Modern youth subcultures - benefit and harm. Modern youth subcultures - benefit and harm video about youth subcultures

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Youth subcultures of the 21st century Different with their originality and originality. The infinite many diverse flows was mainly formed at the expense of musical directions.

The subculture of the 21st century, however,, like any others, are designed to change the worldview of people, by improving their own "I". But each movement has its own "age". Already after several years, yesterday's "Buntari" become ordinary people, and a new generation is coming to replace them, seeking ideological concept.
Of course, each subculture is different in class affiliation, age and sex. Difference traits are determining factors that allocate priorities and demonstrating the similarities of all representatives of the movement. These include: clothing, style and specific symbols. Among the whole diversity, some youth movements protest protest to society, bear an extreme character, or on the contrary, they strive for alienation and closedness from the outside world. Several groups are distinguished in which subcultures are included, characterized by worldview and specific interest. Let's look at some of them.

Music subcultures

From the name of this group it becomes clear that it includes subcultures based on a variety of music styles.
- Fans, and. Clothing for motion representatives are not a determining factor. The main thing is numerous tattoos and piercing.
- Fans of Gothic Metal, Gothic Rock and Darkweave. Displaced elements - the predominance of black clothes, numerous silver jewelry and death symbols.
- Fans of varieties of heavy metal.
Rapers and Brey Dancers - Fans of hip-hop and rap. They are distinguished by clothing bright colors, slang and worldview.
Emo. - Fans of post-hardcore and emo. Black and rogo colors are dominated in clothing (bright shades are possible). Kosya bangs - the main attribute characterizing belonging to the movement.
Indie - Fans of the direction of indie rock.
- fans of the direction of punk rock. The distinguisure trait - supporters of the movement adhere to their own ideology, which consists in aggression to the external world and disregard for public norms.
Reverses - Fans of powerful dance music and night discos lovers. The main components are lightweight, carefree life and desire for fashion.
Rivelhead - Fans of industrial music.
- Fans. In fact, it is a kind of subculture that has many varieties and distinctive features.

Image subcultures

Based on the name, it is clear that subcultures included in it differ in the behavior and style of clothing.
. In fact, supporters of motion do not have a certain ideology, prefer electronic club music.
. "Dead" Soviet movement inspired by the Western way of life.
, Majers. The main component is the desire for life advertised in glamorous "male" and "female" magazines (chase of fashion, clothing and cosmetics).
Teddy-Boy. The subculture is based on the imitation of adolescents "Golden Youth".

Other subcultures

This group includes motions based on animation, games, cinema or literature.
Gamers - Fans of video games living in their virtual world and avoiding close real communication with others.
- Fans of Japanese animation (anime).
Furri. - Movement based on interest in animated or fabulous animals. Quite often, the fans are embodied in the costumes of anthropomorphic animals, and in this form appear before the public (ride on snowboards, motorcycles or arrange impredable views before the public).

More youth associations in the group, nothing more than, the implementation of needs, the formation of their own "I" and one of the means to exit internal activity, which is characteristic of not only adolescents. Perhaps that is why many Youth subcultures of the 21st century not only send, but also manage modern youth. This allows you to prevent cultural "stagnation" and develop at the proper level.

One of the first manifestations of a specific youth culture in the world was the movement of "Hipsters" (or "broken" generation) at the end of the 40-50s. XX century in the USA. From the point of view of prevalence as the lifestyle, bitterness was not particularly massive, but its historical importance for the development of youth subcultures in the USA and the rest of the world was that other leading subcultures were actually released (hippie, bikers, squatters, partly punks), Several decades identifying the life styles, fashion, music of young people not only in the United States, but also in a number of other countries, including in the USSR. The influence of hipsters was due to the fact that his leading ideologues were writers who received world fame - J. Keroac, W. Berrowz, A. Ginzberg, K. Kizi. It is also expressed in the fact that bitterness as a lifestyle and ideology followed a number of archetypes and motives, characteristic of the consciousness of youth - the cult of roads and wanders, nonconformism, etc.

From the point of view of income, public prestige, hipsters were at the social day, despite the fact that most of the Pitney representatives were immigrants from the middle class and, in principle, one way or another claimed some public recognition - first of all, in creativity. To varying degrees, their targeted rejection was playing.

The attitude of the hipsters to the generally accepted morality and the laws were more than critical. Despite the moral and legal norms, in particular, was expressed in spreading drug hipsters. The Second World War, returning from which many young Americans could not find themselves in life, and many did not want to look for them. The ideological and literary origins of the bitchief can be found in the literary works of the 1920s, the characters of which (especially by E. Remarka and E. Hemingway) were also distinguished by unconnect and lost.

By the end of the 40s. The formation of another subculture in the United States, subsequently spread throughout the world - bikers (or rockers). According to one of the versions, at the end of the 40s - early 50s, the pilots glorified during the war of the Squadron Agels "Angels" were demobilized as unnecessary. Accustomed to speed and freedom of flight, many of them found an alternative to the aircraft driving a motorcycle. At first they were going to small groups, traveled around the country, trying to find their place in a peaceful life. Many of them later deliced \u200b\u200bin small towns, opened their workshops on the repair of cars and motorcycles, tattooing salons or filed farmers and became respectable and law-abiding citizens. The same who did not suit the calm life, gathered in the "gang" of motorcyclists and went to search for adventures and some earnings 1 .

Unlike the Hipsters, the bikers did not have ideologues-intellectuals, and this subculture itself was connected to the massive consciousness of American society and the press is not so much with motorcycles as with the crime.

Uniform bikers were black leather jackets, leather vests, trousers, rude army boots or boots. Subsequently, the Biker fashion was reflected in the pancake style and metal-style style. Significantly rows of bikers in the United States were replenished after the war in Vietnam, when soldiers returned to the country, many of which, as well as after World War, no one was taken to the country. At the same time, a Nazi symbolism entered the attributes of bikers as a man's appearance and an appeal to cultural symbols rejected by the majority of society.

By the beginning of the 50s. The formation of the first mass youth subculture of Great Britain is the so-called "Teddy-Boys" or Teddiz ". In the war years, a social phenomenon appeared in England, called the term "teenagers". Provided for a long time, adolescents themselves unconsciously demanded a new relationship with themselves. The style of clothing "Teddy-Boiz" was a reaction to the conservative style established in British society after the war - long single-breasted jackets and narrow pants. Teddy-Boys complemented them by the elements of the "cowboy" style. The main thing is that they wanted to show their external species - hyperbolized masculinity and sexuality. In addition to clothes, Teddy-Boys was distinguished by aggressiveness and hooliganism. Their musical tastes took shape with the arrival in the mid-50s. In the Britain of the American rock and roll.

British motorcycle subculture appeared slightly later than in the United States. First of all, it was associated with the issuance of gasoline on the coupons, which was canceled only in 1950. A few years later, a youth subculture appeared in England, guided by the rule: "Live on a full coil, dying young." They were called "Cafe Cowboys" or the Slang expression Ton-Up (there were those who constantly exceed the speed on the motorcycles). The word "biker" in England was less common. Groups of such young people were going, as a rule, small roadside cafes. Gradually, they had their own geography of emerged places, and strangers did not have the right to enter their territory. The motorcycle was the main object of adoration, his right to "steepness" could be proved only in improvised races. This sobculture also laid the style that later lay down the basis of rock and roll British image.

If the appearance of "Teddy-Boys" in the post-war Great Britain was largely due to the crisis of the socialization of adolescents from the poor families, without the supervision of parents and granted to themselves, then in the 50s. England experienced an economic boom. Young people have pocket money, the entertainment industry began to develop in the country. The subculture of "mods" (mods) was aimed at stylish in appearance (narrow collar shirts, fitted babes in a sideline suites, bent white socks and neat hairstyles). Moreover, the appearance was determined not only by the material possibilities, there was a mass of the subtleties that prescribe that it was possible, and what could not be (for example, such a rigor - with a certain width of the trousers, the distance between them and shoes should be half a do, and with a little greater width - already a whole inch ).

From the mid-1960s. The subculture of mods began to lose homogeneity and fall apart on individual groups (among which were the so-called hard fashion, which were subsequently transformed into skinheads) 1 .

However, the authentic boom of youth subcultures began not in the UK, but in the United States in the mid-1960s. It happened for several reasons:

First, the United States after World War II experienced a demographic boom. It was associated with the growth of the welfare of Americans. From 1948 to 1953 The number of newborns in the United States has grown by almost 50%. And by 1964, 17-year-old became the most numerous demographic group of the population. Such a situation was maintained until 1971. Accordingly, the number of universities and institutions has doubled, and the number of students reached 5 million people 1 ;

Secondly, the American society experienced the stage of transition to "consumer society" with specific values \u200b\u200bof hedonism, receiving pleasure from life, etc. The age of entry into adulthood increased. To young people, much softer requirements were made by society;

Thirdly, the masses of adheating young people simply could not find applications due to the limited labor market, production, despite his growth;

Fourth, the beginning of the mass production of contraceptive pills in the United States laid the beginning of the sexual revolution and strengthened hedonistic trends in the mass consciousness;

Fifth, the miscalculations in the internal and foreign policy of the United States (Vietnamese War, etc.) served as the basis for the protest wave, in which young people played the main role;

Sixth, in the US, a powerful middle class was formed. And for the children of the "middle" Americans who, unlike their parents, was not necessary to fight for survival, the post -material values \u200b\u200bwere very important - self-expression, creativity, pleasure from life, etc. acquired.

One of the most influential youth movements of the 1960s. In the United States and all over the world, hippies that joined the rebellion against the system with caring from it, with the creation of their own world, parallel to the existing one. The Evolution of Rock and Roll was played a huge role in the formation of the Schpie subculture, which for the second half of the 1960s. Of the dance music and in part, the means of protest turned into a kind of philosophy. This was especially characteristic of psychedelic and California rock ("Doors", "Jefferson Airplane", "Grateful Dead" and others).

There are several versions of the origin of the word "hippie". According to one of them, it comes from the Zaga word "Hep" - touched. On the other, on the Negro slang, the word "hippie" means "knowledgeable, who knows the essence of things," 2. Third - the word "hippie" - from "HIP" - abbreviated "Hipochondria" - Hypochondria - oppressed state 3. Most likely, the first option is faithful - the Word, Bashed in turnover by journalists, as Hippie was not called themselves and did not love this word itself. Hippie themselves preferred the name "Freaks" - Cranks.

The basis of the ideology of Hippi was a preaching of love and non-violence, complete denial of wars and pacifism. Love in the understanding of Hippie was a means to overcome the disunity between people, to create a global fraternity. In many ways, the ideology of love was borrowed Hippie in Hinduism and Buddhism, which began to actively penetrate in the 1960s. USA and Europe.

Love philosophy organically combined with sexual freedom and liberty. At the level of behavioral practices, the preaching of the need for love was reduced to freedom from sexual restrictions, which a lot of drugs contributed.

Faced with the reluctance of society to alterate according to their standards, hippie began to go to the launction of nature and create their communes, free from the mains of society. In the communes, many of them began to cultivate land, eat and dress up their own labor.

The symbol of their "accessories" to nature was long hair, mint ribbon clothing made of natural fabric, embroidered with flowers, often - bare feet.

From the beginning of the 1970s. In the US, hippie movement went to a decrease. The beginning of the economic crisis has undermined the possibility of most young people to exist without parents. The influx of "new blood" in the hippian communes dried. Old hippie after long-term drug practices degraded. Hippie's communes became criminalized, a little bit left for fraternal love. Many of the hippies left the communes, threw drugs, married and began to work. A selective study conducted by the Institute of Wright in Berkeley together with the National Institute of Psychological Diseases in Washington showed that 40% of Hippie returned to ordinary life, 30% retained their status "dropped out", mostly were incurable drug addicts, and 30% were an intermediate group - preserved the ideas and values \u200b\u200bof hippies, as a rule, did not have a permanent earnings, but were moderate in drug use and not rushed into risky experiments on themselves 1 .

Significant events, in a large extent contributing to the decline in Hippie's movement and to an even greater degree of psychedelic subculture, there was a series of deaths of famous rock musicians at the turn of the 1960s and 70s. - J. Morrison, J. Joplin and J. Hendricks. They all died from drugs very young.

The second wave of Hippy movement was formed in the early 1980s. And by the end of the 80s it stopped. But in the mid-1990s. Suddenly announced the third wave of hippies.

The next subculture involved in its orbit the mass of young people and actually replaced the degree of influence on the youth culture as a whole hippie, became punk.

Punk culture originated in the mid-1970s. In the UK and the USA. Social factors that caused punk to life was a paradoxical combination of crisis phenomena in the economy contributing to unemployment, and the social policy of the state paying the benefits to which the unemployed could live. Naturally, crisis phenomena primarily touched the youth, and young people belonging to the middle class. She became a social database of punk. Socio-cultural factors contributing to the occurrence of punk culture was the crisis and commercialization of rock music.

The ideology of Pankov was the philosophy of "lost generation": it is impossible to change the world for the better, life has lost its meaning, there is no future. Therefore, we want to all and on yourself, do what I want now. Panca hooligani on the streets and in cinemas, defiantly kept in relation to the police and lasted passersby. So they expressed their protest peace. The word Punk itself means garbage.

The main goal of Pankov is to shock society - achieved by means of an aroused lifestyle and the corresponding image. The thesis of the "Future No" found an expression in self-destructive behavior - the use of a large amount of alcohol and drugs. The appearance of Pankov also had to scare away the townspeople.

In fact, at the same time, that both punk, except, a little earlier - in the early 1970s. In the world, another subculture will be spread - rastamans, rastafari or simply "rasta". Rastafari was a religious sect that emerged in the early 1930s. on Jamaica. Her founder was the Christian preacher Marcus Garvey, who spoken for Christ-blacks. The main provisions of Rastafari formulated Leonard Howell (subsequently fell into a madhouse). Among them were: Smoking Marijuana (Ganja) - "Herbs of Wisdom" - to get rid of consciousness from Western Rationalism and deep penetration into the mystical essence of things and events, the observance of a number of prohibitions - there is no pork, mollusks, fish without scales, do not smoke tobacco and not Drink Rum and Wine (later this ban began to explain that soon the brethren will drink palm wine in Africa), do not drink salt, vinegar, cow's milk, do not play gambling. Since God created a man in his image and likeness, then any distortion of the divine appearance, including haircut and shave - sin. Rastamans began to wear long hair forming curls - the so-called "dy". Rastamans studied the history and culture of Africa, cultivated the African cuisine and others. 1

In the 1960s Rastafari became very popular among Colored Youth of Great Britain, USA and Canada due to mass emigration from Jamaica, and in the 1970s again thanks to the music (the style "reggae", especially in the execution of Bob Marley) became youth fashion that covered white youth. To some extent, Rasta took the hippie. They have a lot of common in them. As for hippies, the world around the world is "Babylon, who should fall," and the rastamans themselves are the community of "Favorites".

Skinhead movements also originated in the late 1960s. By the way, until the end of the 1970s. There was nothing Nazi in their ideology. The first skinheads (or hard-fashion) were out of unsecured British families, whose favorite entertainment were hiking for football matches and subsequent skins with fans of other teams. Neo-Nazi wave began to appear in the subculture of skinheads since the late 1970s (the so-called "bonheads"). But no less influential was the movement of "Red Skinheads". Originally, the ideology of skinheads expressed a protest against capitalism, operation, etc. The popular among them was a tattoo with a crucified Christ and interpretation "crucified capitalism." Fashion Skinheads also changed over the years. The classic clothing of the first skinheads were steel shoes, suspenders (mandatory attribute), jeans. Subsequently spread leather jackets. The use of strong drinks was not welcomed. "Branded" drink was beer.

If the social base of the first wave of skinheads of the late 60s - early 70s was a working environment, the unemployed, an anchlass prevailed in the second wave 1 .

By the 60th year. The XX century also includes the formation of a subculture, which by the 1990s. Ensures a huge amount of youth in a variety of countries. We are talking about the subculture of hackers 2 . Oddly enough, it originated in those years when personal computers were not in risen. The emergence and development of the movement of "hackers" is obliged to students of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of the best technical universities in the United States. From the mid-50s, students of the graduation rate on the "Fool's Day" (April 1) were to joke originally. According to the tradition of the student of this university, the best and original joke was the installation of one large and cumbersome subject at the dome of the main educational building. The cabinets were installed there, and the piano, once there was a police car. Such an extraordinary joke was called "Hack" (Eng. Hack has several values, including: to make an ax furniture; hoe, klyach; non-standard action; creative overcoming restrictions; the original course in programming or using software, as a result of which the computer allowed operations previously not provided or considered impossible). Most often, this term was used in the Laboratory of Model Railroad Club (Tech Model Railroad Club) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and meant "parsing to the screw" of electric trains, paths and arrows, to search for a new way to speed up the movement of trains. The concept of "hacker", in the original meaning, is someone using its ingenuity to achieve a compact and original solution called in a technical understanding.

In the 1970s, the development of telephone networks gave rise to the first specialization in the subculture of "Hackers". Hackers who specialize in the work of voice networks (telephone networks, communication equipment for voice transmission) became known as "fritters". Telephone hackers (fritters) were engaged in hacking regional and international networks, resulting in the possibility, call for free.

In the early 80s, the activities of telephone fritters began to shift towards computer equipment, the first e-announcements boards appeared, which were abbreviated called "BBS". Sherwood Forest and Catch-22 e-mail boards were predecessors of Usenet and email newsgroups. They became the place of meetings of fries and hackers who exchanged news there, sold to each other valuable advice, and traded stolen passwords and credit card numbers.

The group of hackers began to form. One of the first to become "Legion of Doom" in the US and "Chaos Comriver Club" in Germany. Their activity did not remain unnoticed by society, and in 1983 the first feature film about Hackers came out. The film "Military Games" talks about a teenager who plays Matthew Broderick. He is trying to hack the computer of the video game manufacturer, but instead penetrates the main military computer, imitating a nuclear war. Part of the youth picked up an artistic image as opposed to the society of adults and turned his eyes (and "wallet") on the rapidly developing industry of information technology. There were hundreds of amateur adolescents who tried to become "hackers", to embody the first image of the "Hero-Buntar" created by Hollywood. In 1984, the first printed publications appeared. The first hacker magazine "2600" began to go out.

The hacker movement of the beginning and mid-1980s XX century. It has passed from an innovative study to an unauthorized invasion of other people's systems, an increase in aggressiveness, the use of knowledge for protest (against adult society), deletion or change of important data, distribution of computer viruses, etc.

With the beginning of the rapid development of the Internet, after the introduction of the new browser "NetScaRe Navigator" (1994), the appearance of which has noticeably simplified access to information posted on the Internet, hackers very quickly moved to a new environment, moved their conferences and programs from old BBS electronic boards on new Internet sites. After the information and easy-to-use tools have become available to each visitor to the network, the hacker community began to change. The movement becomes more massive, and the score has already been for dozens and hundreds of thousands of converts adherents.

In the late 80s and during the 90s of the XX century. The hacker movement has become a powerful force capable of destabilizing public structures, becomes one of the main objects of study by government agencies and international human rights organizations.

In the 1990s. A new image of a hacker subculture is formed, for which the most characteristic of a pronounced interest in the innovations of computer equipment, communication devices and software. A distinctive feature of hackers of this period becomes the ideological rationale for hacking computer systems.

The end of the 90s of the XX century. and the beginning of the XXI century. - This is the stage of institutionalization of hackers: the creation of major associations, unions, firms that work closely with criminal and shadow structures, active propaganda of the values \u200b\u200band principles of a hacker subculture through the media.

The distinctive features of the subculture of hackers are:

Explicit priority of virtual communication;

Strict adherence to the principle of anonymity and the use of aliases;

The cult of freedom of access to information;

Specific vocabulary related to computer technology;

A number of psychological characteristics are usually individualistic installations, overestimated self-esteem.

In the movement of hackers, the overwhelming majority make up men.

The variety of activities of hackers, their specialization allows you to allocate the following groups of hackers:

Software hackers that grab the software;

Network hackers working with the Internet;

- "Postalons" -Hackers responsible for transportation (travel on the network) and packaging (breakdown, conversion) of the program code, so that law enforcement agencies and special services could not determine the "performers" of the order in case of finding someone from the hacker group of stolen information ;

- "virus writers" responsible for writing viruses intended for certain purposes;

- "recruiters" responsible for psychological pressure ("Consciousness") at third parties through the methods of economic espionage, to obtain the necessary information (passwords, technical features, support from the inside of the organization, etc.).

So, the boom of youth subcultures of Europe and America fell on the 50-60s. XX century. It was associated with a number of demographic, economic, political and actually sociocultural factors. The development and diversity of subcultures indicate the formation of the subjectivity of young people in general and its individual groups, its clearer self-identification, positioning of their own interests and priorities - especially in the spheres of self-expression and leisure. To a certain degree, recognition for the youth society of specific interests and rights to free self-expression contributed to a decrease in the intensity of the "conflict of generations", which, by and large, and marked the desire of a significant part of young people to positioning their own "features".

Prerequisites for the emergence of subcultures of the 21st century

Many remember the existence of such subcultures as Goths, Emo, Panca - many also tried themselves in this element, were not only active participants in subcultures, but also their organizers. The main purpose of the subculture is to declare themselves, show his differences from traditional culture, the desire to offer completely new values \u200b\u200bthat will be completely different from the generally accepted and obsolete.

But subcultural flows are not in place: those informal associations that have once become popular today are departed into the background. They replaced completely new, which set the tone to all of the generation of 2010. A little about the history: most of youth subcultures arose after World War II. Then they existed not in the form in which now (if, of course, we experienced such a huge period of time). It was after the Second World War that adolescents began to acquire money, they had opportunities to implement their internal potential, access to mass production products.

In the 50s and 60s, a real boom occurred in the informal sphere. Many of the subcultures in one form or another exist to this day (for example, the subculture of bikers or hippie). But everything changed when the Internet appeared in the life of teenagers. If earlier the real rockers were rockers regardless of circumstances, now this subculture in a sense has become a mask, which you can or remove, or to wear, if it is convenient to the person himself. So, in the family of a family, a person may be alone, to discuss some interests and things, and in the circle of his friends he is a real rocker, discusses the subculture subcultures, puts on characteristic clothes, uses accessories.

Note 1.

Now, in contrast to the fact that it was 50-60 years ago, fragmentary entry into the subculture is the norm. A person can simply share interests, but also belong to a number of other subcultures. He is also sincerely interested in writers, various musical performers - from classics to rock and metal. But once it was practically unabled to and condemned, because to be a member of the subculture - it means completely to give it, without sharing the interests of other informal associations.

In addition, the Internet blurs the age borders. Previously, subcultures and their interests were mostly susceptible to teenagers, but now even a small child has unlimited access to information about informal associations, and can, from an early age, identify itself with one or from several of them. Adults also do not limit themselves in choosing subcultures. Thus, the subculture includes not only the faces of adolescence, but also children, and very mature people. One family may have representatives of several opposite informal associations.

Modern subcultures of the 21st century: characteristics

New subcultures that occurred in the 21st century, they absolutely do not correspond to the collection of signs that defined subcultures several decades ago. Some researchers even argue that they cannot be called true subcultures, and give them the name of "cultural mixes". But, nevertheless, emphasis should be focused on some modern subcultures and to understand their essence:

"Vanillas" - this subculture is quite specific. Appeared in the 2010s and spread mainly among the girls of adolescence. The name happened, according to researchers, from the fact that girls love the clothes of "vanilla" shades. The worldview of this subculture comes down to three key ideas: underlined femininity and weakness, love for depressiveness and hidden tragedy, which is expressed in their attitude to everything that happens. The third feature is a special style in clothes (prints with the British flag, big glasses, a non-acceptable beam). Today, "Vanilla" is rather negative meaning and means something very pronounced and too gentle;
"Tambler-Gerl" - in other words of web punk. Also susceptible to the Girls who received such a name because they copy the style that is distributed on the well-known Tumblr website. Characteristic features - black crosses on the background of space, thin black collars (chokers), shoes on a very high flat sole, short skirts, hats with wide fields. The subculture is supported by a mass producer - clothing and accessories Tambler-Gerl can be found in special thematic online stores. Unlike vanillavek, for Tambler-Gerl, depression is a common state, because in the world everyone can hurt the girl. Above depression can also be joking to defeat it;
Korean wave is another subculture, which mainly consists of fans of South Korean musical groups. The name "Korean wave" was invented at all in Korea, but in China. It was there that this wave rushed much earlier than in other countries. The popularity of Korean musical groups is higher, since they are numerous in composition (usually in a group can come from 5 to 10 participants!). There are very difficult relationships between the participants who are attaching to the views of the fan that is as if for a reality show, and not for the real life of the participants. Representatives of this subculture also use the word "Olzhan" to call models with big eyes, a small nose and lips. The fans of the Korean wave seek to achieve a doll appearance due to plastic surgery, as well as skillful makeup and, of course, Photoshop.

Thus, today most of the subcultures are mainly oriented not to ideology and philosophical ideas, but on the external component. In this, they are very different from subcultures, which existed earlier, where all the emphasis was made on the basic values \u200b\u200band norms. That is why today the subculture is made by the "cultural mixes", and the adherents are focused on them, they will suit it one or another or not, and not to promote any norms and ideas.

Many young people note that their inclusion in the subculture is manifested not only at the level of external attributes, but also in spiritual state. What are the famous subcultures exist?

Hippie is one of the most famous youth subcultures, whose history began in the United States in the distant in 1960s. The flourishing of motion fell at the end of the 1960s - the beginning of the 1970s. Initially, hippie tried to protest against the Puritian morality of Protestantism, trying to attract people to nature, love, pacifism. In the XXI century of real hippies, it is almost impossible to find.

Grunge subculture has emerged thanks to a unique stylistic direction in rock music. At the same time, the peak of the heyday occurred at the end of the 1980s - mid-1990s. Motherland Grunge became the American city Seattle (Washington).

Representatives of this subculture are real admirers of the following musical groups:

Pearl Jam;
Alice in chains;
Nirvana;
SoundGarden.

These musical groups are the "Seattle Four", and they fulfill high-quality heavy music.

Emo subculture is the last new style that is reminiscent and Glam Rock. Girls and guys try to visually relate themselves with subculture. At the same time, the following elements become traditional style attributes:

hair that is perfted by the side;
shawls on the neck;
black eyeliner;
very narrow jeans.

Emo from the first minutes can be distinguished from the crowd, but it is extremely important to understand what is still moving them. In most cases, emo subculture representatives try to show their real attitude to the world, using various visual attributes and the original style in clothing, unusual dark makeup for this.

Punk

This youth subculture appeared in the mid-1970s. At the same time, it began its development at once in several countries:

Great Britain;
Australia;
United States of America;
Canada.

Panks are distinguished by the presence of a special opinion to society and politicians. At the same time, they received support from the American artist and producer Andy Warhol, who successfully interacted with Velvet Underground. The soloist of the group, Lou Reed, is the founder of an alternative rock, which is closely connected with Punk rock.

Chik is one of the most unusual styles that typing his development peak every few years. One of the most decent representatives are Johnny Depp, as well as Justin Timberlake. Both celebrities have a special style of clothing, which proves directly related to CHIK subculture: checkered pants, filled T-shirt, classic sneakers.

Chik.

The rocker subculture began to actively develop in the mid-60s. The peak fell at the end of the 60s - the beginning of the 70s. At that time, rockers were immigrants from working families, so they were an uneducated and problematic society. Recently, the image of rockers is perceived quite differently, attracting more and more positive attention.

The main differences between rocker clothes:

leather Jacket. In most cases, the jackets are decorated with icons and inscriptions;
big boots;
dressed jeans;
long hair. It is allowed to bless it.

The main attribute of rockers is a motorcycle that can also be decorated with various inscriptions and symbols. In most cases, the motorcycle is perceived as an attribute of freedom, power, desire for emotional heat.

Gansta Rap is a subculture that began its development in the late 1980s. The subculture is directly related to Hardcore Rap, which is a tough and noisy direction of rap. In many situations, the lyrics with 100% accuracy reflected reality, but sometimes they were exaggerated by comic versions. Hardcore Rap, despite its original execution, remained one of the most successful HIP-HOP directions.

Glam Rock is the romantic direction of the Rock subculture. The musical movement emerged in the UK in the early 1980s, which managed to have a serious influence on pop and rock scene of England. Glam Rock is a peculiar alternative to punk cultural, as it chased the glamorous side of life and left the social protest.

Maslenok is a process of culture of the British Teddy Boy. This subculture is primarily directly related to guys. In most cases, guys are dressed as follows:

narrow jeans;
T-T-shirts of dense materials;
hair that should be combed back.

In each case, the British Teddy Boy tries to fill his life with musical machines, automotive travel, cocktail bars.

Dandy Flapper is a subculture that prevailed in girls. Beautiful sexes tried to look accordingly:

red lipstick;
multicolored dresses;
outline hair;
hairstyles decorated with sparkles.

Dandy Flapper attracted men who were limited to a tweed costume and a kotelet.

Each subculture deserves special attention, because it reflects the characteristics of the cultural life of young people in a certain period of history.

Video: 10 most famous subcultures of young people

Sociological study "Features of the functioning of youth subcultures in Russia of the XXI century (on the example of Moscow)"

Relevance. Youth subcultures are not "absolutely new cultural models for Russia" Ionin L.G. Sociology of culture: the path in the new millennium. M., 2000. P. 238 .. They existed within the framework of Soviet culture. However, at that time, youth subcultures were perceived as "Social Pathology" Lukov V.A. Features of youth subcultures in Russia // Sociological studies. 2002. N ° 10. S. 79.: Youth associations were called informal, which determined their unofficial status, the few studies of youth subcultures were latent, and the manifestations of the subcultural activity of young people were suppressed.

The new perception of youth subcultures in the context of modern Russian society is associated with the revaluation of their essence. There is a transition from identifying youth subcultures with counterculture in Soviet times to understanding the youth subculture as a structural element of the culture of modern Russian society, which forms new life styles and stereotypes of the young generation of Russians. However, such an understanding of the essence of youth subcultures does not remove the problem of the significant growth of the countercultural unions of young people, some of which wearing frankly extremist character.

Such a state gives rise to the need for a deep analysis of the processes of development of culture as a whole and its youth segment, the direction and dynamics of its changes, the origins and factors for the emergence of new cultural forms. Meanwhile, from the point of view of the socioophilosophical substrate, the phenomenon of youth subcultures, with a rare exception, did not yet become the subject of a special, holistic study and is carried out sufficiently eclectic.

With these positions, the relevance of this study is that theoretical reflection of the problem of the functioning of youth subcultures, so necessary to optimize the socio-cultural policy, not only to ensure the integration of young people into the space of culture, but also creating the necessary cultural potential of the dynamic transformation of Russian society.

The study of development trends, the characteristic features of youth subcultures, as well as their places and roles in the sociocultural space of Russian society, will overcome the one-sided negative assessment of this phenomenon and will contribute to its perception in a large extent as a translator of the values \u200b\u200bof post-industrial society.

The object of the study is the youth subculture in modern Russia.

Subject of research Features of the functioning of youth subcultures in Moscow.

The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of the phenomenon of youth subculture, an analysis of the structure of the values \u200b\u200bof informal youth associations and identifying the trends in the functioning of youth subcultures in modern Russia (on the example of Moscow).

Research tasks:

1) reveal the reasons for creating informal youth associations;

2) to explore the level of awareness of respondents about informal youth subcultures;

3) to explore the structure of values \u200b\u200bof informal youth;

4) reveal the reasons for the entry of young people in youth informal associations;

5) to explore the opinion of respondents about promial and antisocial subcultures;

6) to explore the main trends in the functioning of modern youth subcultures;

7) determine the attitude of Muscovites to youth subcultures in general;

8) Determine the place and role of youth subcultures in modern society.

The initial hypothesis of the study is as follows: Currently, the transformation of youth subcultures takes place in Russia, the essence of which is to change the content, forms of manifestation, nature of activity, the development vector of the development of subcultural practices of the young generation of Russians. The boundaries of modern youth subcultures are transparent, fluid. The displacement of the boundaries between cultural and countercultural, social and asocial in youth subcultural practitioners determines the current sociocultural situation.

The main quantitative method is a survey (survey), qualitative - a method of visual sociology.

The survey method is widely used to study the sphere of public consciousness, so it must be used in the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of youth subcultures in modern Russia, since it provides information on the subjective representation of people about subculture, allows you to analyze the influence of subcultures on the formation of the personality of adolescents and their socialization, determine The main features and trends in the functioning of youth subcultures at the present stage of the development of society. In this case, a group survey method is most appropriate for practical application, as one of the most operational technical types of survey.

The purpose of the group survey: to obtain representative mass information that reflects the main features of the functioning of subcultures in Moscow, determine the degree of influence of the subculture on the socialization of young people and identify the factors affecting the role of subculture in modern society.

The method of visual sociology allows you to visually show the specifics, features and differences in youth subcultures (Appendix 2).

As a general aggregate, the total number of young people belonging to informal youth associations, between the ages of 14 and 25, residing in Moscow. The lower age border allows you to cut out young people of younger, as the main age of entry into the subculture is 14 years old. The age of 25 years is marked as the upper age boundary, as usual at this age or previously, young people cease to attribute themselves to representatives of youth subcultures.

As a selective aggregate, a group of persons, between the ages of 14 and 25, residing in Moscow, in the amount of 100 (hundred), the person selected by the method of the natural sample of the Snow Coma. Sampling for mass survey (survey) two-stage. At the first stage, it is stratification: among the entire population of Moscow, youth is chosen as a separate subgroup, according to the predetermined age and specific criteria. At the second stage, the sample is assumed quota. Quotas are compiled by the criteria of the floor and age.

Data collection by the questionnaire was carried out on the Internet, which was created by the webcam using Google Apps (SpreadSheets).

Questionnaire for a mass survey consists of three main blocks. The first block assessment of the level of information about the problem of youth subcultures at the present stage. The second block unit for analyzing the social expectations and value orientation of the individual. Estimates of the value of joining youth subculture, motivation. The third unit is the adaptation of informal in society, the influence of subcultures on the socialization of the person. Interaction with others. Trends in the functioning of subcultures today.

The study was attended by 49% of the respondents of men and 51% of women. (Fig.4)

Fig.4.

According to the age framework of respondents aged 1518, the largest number of 66% was also 27% of respondents aged 1925 and a very small percentage of 14 years 7%.

By the nature of the classes, the largest number of respondents turned out to be among students and students - 71%. Temporarily not working turned out to be 14%, specialists only 9% and very few workers 6%. (Fig. 5)

Fig.5.

The survey revealed a wide variety and latitude of the spectrum of existing youth subcultural flows. Youth subcultures and movements, more than two dozen answers were presented to the request to be called well-known respondents. Among the most famous subcultures, the first places occupy: "Emo" - they were called 64% of all respondents; In the second place "Goths" - 41%, the third place was divided by Panca (36%) and "Skinheads" (35%). Further, by fame, "Rockers" are 11%; "Bikers" - 10%; "Satanists" - 10%; "Reperas" - 9%; "Hippie" - 9%; "Gopnik" - 6%; "Metalists" - 6%; "Nazis" ("Neonazists", "Nazi") - 6%; SKA - 5%; Sports (football) fans - 3%; "Anime" - 3%; "Hiphop" - 3%; "Anti-fascist" ("Antifa") - 2%. (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6.

Based on the analysis of the answers to the question aimed at identifying the awareness of young people about various subcultures, 5 main groups of "subcultures", allocated by young people, can be distinguished.

1 group - subcultures allocated on the basis of a sign of musical addiction corresponding to fashion: "emo" 64%; "Goths" 41%; "Panca" 36%; "Rockers" 11%; "Reperas" 9%; "Hippie" 9%; "Metalists" 6%; SKA 5%; Hiphop 3%; "Rastamans" 0.3%.

2 Group - subcultures allocated on the basis of a sign of social activity and political views: "Skinheads" 35%; "Nazis" 6%; "Anti-fascists" 2%; "Green" 0.3%.

3 Group - subcultures isolated on the basis of a method of conducting free time / hardly identifiable: "Bikers" 10%; "Satanists" 10%; "Anime" 3%; "Friki" 1%; "Graatifers" 1%; "Roleviks" 0.6%; "Gamers" 0.6%; "Hackers" 0.5%; "Clubber" 0.5%.

4 Group - subcultures allocated on the basis of a sign of passion by various sports: "Sport fans" 3%; Rolers 1%; "Skaters" 0.6%; "Cyclists" 0.3%.

In 5, a group of subcultures allocated on the basis of a sign of the asocial or division / criminal behavior, a group of so-called "Gopniks" has entered with 6% of fame.

Analysis of the ratio of fame of the selected "subcultural groups" in the youth environment shows that the main, "system-forming" factors, on the basis of which subcultures are formed and differentiated, "musical addiction and the corresponding fashion" remain. Among the subcultures called by respondents, this group dominates, amounting to more than 2/3 among those known surveyed. It is significant that the second largest subculture group, formed on the basis of a sign "Social activity, political views," has a specific weight 4 times less than the first group and is 1/6 among well-known respondents.

The study revealed that the leading role in informing about youth subcultures belongs to the media. The result of the survey showed the role of the Internet in disseminating information about the life of subcultures (33% of respondents). In second place - body / broadcasting (27%). 25% of respondents receive information from friends and acquaintances. From newspapers and magazines receive information 10% of respondents. Other sources of obtaining information amounted to 5%. (Fig. 7).

Fig.7.

The survey revealed the motives under the influence of which young people become participants in a certain subculture. The leading motives of participation in the youth subculture, according to respondents, are: in the first place - the implementation of the interests of young people (47% of respondents); In second place - the desire to find friends and like-minded people, an attempt to defeat inner loneliness (34%); In third place - the need for emotionally saturated communication (17%). A group of motifs caused by problems in relations with adults, conflicts in the family and educational institution, a sense of insecurity in the amount of 35%: conflicts on study and houses are considered to be the main motive of 17% of respondents; The need for protection and independence is 10%; Protest against the hypocrisy and insincerity "adult" culture - 8%.

Thus, subcultures are more acting as associations in interests that satisfy the needs of young people in a rich emotional communication, finding like-minded people and friends, becoming self-identification and socialization mechanisms (Fig. 8).

Fig.8.

In the study of the settings of the intolerance of young people, it turned out that 54% of respondents experience hostility to some subcultures. The intolerant attitudes of respondents relating to a greater extent to the following subcultures and trends are identified: the largest dislike is caused by a radical subculture of "skinheads", "Nazis" - in the amount of them were called 43% of respondents; "Satanists" cause dislike of 19% of respondents; "Pancas" - in 14%; "Emo" - in 12%; "Gopnik" - in 7%; "Goths" - 5%. (Fig. 9).

Fig.9.

The problem of the existence of radical and extremist youth subcultures is considered relevant 36% of respondents; 33% consider this problem relevant, but not in their area of \u200b\u200bresidence; 24% make up those who consider this problem a little relevant and only 7% is not at all relevant. (Fig.10).

Fig.10.

According to the participants of the survey, among the reasons for young people to participate in the life of radical and extremist groups, on 1 place - the desire to feel their power over people, it is possible to asserts 30% of respondents; on the 2nd place - the negative impact of the media and fashion - so 28% of respondents consider; In 3 place, in the opinion of the respondents, the psychological features of young people, the desire to be part of the "collective" someholbo - 23%; On the 4th place - the absence of structured leisure ("from nothing to do, for the company") - 21% of responses; on the 5th place - a change in the level of personal development of young people, defects of moral education - 20%; On the latter, such factors as the influence of the socialocolitical situation in the country - 10%; The need for protection from a radical grouping -10% of responses (Fig.11).

Fig.11.

To study the social aspect of the problem of youth subcultures, young people were asked as, in their opinion, society should be treated with various youth subcultures: 35% believe that society needs a calm understanding of this phenomenon; 22% believe that society should relate to youth subcultures, primarily as a kind of social "sensors" of the epoch characterizing the time; 21% propose to encourage the positive initiatives of representatives of youth subcultures, directing their activities to a useful direction for society; 22% of young respondents advocate for prohibitive nature, believing that youth subcultures should be suppressed by society. (Fig.12).

Fig.12.

Conclusions on research

With the help of a group survey, the study revealed a wide range of youth subcultures operating in Moscow. Of these, youth subcultures "Emo", "Ready", "Skinheads", "Pankov", "Reperas", Rockers, Metalists, Sports (Football) Fans, "Satanists" and "Gopnik" are relevant. The main, "system-forming" factors, on the basis of which youth subcultures are formed and differentiated, are "musical addiction and the corresponding fashion".

The age factor directly affects the inclusion of young people into the life of subcultures: in the younger age groups, the share of active representatives of subcultures is significantly higher than in the elders.

Subcultures are more acting as youth associations in interests that satisfy the need for young people in rich emotional communication, helping to find friends and like-minded people, becoming self-identification and socialization mechanisms. A group of motifs caused by problems in relations with adults, conflicts in the family and an educational institution, a sense of insecurity in the amount of the third part.

The most significant and relevant information about the life of subcultures with young people provide Internet and television. The results of the survey show the increasing role of the Internet in distributing information about the life of subcultures. In general, there is a fall in the importance of traditional sources of information about the life of subcultures, such as television, newspapers, magazines, radio and increasing the importance of the Internet as the age of respondents decreases. For half of the young people, the source of information is the youth environment, peers.

Installations in relation to extremist groups as a whole negative. In the Intelation rating of youth in the first place, the subculture of "Skinheads (Nazis)".

The reasons for participation in the life of radical subcultures, according to respondents, are related to the psychological features of young people (the desire to feel their power over people, asserted, insufficient level of development, moral education, the desire to be part of the team, the need for protection) and with social features of the medium ( The social polaritic situation in the country, the impact of the media). A personal aspect of the problem of the participation of young people in extremist groups is more noted.

In general, the youth audience is waiting for positive signals from the Company in relation to youth subcultures. Most young respondents believe that society needs an understanding of these phenomena and encouraging the positive undertakings of representatives of youth subcultures.

In addition to the group survey, a method of visual sociology is used - the direction of sociology, which studies social and cultural phenomena through the prism of visual images and representatives (photographs, films, advertising, etc.). The object of visual sociology in this study photographs, comics and demotivators are selected. Photos give a visual idea of \u200b\u200bthe lifestyle of representatives of informal youth associations, their appearance and images. Comics and demotivators reflect typical behavior in a particular situation, actual problems.

Photos of representatives of various subcultures and informal youth associations in their daily lives are chosen to the empirical base for visual analysis. Comic comics [Electronic resource] URL are also selected: http://nemi-comics.ru/ (which were initially gloomy comics about subculture ready, but over time they became more cheerful, although in the same Time, still quite often they are issued about serious problems) and several other comics.

1. Subculture "Pankov"

1. The ideology of the punk focuses on the realization of the right of every individual to freedom, as well as the life structure that pressure is not carried out. Ethics of this movement recognizes the great role of personal choice in the development or simply searching for freedom.

2. Torn clothing, bonded by pin or scotch, painted by markers or paint. Leather, rubber and vinyl are also popular. Sometimes punks wear narrow jeans trumpets, rocker jackets, t-shirts with non-standard images and a variety of shoes, ranging from the titanium shoes. The hair of the punkey is placed, or rather put in the form of Iroques or other "architectural" forms, or shave. The taturis is usually arbitrary, but there may be symbols such as swastika (and there may be crossed) or an iron cross.

2. Subculture "Goths"

1. The predominance of black or bright juicy color in clothing, clothing from vinyl, leather, men's skirts, use of makeup, boots on platforms, avant-garde haircuts, piercing and body modifications. Symbols of various occult and religious practices, industrial symbolism ("radiation", "biological danger", etc.)

2. Music: Gothic Rock, Gothic Metal, Darkwave, ElectroMetal, Industrial, Dark Ambient, Dark Electro, EBM, Jrock, Jelectro

3. Communicative infrastructure: magazines: "Gothland", "r.i.p.", "Gothica", "Dark City". Parties in the clubs in Moscow: "Point", "Relax", "Plan in", "Ho", "Third Way", "Theater Exchange", etc.

3. Subculture "Emo"

1. Clothing of bright colors (pants or jeans, t-shirts, sweatshirts), sneakers, piercing, hypertrophied pinches of the uche of the T.N. "Tunnels", half-hearted hair with oblique cheek or dreadlocks, proof belts

2. Music: Metalcore, Hardcore, Emocore, Alt Fokl, Numetaal, Rapcore, PostRock

3. Communicative infrastructure: TV channel: "AOne". Magazines: "dfmo.net", "1Rock" Parties in the clubs in Moscow: "Plan in", "Point", "Relax", "ho" and others.

4. Subculture "Metalists"

1. Long hair ("Haiter"), T-shirts with photos and logos of favorite groups, coarse shoes on the protector soles, clothing from black leather, ripples, chains, sweatshirts, tattoos. Symbols includes recognizable stylistics of logos of musical groups, it is possible to use simple non-erochimvolov ("skull and bones", etc.)

2. Music of genres "Metal" or "Hard Rock"

3. Communicative infrastructure: Logs: "Rock Oracle", "Dark City", "Metal Hammer", "Metal Art", "1Rock". Parties in the clubs in Moscow: "Point", "Relax", "Rocknroll Pub", "Plan in", "Ho", "B1 Maximum" and others.

5. Subculture "Satanists"

1. Long hair, leather clothes with numerous chains and ripples, eyed with spikes and nails, the abundance of satanic symbolism - crossed crosses and pentagram, wrapped in blood. Frequently confused with representatives of the Gothic subculture.

2. Music: "Black Metal". The topics of the songs filled with anti-Christian, satanic, occult value.

6. Subculture "Bikers"

1. The stereotypical appearance of the biker: Bandana (head shawl of dark tones, tied to a pirate manner on the back of the head) or black knitted cap, "roof" (leather jacket with a castle of the defective) or leather motocurt (often over the motocurtelka put on a denim or leather sleeveless vest With "colors" (symbolism) Motocluba), leather pants. Bikers often let go long hair, mustache, beard. To protect the eyes from the wind, we have glasses, often ignore helmets, but sometimes we prefer to wear real or stylized helmets of the Wehrmacht (with horns or without).

2. Symbolism: Confederate Flag, Skull Image, Emblem, Tattoo, Iron Cross, Swastubo.

7. Subculture "Anime" ("Otaku")

1. Interests - Anime, Manga, Culture and History of Japan. Hobbies can be attributed here: collecting anime and manga, figures, posters, drawing in the style of anime, writing fan fiction, etc.

2. Your language - Slang. "Anime", "Manga", "Otaku", etc., as well as their derivatives, an integral part of this slang. In addition, it is worth saying that many are used.

3. Clothing and appearance. Bags and T-shirts with appropriate. Hairstyles like a favorite character. Cosplay.

4. The presence of informal groups and communities of clubs and other associations.

8. Subculture "Football Fans"

1. The main means of distinguishing the fans scarf ("socket", "Rose"). An ordinary scarf is designed in the colors of the football team and can have different inscriptions. Within the framework of the fan movement, different installations and styles of life are combined.

2. Foundations for fans to support the team at games to other cities, which often ends with fights, disassembly among fans and pogroms.

9. Skinhead subculture

In this dress, everything is strictly functionally, adapted for street fight: dense black jeans, cheap, durable, on which dirt and blood are poorly visible, heavy shoes army shoes on thick soles, comfortable for running and being weapons in a fight, short jackets - "Bombers "Without collar, shaved or cut under zero head. Nothing superfluous: no glasses, badges, no bags, swords, nothing that prevents dodge from the opponent's hands. In shoes instead of black laces, white appeared white, as a symbol of what skins are fighting for a white race.

10. Subculture "Antifa"

The goal is to combat fascists. Fight with all manifestations of discrimination, which include racism, chauvinism, nationalism, neo-Nazism and much more. Organize shares in support of patients, drug addicts, people without a certain place of residence, everyone who needs treatment and support.

11. Subculture "Skaters" / "Rollers"

1. Skateboard riding, rollers or other impacts using a skateboard.

2. Sportswear, comfortable and loose clothing. Music of different genres.

12. Subculture "Gopnik"

13. Subculture "Rapers"

1. Wear wide, several sizes are more clothes, prefer sports shoes. Favorite sport - basketball. From jewelry wearing badges and earrings. Hair briefly cut. Many rappers do not drink alcoholic beverages, even beer, but prefer strong drugs. Rapers are not only those who listen to "rap" music, but also people writing rap, imbued with his idea. In the bulk of the rapper is not aggressive, except for those who claim themselves to the flow of "Gangsta".

2. Music: RAP, Hiphop, R "N" B

3. Priorities, except for rap: Breakdans as a form of dance and plastic body, graffiti as a species of a special wallpaper, extreme sports, streetball (street basketball), etc.

14. Subculture "Parkursors"

1. A acrobatics, martial arts and rock climbing have been the basis of this sports-creatremal hobby. The main principle is "borders no - there are only obstacles."

2. Freedom in Parkour (its main core) - means freedom in everything - how a tracer thing dresses, which listens to, as it moves, where and with whom it is friendly, and so on. Parkour can come any, independently from age and gender.

Comic about Maji №1

The little boy mocking out the way and the appearance of the representative of the Gothic subculture. While the "Goth" himself feels a sense of surprise and surprise.

Comic about Malmy №2

The conversation between the teacher and the former student girl is goth. Obviously, in the younger age, this teacher negatively responded about the appearance of the girl and about her passion, relying on age. But I was mature, the girl is still goth.

Comic about Malmy №3

The comic is presented with a group of "non-formal" and a former representative of the informal movement of older. It can be concluded that the growing, the interests of people do not always change, but go to the background, in view of, for example, a kind of classes, prioritization changes in life, etc.

Comic about Mali №4

Here is presented similar to how on comic # 1, mockery over a representative of an informal subculture.

Comics №4.

This comic is depicted "informal" and several situations where it is found with different people who negatively relate and speak out about its appearance. It is customary to be one of the factors of entry into the subculture is an attempt to draw attention to others, stand out from "gray mass". The "informal", depicted on the comic, on the contrary, is trying to hide from ill-quality views and comments in his direction.

Subcultural phenomena is easily described, but their classification and typological system are difficult by the diversity of signs of signs in the system. It is important to see that some kind of slender classification of subcultures create no sense. Here, the streamlining of fixed data is most likely possible within each of the individual fragments of subcultural mosaic.

Youth subcultures in Russia carry the impact of criminalization of society, Western cultural expansion, thrust to overcome the routine of everyday life, "birthplace spots" of the Soviet era. These effects are intertwined, in different extent inherent in one or another subcultural phenomena. The main thing is that subcultural specificity is not peculiar to the young generation of Russians as such, it is a mosaic of sociocultural entities, fragmentary scattered in a youth environment.

Some of youth subcultures can create a platform for the development of negative trends in a youth environment (problems of drugs, violence, etc.), others rather have positive social importance (ecology, etc.). In all cases, it is important that through subcultural forms for a certain part of young people lies the way to master sociality.

An analysis of a number of subcultural phenomena in modern Russia in an unexpected way leads us to an understanding that those parties to the community interaction of young people were rooted in Russian social practice, which in Soviet times were implemented in the activities of the Komsomol. The loss of this institution of socialization for considerations of a political nature was not replenished at the event level, which causes certain dissatisfaction and the search for new forms of collectivity. This circumstance should be considered when considering the issue of youth subcultural phenomena in modern Russia. From this point of view, the character of organized structures in the Russian youth movement will become clearer. Actually, this makes it possible to more broadly present the subcultures of young people in Russia in their specifics, the genesis and the possible influence on the styles of life in the coming decades.