Is a happy man a dreamer of white nights Dostoevsky. Composition based on Dostoevsky's story "White Nights

This is the story of Fyodor Dostoevsky, which was first published in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski in 1848. The writer dedicated his work to A.N. Pleshcheev, a friend of youth. Perhaps this particular person is the prototype of the main character, as it is known that at this time he was thinking about his own version of the story, the hero of which is in the clouds. The characteristics of the dreamer from the story "White Nights" will be discussed in our article.

We are all dreamers

"White Nights", according to many researchers of the writer's work, is one of his most poetic and brightest works. Dostoevsky himself, in addition, wrote that we are all to some extent dreamers. That is, the story can be called autobiographical in a sense. After all, Fedor Mikhailovich, like main character works, often remembered his dreams. He wrote that in his youthful fantasy he liked to represent himself sometimes as Mary, then Pericles, then a knight in a tournament, then a Christian during the reign of Nero, etc. The atmosphere of this work is romantic, as are the images of its main characters - a young girl and an official, a commoner. They both have a pure soul.

Meeting with Nastenka

The story consists of five parts. Moreover, four of them describe nights, and the final one describes morning. The young man, the protagonist, is a dreamer who has lived for eight years in St. Petersburg, but could not find friends in this city. He went for a walk one summer day. But suddenly it seemed to the hero that the whole city had gone to the dacha. Being a lonely person, the dreamer felt with great force his isolation from the rest. He decided to go out of town on foot. Returning from a walk, the main character noticed a young girl (Nastenka) sobbing at the railing of the canal.

They got into conversation. Dostoevsky begins his story "White Nights" with these events.

The character of the protagonist

Choosing the form of the narration in the first person, the author of the work gave it the features of confession, reflections of an autobiographical nature. It is characteristic that Dostoevsky did not name his hero. This technique strengthens the association with a close friend of the writer or the author himself. All his life the image of a dreamer worried Fyodor Mikhailovich. He even wanted to write a novel of the same name.

The characterization of the dreamer from the story "White Nights" is as follows. In the novel, the main character is a full of strength, educated young man. However, he calls himself a lonely and timid dreamer. This character lives with romantic dreams that have replaced reality for him. Everyday worries and affairs are not interesting to him. He performs them only out of necessity and feels himself to be a stranger in this world. The poor dreamer hides in the dark corners of Petersburg, where the sun never looks. This person is always embarrassed, he constantly feels guilty. The hero has ridiculous manners, stupid speech.

The external characteristics of the dreamer from the story "White Nights" are very scarce. The author places emphasis on his. So, we cannot say what he does, where he serves. This depersonalizes him even more. The dreamer lives without friends, and he also never met girls. Because of this, the hero becomes the object of hostility and ridicule of others. He himself compares himself to a dirty, crumpled kitten, looking at the world with hostility and resentment.

All the time it feels like main character is a young boy or a fever-eaten teenager. Confused confessions and excessive emotions, which he splashes out chaotically, seem to have absolutely nothing to do with the situation. He does not know the world at all, as the characterization of the dreamer from the story "White Nights" shows. If a girl decides to connect her life with this hero, tender sighs await her, but such a person will not invite her either to visit or to the theater - only the ban at home will make her a hostage of sentimentality. The characteristic of the dreamer allows us to draw this conclusion.

The sinfulness of a dreamer's life, his creative powers

Fedor Mikhailovich believes that such a ghostly life is sinful, since it takes a person out of the world of reality. He turns into a "strange creature" of some kind of "neuter". Dreams of the protagonist have creative value at the same time. After all, this man, as Dostoevsky notes, is the artist of his own life. He creates it at his own discretion every hour.

"Extra person"

The dreamer is a type of so-called superfluous person. However, only his criticism is turned inward. He does not despise society, like Pechorin or Onegin. This hero feels sincere sympathy for strangers. An altruistic dreamer is able to serve another person, come to his aid.

Reflection of mood in society in the work

Many of Dostoevsky's contemporaries had an inherent tendency to dream of something unusual and bright. Disappointment and despair reigned in society, which were caused by the defeat of the Decembrists. After all, the upsurge of the liberation movement in the 60s has not yet matured. Fyodor Mikhailovich himself was able to abandon empty dreams in favor of the ideals of democracy. However, the main character of "White Nights" did not manage to escape from the captivity of dreams, although he understood the perniciousness of his own attitude.

Nastenka

Opposed to this hero-dreamer Nastenka is an active girl. Dostoevsky created the image of a romantic and sophisticated beauty who is a hero, albeit a little naive and childish. Arouses the respect of this girl, her desire to fight for her own happiness. However, Nastenka herself needs support.

The love that the dreamer lived through

Dostoevsky ("White Nights") in his work describes the pure, sincere feeling of a dreamer. Selfish motives are unknown to the hero. He is ready to sacrifice everything for another, therefore, he seeks to arrange the happiness of this girl, without thinking for a minute that Nastenka's love is the only thing he has in this life. The dreamer's feeling is trusting, disinterested. It is as pure as the white nights. Love saves the hero from his "sin" (that is, dreaminess), allows him to quench his thirst for the fullness of life. However, his fate is sad. He is a lonely person again. F. Dostoevsky ("White Nights"), however, does not leave the story of a hopeless tragedy in the finale. The dreamer blesses his beloved again.

This story is a kind of idyll. This is the author's utopia about what people could be if they showed better feelings. The work "White Nights", in which the dreamer is a generalized, typical character, is more a dream of a beautiful, different life than Dostoevsky's reflection of reality.

Dreamers at Tolstoy and Dostoevsky

It is interesting to look at the main character's ideas about happiness (the ideal of compassion and brotherhood) through the prism of Tolstoy's work "After the Ball". The characterization of the dreamer ("White Nights") in the light of this story becomes especially prominent. The endless isolation from life and the sentimentality of Dostoevsky's hero contrast sharply with the deep feelings inherent in the young romantic from the work of Tolstoy. He, unlike the first, makes serious decisions. The hero of Fyodor Mikhailovich is completely immersed in his experiences. For him, somewhere on the sidelines, there is an external world. One’s own dreams are the only motive for performing this or that action, as the dreamer ("White Nights") and his "double" from the story "After the Ball" show. Any sentimentality is an indicator of a lack of understanding of urgent needs, spiritual loneliness, a consequence of a sense of alienation from the world that owns a person. F. Dostoevsky ("White Nights") nevertheless sympathizes with the hero and does not condemn him.

The image of the dreamer is one of the central in the work of the young Dostoevsky. The image of the dreamer in the story White Nights is autobiographical: Dostoevsky himself stands behind him.

On the one hand, the author claims that a ghostly life is a sin, it leads away from real reality, and on the other hand, he emphasizes the creative value of this sincere and pure life. "He is the artist of his life and creates it for himself every hour at his own discretion."

“I walked a lot and for a long time, so that I had completely managed, as usual, to forget where I was, when I suddenly found myself at the outpost ... As if I suddenly found myself in Italy, - nature struck me, a half-sick city dweller, almost suffocating walls ... There is something inexplicably touching in our St. Petersburg nature, when she, with the onset of spring, will suddenly show all her power, all the powers bestowed on her by the sky, pubescent, discharged, dazzled with flowers ... "

In the dark corners of St. Petersburg, where the sun never peeps, a poor dreamer hides, always confused, feeling guilty, with ridiculous manners, stupid speech, reaching the point of self-destruction. The hero paints a self-portrait: a crumpled, filthy kitten, snorting with resentment and at the same time hostility, looks at nature and even "at the handout from the master's dinner" brought by the compassionate housekeeper.

"White Nights" is a story about the loneliness of a person who has not found himself in an unjust world, about unfulfilled happiness. The hero is unaware of selfish motives. He is ready to sacrifice everything for another and seeks to arrange Nastenka's happiness, not for a moment thinking that Nastenka's love for him is the only thing that he can get from life. The dreamer's love for Nastenka is disinterested, trusting and as pure as the white nights. This feeling saves the hero from the "sin" of dreaming and quenches his thirst for real life. But his fate is sad. He's alone again. However, there is no hopeless tragedy in the story. The dreamer blesses his beloved: "May your sky be clear, may your sweet smile be bright and serene, may you be blessed for the minute of bliss and happiness that you gave to another, lonely, grateful heart!"

This tale is a kind of idyll. This is a utopia about how people could be if they showed their best feelings. It is more a dream of a different, beautiful life than a reflection of reality.

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F.M. Dostoevsky wrote the novel "White Nights" in the last months of the autumn of 1847, soon, already in 1848, the work was published by the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.

Earlier, the writer was already interested in the topic of "Petersburg dreamers", on this topic in 1847 he wrote several articles-feuilletons, which were included in the large feuilleton "Petersburg Chronicle". But Dostoevsky published these articles almost anonymously, signing the feuilletons with the letters "F.M." Later, critics found that part of the material from the feuilleton was included in the story "White Nights" - a description of the life of the heroes, their characteristics.

The story is dedicated to A.N. Pleshcheev, a friend of Dostoevsky's youth, and some critics argue that Pleshcheev became the prototype for the protagonist. Some, however, object that the image of the protagonist is the image of the youngest Dostoevsky, and it is no coincidence that the author narrates from the first person, hinting at his autobiographical character.

Analysis of the work

Genre features, composition, content of the story

The writer accompanies the story with two subtitles: "A Sentimental Novel" and "From the Memoirs of a Dreamer." Both subtitles indicate that the story belongs to a particular genre and literary movement. The first - directly, the second - indirectly, because diary entries, memories, retrospectives are becoming a common method of presentation in sentimental literature. The writer calls the story a novel, also based on sentimental views. For the same reasons, the main character of the story has no name, the author simply calls him "The Dreamer".

However, the genre “White Nights” is certainly not sentimentalism in its purest form, rather “sentimental naturalism”, because both the place and the characters are quite real, moreover, deeply social and belong to the category of “little people” praised by Dostoevsky. But in the story "White Nights" there are traces of utopianism, because the heroes were too pure, too sterile, honest in their feelings.

The epigraph to the story was the poems of I. Turgenev "Flower", whose lyric hero picks a flower, peacefully growing in the shade of trees, and pins it to his buttonhole. Turgenev argues: beautiful flowers do not grow for momentary pleasure (read - people live), but a person takes them with an imperious hand, picks them off and condemns them to a quick death (read - seduces, first loves and exalts, then leaves). Dostoevsky somewhat alters Turgenev's statement, making a question out of it: « …Or was it created in order to be at least for a moment, in the neighborhood of your heart? "That is, Dostoevsky comes to the conclusion that sometimes to touch love, to walk along the edge of unfulfilled happiness - this is the whole life, you can devote yourself to this only memory, as the Dreamer does.

Compositionally, the story consists of 5 chapters, 4 chapters are devoted to nights in St. Petersburg, the last one is called "Morning". The construction is symbolic: romantic nights are the stages of the successive love of the main character with the main character, the stages of his development, and in the end he, morally perfect, stands on the threshold of his morning - epiphany. He found love, but unrequited, therefore, in the morning of his epiphany, he surrenders his love to another, gets rid of dreams and, experiencing a real feeling, does a real act.

Morning simultaneously dispels empty hopes and breaks off a series of wonderful meetings, it becomes the beginning and end of the hero's drama.

The plot of the story

The plot of the story: the young man, on whose behalf the story is being told, arrived in St. Petersburg 8 years ago. He works, and in his free time he looks at cityscapes and dreams. Once he saves a girl on the embankment, who is being pursued by a drunk. The girl tells the Dreamer that she is waiting on the embankment for her lover, who was going to come for her exactly a year ago, making an appointment for these days. The girl waits for him for several days, but he does not come, and despair begins to seize her. The dreamer communicates with Nastenka, takes upon himself the transfer of the letter to her beloved, and he falls in love with the girl. Nastenka also falls in love, and they are even going to get married, when suddenly the former lover appears again and takes Nastenka away. A cold, dank St. Petersburg morning comes, the Dreamer feels sobering and devastation.

main characters

The protagonist of the story is the Dreamer - the author's favorite image of a lonely man, completely isolated from the outside world and living in a closed circle of his dreams.

Dreamer is a 26-year-old resident of St. Petersburg. He is educated, but poor, has certain prospects, but has no worldly desires. He serves somewhere, but does not converge with colleagues and other people around him - for example, women. He is not interested in either the everyday side of life, or money, or girls, he is constantly immersed in ghostly romantic dreams and, during periods of contact with the world around him, experiences a painful feeling of alienation to this world. He compares himself to a dirty kitten, not needed by anyone in the world and experiencing reciprocal resentment and enmity. However, he would not be irresponsible if they needed him - after all, people are not disgusting to him, he would be ready to help someone, capable of empathy.

The dreamer is a typical “little man” (social status, inability to act, immobility, imperceptibility of existence) and “superfluous person” (he feels himself as such, despising only himself for his uselessness).

The main character, a 17-year-old girl Nastenka, is opposed to the Dreamer as an active, acting character. Despite the external fragility and naivety and young age, she is stronger than the Dreamer in her search for happiness. The writer uses many words with diminutive-affectionate suffixes - "eyes", "hands", "sweetheart", emphasizing the childishness and immediacy of the image, its playfulness, restlessness, like a child's. By his habits, a child is a real woman in his heart: he skillfully uses the help of an adult man, but at the same time, clearly recognizing his sensitive and indecisive nature, he stubbornly does not notice his feelings. At a critical moment, however, when it becomes clear that her beloved has abandoned her, she quickly finds her bearings and finally notices these very feelings. At the moment of the appearance of a potential husband, he again looks at the feelings of the Dreamer as friendly participation. However, should the girl be blamed for her fickleness? In the end, she truly waited for her main happiness for a whole year, and there is no insincerity in the fact that she almost went over to the Dreamer - the life of a lonely fragile girl in big and hostile Petersburg is not easy and dangerous, she needs support and support.

Nastenka writes a letter to the Dreamer in which she thanks him for participating in her story. Having received the letter, the Dreamer does not feel sad - he sincerely wishes the girl happiness and, repeating the idea of \u200b\u200bthe epigraph, says that a whole minute of bliss with Nastya is enough for a whole human life.

Dostoevsky's contemporaries saw in the story French utopian ideas, which they were all fascinated with. The main thesis of the utopians of the 1840s was the desire for silent feat, sacrifice, and renunciation of love in favor of other people. Dostoevsky was deeply devoted to these ideas, which is why the type of love he describes is so ideal.

Preview:

Municipal educational institution

"Volga City Lyceum" of the Republic of Mari El

Lesson summary on the topic:

"Is the Dreamer Happy?"

(based on the novel "White Nights" by F.M. Dostoevsky, 9th grade)

volzhsk

2011 r.

Lesson objectives:

Educational: develop text analysis skills

Developing: develop emotional memory, attention, active, creative, associative thinking, oral speech, the ability to analyze, compare, draw conclusions.

Educating: to foster love for the Russian language, respect for the word; conscientiousness, curiosity, the ability to see, hear, appreciate the beauty in the world around.

Equipment:

• Kuindzhi's painting "Moonlit Night";
• Drawings by M. Dobuzhinsky for the story by F.M. Dostoevsky's White Nights;
• Portrait of F.M. Dostoevsky
• Slow instrumental music recording;
• Magnetic board (printed on sheets of statements about F.M.Dostoevsky, aphorisms of the writer, etc.)

During the classes.

Introductory speech of the teacher.

Guys, hello, sit down. Please look at each other. Noticing anything new? We are so accustomed to each other, to the image created by our stereotypes, that we probably never thought about the fact that every person is a secret, a riddle. And today the great Russian writer F.M. Dostoevsky. This is a truly brilliant writer. Suffice it to say that his novel "Crime and Punishment" is the very first in the cycle10 great novels of the 20th century, prepared by experts at Oxford.

1848 year. Dostoevsky is 26 years old. He seemed to himself already a deep old man who had seen everything and experienced everything: the death of his family, and unrequited, unspoken love (for A. Ya. Panaeva), and the game of inexplicable fate, and the burden of short-term fame of a genius (Dostoevsky's first story "Poor People" was very favorably received by criticism), wounded by the ridicule of people, and, finally, despair of loneliness, a feeling of terrible emptiness from misunderstanding. (The "Double" is ridiculed, the "Mistress" is mocked), and there is nothing ahead and why write, and live for what? Well, at this time next to you is the same as you, a dreamer, friend poet Alexei Pleshcheev.

And the nights were wonderful ... The famous St. Petersburg white nights ... The peculiarity of northern summer - the white night has attracted the attention of writers and poets more than once. Let's try and we will feel the beauty of the white nights….

2) Poetic "five minutes"(Students, while recording instrumental music, read poems by Russian poets about the White Nights) (see appendix).

3) Continuation of the teacher's words.

In 1848, the most poetic and lyrical of the works of F.M. Dostoevsky's "White Nights". Guys, let's write in a notebook:

F.M. Dostoevsky (1821 - 1881)

Sentimental romance. From the memories of a dreamer.

A short story and such an unusual name. This is probably no coincidence. Literary critic J. Mann defined 7 words of the title as seven keys to the "artistic secret" of the story kept behind seven locks. We will begin our work on the work of F.M. Dostoevsky.

The writer defined the genre of his work asnovel ... The fact is that in the 40s of the 19th century. novel like literary genre meant, first of all, the invention of the personal life of ordinary people. No wonder the second meaning of the word novel is a love story.

Let's not forget the word "sentimental". What does it mean?

Student answer. Sentimental (from the French Sentiment - feeling), that is, directed to the image of the life of the heart in its subtlest manifestations. So, in the work, it will be important not what happens to the characters, but what they will feel, experience, how they will perceive what is happening.

Dostoevsky called his work "White Nights"What do you think hides this name? The name combines romantic symbolism (night is the time of dreams, the time of poetry) with an exact indication of the Petersburg origin of the heroes and the Petersburg character of history. And if you translate the title of the story into French, then it acquires an additional meaning - "sleepless nights". It is not easy to fall asleep on such nights, it seems that something should happen.

4) Chatting with the class about the teacher.

• From the memories of the Dreamer. Guys, from what person is the story. Why?

(Such a narration sounds like a confession, a spiritual confession).

• Does the main character have a name?

(No, He is simply named - Dreamer)

The image of the Dreamer is one of the central ones in the work of the young Dostoevsky. And later, in the 70s, Dostoevsky was going to write a big novel called The Dreamer. This theme worried Dostoevsky all his life. The image of the Dreamer in White Nights is autobiographical: the writer himself is behind him.

• Guys, who isDreamer ? Is a dreamer good or bad? (guys answers).

Guys, the famous critic Belinsky gave his own interpretation of the image of the Dreamer.

(Speech with Belinsky's message about the Dreamer).

So, according to Belinsky, daydreaming has gone and cloying. Dostoevsky himself was ambivalent about his hero

(performance with Dostoevsky's opinion).

Teacher ... So, on the one hand, FM Dostoevsky asserts that a ghostly life is a sin, since it leads away from real reality.

But on the other side?

• Guys, what about the other side?

Write down the problematic question of our lesson in a notebook.?

(D / s: Write an essay - reasoning on this topic). (We post it on the magnetic board under the problematic question)

Is a man a happy dreamer

Guys, everyone understands the wordhappiness in its own way, but there is something in common that unites, it seems to me, the opinions of all people. Let's turn to the sensibleozhegov's dictionary : (written on the board)

Happiness - 1) feeling and state of complete and highest satisfaction;
2) Success and luck.

Happiness - first of all, a sense of harmony, agreement with oneself.

Tell us what state of mind does Dostoevsky point to at the very beginning?

(answers: Loneliness)

Definitely a dreamerLonely ... Guys, can loneliness be considered a stateHappy man? (No) (the answer is posted on the board). Endlessly lonely, embarrassed when he has to talk to people, the hero of the story is endowed with the ability to subtly feel the beauty and poetry of the unremarkable corners of the city.

Guys, how does a dreamer perceive the city?

(answers : He perceives the city poetically. Each building is a living being for him).

But most of all, the Dreamer remembered the story of One House. Let's read a passage. (Reading a passage (by heart) expressively see the appendix)

Guys, let's turn to the skill of Dostoevsky as an artist. What colors does the author use in the passage? (pink ? Why?) "Help, the house is painted yellow!" Guys, which of you doesn't likeyellow ? Is there a word in the passage that could be put on a par with this word? (Bile).

Guys, literary critic V. Kozhinov noticed (with V. Kozhinov's opinion speaksschoolgirl )

V. Kozhinov noticed that during Dostoevsky's life yellow and bilious were written throughabout .

“This spelling is somehow rougher and more expressive. It would be worthwhile to restore this outline now: it would emphasize the special meaning that Dostoevsky put into this word. "

What significance did Dostoevsky put in?

In Ozhegov's dictionary the meaning of the wordbilious - irritable, angry.

The Heart of the Dreamer does not accept anything bilious, evil, or ugly.

Is the Dreamer comfortable in his solitude? (The dreamer is lonely, but his soul is drawn to people).

Hero like all Dreamers, dreams ofLove.

One day Fate sent himmeeting.

Walking a sleepless night along the embankment of the Catherine Canal, the Dreamer metgirl ... Let's read a description of her appearance (reading an excerpt).

Guys, what's alarming you about this passage, what seemsillogical?

(Answer: The girl was wearing a cute yellow hat).

Why do you think the bilious yellow color appears in the vicinity of the word "cute "? (guys answer).

What was the mood of the Dreamer the night he met Nastenka? (Good, funny).

Why?

The dreamer is intoxicated by the beauty of the Petersburg summer night. Succumbing to her charm, the hero and the world around him perceives poetically. He feels harmony in everything, his mood is joyful, at such a moment he is not annoyed even by the unloved yellow color.

Does the hero know how to perceive and feel the beauty of the surrounding world? (Yes).

Is the ability to feel beauty a gift from a happy or unhappy person?

(Happy. (We attach a sheet with the desired answer to the board)).

The hero begins to meet with Nastenka.

Did the hero love anyone before her?(dream, ideal).

What attracted the hero to Nastenka?(that she is not the Mistress).

Guys, how do you understand the meaning of the wordNot the mistress? (answer).

The hero intuitively felt in Nastenka a dreaminess, purity, naivety.

He realized that love for Nastenka would save him from fruitless dreams and quench his thirst for real life.

At one of the meetings, Nastenka asked the Dreamer to tell her her story.

What did the Dreamer answer? (I have no history).

Tell us briefly about the life of the Dreamer(answers).

What does the hero dream about?

What word can describe the existence of the Dreamer? (Unsettled life).

What do you think doesunsettled life A dreamer a happy person? (No).

(We attach a sheet to the board: "unsettled life").

What is Nastenka's story? What brings her closer to the Dreamer? (Loneliness, reading circle, dreams).

What is Nastenka dreaming about? (answers).

At one of the meetings, Nastenka told the Dreamer that she loved another.

How did the hero react to this message? (answer).

Do you think the Dreamer loved Nastenka? Confirm with examples from the text. (Loved, when you love - you wish the person well).

Guys, one of my favorite poetesses, Veronica Tushnova, has the following lines:

I smile and my heart is crying

On lonely evenings

I love you, it means -

I wish you well.

Which of the Russian poets do we meet similar attitude to love? (A. Pushkin "I loved you").

The hero of "White Nights" is not aware of selfish motives. He is ready to sacrifice everything for another and seeks to arrange Nastenka's happiness for a moment without thinking that Nastenka's love for him is the only thing he can get from life: This feeling is disinterested, trusting and as pure as the white nights.

How did the love story of Nastenka and the Dreamer end?

Nastenka wrote to the hero a letter that she was marrying another. Let us turn to the skill of Dostoevsky as a psychologist. See how it changes state of mind the hero after reading the letter (expressive reading).

What is the name of the technique used by Dostoevsky in the phraseyoung old woman ... What is it for? (answers).

So the hero experienced unrequited love

Is he happy? The answer is posted on the board. (No). Having experienced unhappy love, the hero again returns to his terrible state -Loneliness.

So is the dreamer a happy person?

(Answers. Working with those signs that are posted on the magnetic board).

Yes, at first glance, the Dreamer seems to us to be a deeply unhappy person. However, there is no hopeless tragedy here. Let's read the last lines of the work: (reading).

"A whole minute of bliss, isn't that enough for at least a whole human life?"

A dreamer knows how to appreciate every moment of life, every minute of happiness! (the last sheet is hung on the board). And with gratitude perceives life asGod's gift ... And this is not given to everyone.

Happiness, according to Dostoevsky, is not a life's luck, but a simple, sincere manifestation of life, even sad or tragic - that is Dostoevsky's thought. Guys, learn to see the beauty around, appreciate happy moments, and then Dostoevsky's well-known phrase “Beauty will save the world” acquires, in my opinion, an additional meaning: The ability to see and hear this beauty will make humanity kinder, happier, more humane. I want to finish the lesson with IA Bunin's poem "Evening". (reading).

"A person is unhappy because he does not know that he is happy"

(F. M. Dostoevsky).

Application .

On the magnetic board at the end of the lesson, a diagram is obtained.

Poems about the White Nights.

(“Poetic five minutes).

Azure vault

In the mirror of waters

Shines, admiring its beauty:

Barely - barely

The Neva is rustling,

In the granite shores, worrying….

(A. Komarov "Night").

*****

Breathes with happiness

Voluptuousness

Delightful night

The night is dumb

Blue

Sky's northern daughter.

……………..

Shine with sapphire freshness

Sky, air and Neva

And bathing in peaceful moisture

The islands turn green

(P. Vyazemsky "Petersburg Night").

******

The city sleeps, shrouded in darkness

Lights flicker a little ...

There, far beyond the Neva,

I see the reflection of the dawn

In this distant reflection

In these flashes of fire

Awakening lurked

Dreary days for me ...

(A. Blok)

*****

On a white night the month is red

Floats up in the blue

Wanders ghostly beautiful

Reflected in the Neva.

I see and dream

Execution of secret thoughts.

Is there good in you,

Red moon, quiet noise? ...

(A. Blok)

The leaves are hung on the board throughout the lesson, on the left side - signs of a happy person, on the right - unhappy. The results are compared at the end of the lesson.

The image of the dreamer in the story White Nights, it is believed that this is Dostoevsky himself.

"White Nights" is the most sentimental work of Fyodor Dostoevsky.

Its main character is an unnamed Dreamer, a sad and lonely man. One day he meets a girl Nastasya, whom he falls in love with and who, it seems, will change his life for the better.

Nastasya, simple-minded and also lonely, tells him her sad story - how she lives with her grandmother, who does not let her go far from her and pins her with a pin to her dress so that she does not run away; how she fell in love with a visiting guest who promised her to pick her up from her gloomy grandmother's house in a year; how she waited for him all the agreed time, but he did not appear, although he came to the city.

Nastenka decides to leave with the Dreamer, as she already sees in him her savior and soul mate. However, suddenly she meets that lover and runs away to him, leaving the Dreamer. He is lonely again, although he forgives the girl.

Forever alive, forever alone

We can say that the real life of the Dreamer, bright and sensual, fit into these few nights, during which he met Nastenka; everything else is aimless wanderings in solitude. At the same time, the dreamer is a rather symbolic character: the reader knows nothing about his family, education, occupation. This was noted by the first critics of the story, considering it the main weak point of the work.

Nevertheless, they pointed out that in the image of the Dreamer one can see the features of Ivan Petrovich - the hero of the future novel "The Humiliated and the Insulted". This was the opinion of Dobrolyubov, who generally assessed the story negatively. A dreamer, in his opinion, is an empty and insensitive person if he cannot defend the love of his life and yields to an unknown guest.

Other critics responded differently to the story:

• Apollon Grigoriev called her the best creation in the style of "sentimental naturalism", while the style itself was considered unviable;
• S. S. Dudyshkin called "White Nights" one of the best worksreleased in 1848; he also noted that it lacks those shortcomings for which Dostoevsky was often reproached;
• AV Druzhinin also highly appreciated the story, although he noted that it lacks details and a more complete disclosure of the characters.