel, compass, etc.) as standard, on standard formats, with strict observance of types of lines and their thickness. On the working drawing, as well as on the detail sketch, all the information necessary for the manufacture of the part must be placed, i.e. The form and its dimensions should be transmitted, the permissible deviations from the nominal sizes are indicated.

Sketches and drawings performed by students on the course "Mechanical Engineering Drawing" can be viewed as a design document compiled for a specific learning task. Each drawing should have a basic inscription, which is located in the lower right corner of the drawing. The form of the main inscription for machine-building drawings should correspond to GOST 2.104-68.

Drawing on sketches and drawings

Before drawing sizes, we recommend carefully examined GOST 2.307-68 on drawing size and limit deviations in the drawings. Sliding the dimensions should take into account the requirements of the design, the technology processing technology and the ability to control. Therefore, before the size of the sizes, you should select the surface or the part lines, from which the measurement will be measured when it is processed on the mills. These surfaces are called bases. Bases can be design and technological. The mutual position of different surfaces of the part is set by linear or angular sizes. Details and lines Drawing Details, with respect to which the designer orients other details are called design bases. The surface from which is best to measure the measurement in the process of manufacturing the part, is called a technological basis.

Slip the dimensions so that the requirements of the design and technology are taken into account - the task is very complex, since often the size of the size of the design bases does not coincide with the prostancing of the size of technological bases. Dimensions should be supported so that they are conveniently controlled by a specific measuring instrument so that the workman in the manufacture of the details does not produce any calculations and used only the sizes that are affixed in the drawing.

The size of the sizes from one base (surface surface) of holes located on one axis are shown. In the figure for the database, the axis is accepted, since the holes are arranged around the circle.

In practice, three ways of drawing sizes are used: a chain, coordinate (from one base) and combined. When drawing sizes with a chain, one of them does not indicate, as it is determined by the dimensional size of the part. The main disadvantage of this method is the summation of errors that may appear in the process of manufacturing the part. In the coordinate method, the sizes are applied from the selected base. In this method, any size does not depend on other parts of the part. The combined method connects the characteristics of the chain and coordinate methods. This method is the most common.

The total number of sizes in the drawing should be minimal, but sufficient for the manufacture of the part. It is not allowed to repeat the size of the same item on different images. The dimensions of several identical elements can be applied once, indicating the number of these elements on the call.

Each size corresponds to a certain technological operation. It is recommended sizes related to the inner surface, apply from the side of the cut, and the outdoor dimensions - from the side side.

When performing sketches of parts from nature, as well as when performing work drawings of parts, it is necessary to use normal linear dimensions set by GOST 6636-69.

The requirement of applying normal sizes is applied to those surfaces that are manufactured by the tolerance system. Normal dimensions are recommended to be rounded, if possible, a break preference is primarily the numbers ending with zero, and then to zero and five and, finally, at 2 and 8. The use of normal linear and angular sizes in the manufacture of machine parts significantly reduces the number of necessary measuring calibers. and cost of products.

Esquisse) - preliminary sketch, fixing the idea of \u200b\u200bthe artistic work, structures, mechanisms, or its separate part. In the design documentation: Sketch is a drawing made by hand in an eye.

Sketch - quickly performed free drawing, not intended as final work, often consists of a plurality of overlapping lines. Can be performed in various techniques.

Sketches are inexpensive and allow the artist to make sketches and try other ideas before embodying them in painting. Pencil or pastel are more preferable for sketches due to time limit, but quickly made of watercolor outline or even quickly modeled clay or soft wax layout can also be considered a sketch in a wider word value. Graphite pencils are relatively new invention, the artists of the Renaissance made sketches using a silver feather on a specially prepared paper.

In the sketch work, an eraser can be used, which is used to remove the construction lines or to mitigate too sharp lines.

Sometimes the sketch is called sketch (not to be confused with the sketch - the one-acting play of comedy content). "Skatch" (from the English "Sketch" - sketch, sketch) - quickly performed by the hand drawing, usually not considered completed work. Skatch can serve various purposes - it will help you quickly capture what the artist sees. Write or develop an idea to further use it, or serve as a convenient form of graphic demonstration of pictures, ideas or principles.

Notes

Links

// Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: in 4 tons / auto-comp. V. I. Dal.. - 2nd ed. - St. Petersburg. : Printing house M. O. Wolf., 1880-1882.

In order to make any product or product item, it is necessary to first develop its project, that is, a drawing or a sketch that specialists and are guided during their manufacture. Only then the details will be obtained homogeneous, high-quality and appropriate technical and other characteristics. In our material we will tell, what is the difference between the sketch of the drawing and will conduct the main distinguishing characteristics of these two documents.

What is a sketch?

Sketch is an outline (drawing) of the part, object or structure by hand with the observance of the approximate proportions of the future product. But in order to fully understand what the details sketch differs from the drawing, should be performed in the essence of the sketch. In the sketch, despite the fact that the drawing itself can be approximate, the values \u200b\u200bspecified in it should be clearly defined in order to perform the work on the manufacture of parts (products), guided by these sizes and references to others (also verified) features Could make a full-fledged and working part (product) that fully appropriately suitable for its technical and other characteristics to further use it.

The sketch is also used if you need to manufacture only one item or to develop a full-fledged production drawing based on it. If products or details are planned to be produced in a production scale (in large quantities), for this, on the basis of previous developments, elaboration, refinement (sketches) draws drawing.

What is the drawing?

The drawing is a fully developed document with a detailed technical and other description of the part (products, buildings). In fact, it is the same sketch, but made using special and in accordance with the generally accepted rules of the drawing. The item in such a document is 100% worked out, all segments and parts in it are thoroughly adjusted and applied on paper in specified proportions, with a decrease (or increasing), based on the rules and zoom ratios.

Understanding what the sketch differs from the drawing is laid in the following. Any part of the unit, as well as the assembly node or the self-made assembly itself, must have exactly their working drawing, and not a sketch that specialists are guided in the process of its production (manufacturing). Only those nodes, parts, aggregates, which are made in strict accordance with the work drawings developed for the production are considered. Any discrepancies with the drawing in size and other features give the right to call such a product with substandard (defective).

Total in sketch and drawing

So, what is the difference in the sketch from the working drawing of the part? First of all, the most thorough overwork and observance of proportions. But there are in these two documents and clearly traceable similarities, for example:

Difference in sketch and drawing

From the further section will be even more understandable than the sketch differs from the working drawing. In particular, the main differences in these two documents are as follows:

In accuracy of execution. If the sketch can be sketched by hand or modify it with the help of the lines applied from the hand, the drawing is a final document that does not provide for refinement and made using drawing tools or special computer programs created specifically for drawing.
If only conditional proportions of the part are observed in the sketch, the drawing is a full type of detail with precise compliance with proportions, reduced or increased by all rules of scaling. Some drawings may coincide with the scale with the details of 100%.
In registration. The technical part of the drawing contains much more detailed information about the product.

Outcome

For the final comparison of the sketch and drawing, we decided to create a table in which the main differences in these two drawing documents would completely be traced.


Is done by hand or with the help of an ordinary ruler, with manual refinement of bends	Made solely with drawing tools or special computer programs
Accuracy consists only in some observance of proportions	Accuracy lies in everything: in proportions, in size, in a large-scale ratio
Only key features and characteristics are being worked out.	Contains a detailed illustrative example with mention of the most smallest features and characteristics.
The design of the technical part contains only general information.	The design of the technical part contains deployed and more detailed information about the future product.
In some cases, it may be refined in the manufacturing process, with some adjustments and comments on their introduction	Always the final document. The values \u200b\u200bstipulated in it and other information are not subject to any adjustments. Detail (product) should always be made strictly according to the drawing. All errors should be laid in the framework provided by the present drawing.

Conclusion

As any drawer would say, regardless of what the sketch differs from the drawing, there would be no drawing without a sketch as such. And indeed, in order to work out your drawing, the drawers first in any case have to be sketched, and then, on its basis, create a full-fledged drawing.

As practice shows, for many experienced toiod or architects, which are most often guided by such documents in the manufacture of details or construction of various buildings, absolutely no matter what the drawing differs from the sketch. The main thing is that all sizes are displayed in the document. Often in the repair shops of the machines themselves, literally on the go, you have to create sketches for details. But from this quality of the products manufactured by them completely does not fall. The same can be said about specialists in the field of construction.

\u003e\u003e Drawing \u003e\u003e Drawing 9 Classroom \u003e\u003e Drawing: Sketches

Probably, no one of you will be news that before proceeding to the manufacture of any detail or subject, first of all it is necessary to draw a drawing or make a sketch. The performance of the drawing or sketch is prepared and is called graphics documentation. All those objects that need to be made in the future are the name of the products. But the individual parts of these items are called details.

a - sketch; B - drawing

Sketch and drawing

Now let's get acquainted in more detail with such concepts as a sketch and drawing.

A sketch is called an estimated image of a future object or part. The sketch does not require compliance with the proportions and the use of drawing tools. This is just a preliminary drawing of the future subject.

In contrast to the pre-drawn sketch, when performing a drawing, it is necessary to use drawing tools, as it is the main graphic document. The drawing also refers to the conditional image of the planned product, but has more accurate data.

With the right drawing, the specialist clearly can read the size of this product on it, the appearance, form and material from which it will be manufactured. Dimensions in the drawings are made on a specific scale and provided in millimeters.

Comparative characteristics of the sketch and drawing

And now let's try to find the differences between the sketch and the drawing.

First, the sketch includes a preliminary and inaccurate sketch of the alleged part or the future product. This one-time sketch is done when you need to urgently depict some scenario of you the idea of \u200b\u200bthe invention of the new product. According to the paper sketch in the future, experts will be able to develop work drawings for which products will already be made.

Secondly, in contrast to the sketch, a preliminary working drawing, as you already know, is performed using drawing tools. The drawings can also be performed using computer programs such as autocadus, compass and others. In mandatory, all drawings are performed in compliance with standard formats, scale and even lines thickness.

Thirdly, performing a drawing, it is necessary to clearly adhere to a certain scale. It can be one to two or one to four. To perform the sketch, such requirements are optional.

And the latter, all the necessary information that transmits the dimensions of the product, its shape and indicate the errors in size to be transferred to the drawing on the sketch sketch.

For any novice fashion designer, it is important to figure out how the sketch is different from the drawing and technical pattern. Without this, it is simply impossible to move on. You must understand how to move from a mental image to the finished image of the clothes item in which you can sew a quality product. Therefore, the answer to the question: "What is the different skirt sketch from the drawing?", Everyone should know.

Of course, you may argue that the Grand Couturier is not necessary to be guided by some drawings or sketches. And this is absolute truth, because the couture can experiment with tissues right on the mannequin, creating a unique image. But to launch it in the mass you need to sew a lot of such outfits. It is then that the moment comes when the idea should go to the creation of graphic models. Only they will help your hired workers to sew an exact copy of unique clothes.

Difference between sketch, drawing and pattern

Now, to make clarity in the question what is the difference between the sketch of the drawing and technical pattern? Let's consider each of the types of graphic image separately.

Sketch - This is an approximate image of the garment, you can say the sketch. The drawing in this case is performed without the use of drawing tools, but even such a proportionality should remain in detail. That is, the sketch is a preliminary sketch of the future product.

Drawing - This is an exact image of a future garment object or its details. Completed using programs or special drawing tools. In addition to the image of the item of the garment, the dimensions that need to know when sewing are also indicated in the drawing. Here, everything, without exception, the details of the clothing must be performed on the scale with the preservation of forms and sizes, which are indicated in millimeters.

Technical figure - Primary tool for reporting information from the designer to the manufacturer. The technical pattern is formed at the design stage of the model and is performed mainly without the use of drawing tools. The main task is to report all design solutions to the manufacturer. Therefore, it shows exclusively elements of clothing without a figure of the model. The focus is on the decorative elements and clothing designs. Additionally, the membership lines, decorative lines and other elements that create a general image of the model are shown. The main requirement for technical figure is to have a schematic form of feeding without unnecessary lines and to repeat the finished product exactly.

Essence of each of the graphic ways of the image

Having understood with the assignment of each type of graphic image of the clothes, you can make some sequence and understand that one cannot exist without any other. So, at the beginning, Kuturier creates an image and causes it to a preliminary sketch. Then, for feeding the idea of \u200b\u200bproduction, a technical figure is performed, on the basis of which the working drawing is already being built. After performing all the steps, the mass production of the model begins and only if all the steps are made high qualityly on the market, an accurate copy of the initial idea is entered.