Picasso blue period painting with names. "Blue Period" Picasso

The unique style and divine gifts allowed Picasso to influence the evolution of modern art and the entire artistic world.

Pablo Picasso was born in 1881 in the Spanish city of Malaga. At an early age, he discovered his talent and entered the school of fine arts when he was 15 years old.

Most of the life, the artist spent in his beloved France. In 1904, he moved to Paris, and in 1947 he moved to the Sunny South of the country.

Creativity Picasso is divided into unique and interesting periods.

His early "Blue Period" began in 1901 and lasted about three years. Most of the artistic works created at this time are characterized by human suffering, poverty and shades of blue.

The "pink period" lasted around for about a year, started in 1905. For this phase, a lighter pink-gold and pink-gray palette is characterized, and as characters are mostly stray artists.

The picture, which Picasso painted in 1907, identified the transition to a new style. The artist alone changed the course of contemporary art. These were Avignon Device, which caused a lot of shocks in the then society. The image of nude prostitutes in the style of cubism has become a real scandal, but served as the basis for subsequent conceptual and surrealistic art.

On the eve of the Second World War, during the conflict in Spain, Picasso created another brilliant work - the painting "Gernik". The direct source of inspiration was the bombardment of the Gernik, the canvas personifies the protest of the artist who condemned fascism.

In his work, Picasso devoted a long time to study the comedy and fantasy. It was also realized as a schedule, sculptures, decorator and ceramist. The master constantly worked, creating a huge number of illustrations, drawings and constructions of bizarre content. At the final stage of his career, he wrote variations of famous paintings of Velasquez and Delacroix.

Pablo Picasso died in 1973 in France at the age of 91, having time to create 22,000 works of art.

Pictures Pablo Picasso:

Boy with Tube, 1905

This picture of the early Picasso refers to the "Pink Period", he wrote it shortly after arriving in Paris. Here is a boy with a tube in his hand and a wreath of flowers on the head.

Old guitarist, 1903

The picture refers to the "Blue Period" of Picasso's Creativity. It shows the old, blind and beggar street musician with a guitar. The work is made in blue shades and relies on expressionism.

Avignon Device, 1907

Perhaps the most revolutionary painting in contemporary art and the first painting in the style of cubism. The master ignored the generally accepted aesthetic rules, shocked purists and aloligantly changed the course of art. He peculiarly depicted five naked prostitutes from a brothel in Barcelona.

Bottle Roma, 1911

Picasso finished this picture in the French Pyrenees, a favorite place of musicians, poets and artists, the cubists chose him to the First World War. The work is made in a complex cubist style.

Head, 1913

This famous work has become one of the most abstract cubes collages. Head profile can be traced in a semicircular outlined by charcoal, but all elements of the person are significantly reduced to geometric pieces.

Still life with compote and glass, 1914-15.

Forms of pure color and faceted objects are compared and superimposed on each other, creating a harmonious composition. Picasso in this picture demonstrates the practice of a collage, which often uses in his work.

Girl in front of the mirror, 1932

This is a portrait of a young lover Picasso - Mary Teresa Walter. The simulator and its reflection symbolize the transition from the girl to a seductive woman.

Gernik, 1937

This picture depicts the tragic nature of war and the suffering of innocent victims. The work is monumental on its scale and meaning, it is perceived all over the world as an anti-war symbol and a poster for peace.

Crying woman, 1937

Picasso was interested in the topic of suffering. This detailed picture with a grimace distorted, a deformed face is considered to be a continuation of "Gerniki".

"I plunged into blue, when I realized that Casajemas was dead," Picasso confessed later. "The period from 1901 to 1904 in the work of Picasso is usually called the" blue "period, since most of the pictures of this time are written in a cold blue-green range, aggravating the mood of fatigue and tragic poverty." The fact that later was called the "blue" period, multiplied by images of sad scenes, paintings, full of deep melancholy. At first glance, all this is incompatible with the enormous life force of the artist himself. But remembering the self-portrait of a young man with huge sad eyes, we understand that the "blue" period can be transferred by emotions, who owned the artist at that time. Personal tragedy aggravated his perception of life and grief suffering and disadvantaged people.

Paradoxically, but the fact: the injustice of the living device is sharply feeling not only those who since childhood survived the oppression of life or even worse - dislike for loved ones, but also completely prosperous people. Picasso is a bright example. The mother adored Pablo, and this love became impetuous armor for him to death. The father, who constantly experiencing material difficulties, was able to help her son from the last strength, although he sometimes moved at all in the direction that Don Jose pointed out. Favorite and prosperous young man did not become a egocentric, although the atmosphere of decadent culture in which he was formed in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bit would seem that it contributed to that. On the contrary, he felt a huge force with a huge sociality, a huge abyss between the poor and rich, the injustice of the device of society, the anti-imagination by his word, all that led to revolutions and wars of the XX century.

"We turn to one of the central works of Picasso of that time - to the picture of the" Old Man with a boy ", made in 1903 and is now in the State Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin. On a flat neutral background, two sitting figures are depicted - a decar blind old man and a little boy. Images are given here in their sharply contrasting opposition: elegant with wrinkles, as it were to a wicked powerful game of the head of an old man with deep depressions of blind eyes, his bony, unnaturally angular figure breaking his legs and hands and, as opposed to him, wide open eyes on a gentle , mildly modified baby face, smooth, flowing lines of his clothes. The boy standing on the threshold of life, and a decrepit old man, on whom death had already imposed his imprint, - these extremes are combined in a picture of some tragic community. The boy's eyes are wide open, but they seem like the same non-violent, like the terrible heads of the old man's icing: it is immersed in the same insane thought. The dull blue color is even more strengthens the mood of grief and hopelessness, which is expressed in sad focused people. Color is not here with the color of real objects, it is also not a color of real light that floods the picture space. The same dull, deathly cold shades of blue transmits Picasso and faces of people, and their clothes, and the background on which they are depicted. "

The image is life-like, but there are quite a few conventions. Hypertrophied the proportions of the body of the old man, an uncomfortable posture emphasizes his brokenness. Khudoba is unnatural. Thoves of the boy's face are too simplistic. "The artist does not tell anything about who these people, what country or the era they belong to and why they, so clinging to each other, sit on this blue earth. And nevertheless, the picture speaks of many ways: in contrasting opposition to the old man and the boy we see and sad, honeycomb one, and hopeless, inevitably the dark future of the other, and the tragic present of them both. The sorrowful face of poverty and loneliness looks at us with his sad eyes from the picture. In their works created during this period, Picasso avoids fragmentation, detail and seeks to emphasize the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe depicted in every way. This idea remains common to the overwhelming majority of its early works; As well as in the old man with a boy with a boy, it lies in the disclosure of unpleasuries, the sorrowful loneliness of people in the tragic world of poverty. "

The profans are often moving towards the artists-avant-gardeists of the replica, which, they say, do not know how to draw, so they depict cubes and squares. Picasso can serve as an illustration of the falsity and primitiveness of such an approval. From the young age, he knew how to reflect nature on paper with the highest similarity with the original. Talent, successfully hit from birth to the creative environment (the Father of the brightest figure in the painting of the twentieth century was a drawing teacher and decorator), developed lightning. The boy began to draw hardly no earlier than talking ...

"Blue" period

The "blue period" is perhaps the first stage in the work of Picasso, in relation to which you can talk about the individuality of the master, despite the still sound notes of influences. The first creative takeoff was triggered by a long depression: in February 1901, Picasso in Madrid learned about the death of his close friend Carlos Calossahamas. On May 5, 1901, the artist came to Paris for the second time in his life, where everything reminded of Casaagemas, with whom he recently recently discovered the French capital for himself. Pablo settled in the room where Carlos held his last days, started a novel with Germain, because of whom the friend committed suicide with him, communicated with the same circle of people. You can imagine, in which complex knot, the bitterness of the losses, the feeling of guilt, the feeling of the proximity of death ... All this largely served the "Sorrow", from which the "blue period" grew up. Later, Picasso said: "I plunged into blue when I realized that Kalaheadham was dead."

"Pink" period

The "pink period" was relatively short-lived (since the fall of 1904 until the end of the 1906th) and not quite uniform. However, a large number of paintings are marked by a light flavor, the appearance of pearl-gray, oath and pink-red tones; Appear and become dominant new topics - actors, acrobats, athletes. Circus Medrano, located at the foot of the Montmartremic Hill, of course, gave a lot of material for the artist. Theatricality in many of its manifestations (costumes, accented gestures), a variety of types of people, beautiful and ugly, young and adults, as if returned to the artist to the world several convertible, but real forms, volumes, spaces; Images were again filled with life as opposed to the characters of the "Blue Period" ...

"African" period

The first work that turned Picasso's brush towards the new figuration was the portrait of Gertruda Stein 1906. By rewriting it about 80 times, the artist was desperate to embody the writer in the classic style. The artist is clearly ripe for a new creative period, and following in kind has ceased to interest him. This canvas can be considered the first step towards the deformation of the form.

In 1907, Picasso first encountered archaic African art at the ethnographic exhibition in the Trookerado Museum. Primitive idols, figurines and masks, where the generalized form was released from the mining of details, embodied the mighty forces of nature, from which a primitive person did not distrangle himself. The ideology of Picasso, invariably the art above all, coincided with a powerful promise laid in these images: For the ancient people, art served not to decorate life, it was witchcraft who tamed incomprehensible and hostile spirits that controlled the complete hazard of the earthly life ...

Cubism

To cubism in European art, one of the mains always remained the problem of life-like. For several centuries, art evolved, without taking this task in doubt. Even impressionists who opened a new chapter on the light of the Light, fixing a fleeting impression in the history of painting, also solved the question: how to capture this world on the canvas.

The incentive to the development of a new language of art, perhaps, was the question: why draw? By the beginning of the XX century. The basics of "correct" drawing could be taught almost any. Photography was actively developed, and it became clear that the images of the fixation, the technical plan would become her victorious. The question arose in front of the artists: how to remain alive and relevant in the world, where the visual images become more accessible and are increasingly replicated? Picasso's answer is extremely simple: in the arsenal of painting there is only its own specific means - the plane of the canvas, line, color, light, and they are absolutely not necessary to put in the service of nature. The outside world only gives an impetus to express the individuality of the Creator. Refusal to the plausible imitation of the objective world opened incredibly wide opportunities in front of artists. It was this process in several directions. In the field of "liberation", the color was leading, perhaps, Matisse, and the marriage and Picasso - the founders of the cubism - more interested in the form ...

"Classic" period

The 1910s were quite complicated for Picasso. In 1911, a story with the purchase and storage stolen statuettes stolen from the Louvre, which demonstrated the picasso limitations of his own moral, human forces: he was and unable to resist the authorities, and to preserve the devotion of friendship (in the first interrogation he tried to renounce even from the fact Dating with the apoliner, "thanks to" which he turned out to be involved in this unpleasant incident). In 1914, the First World War began and it turned out that Picasso was not ready to fight for France, which became its second homeland. This also divorced him with many friends. In 1915, Marsell Umber died ...

Surrealism

The dismemberment of creativity for periods is a standard way to squeeze art into the frame and decompose on the shelves. In the case of Pablo Picasso, an artist without style or, rather, an artist of many styles, this approach is conditional, but traditionally applied. Picasso's proximity period to surrealism chronologically fits into the framework of 1925 - 1932. As a rule, a certain MUSE was mastered over each stylistic stage in the work of the artist. Staying in marriage with the ex-Ballerina Olga Khokhlova, who threw "to recognize himself on the canvases", Picasso, along with the George of the Cubism invented, together with George's marriage turned to neoclassicism.

When the artist entered the young blonde

"We turn to one of the central works of Picasso of that time - to the picture of the" Old Man with a boy ", made in 1903 and is now in the State Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin. On a flat neutral background, two sitting figures are depicted - a decar blind old man and a little boy. Images are given here in their sharply contrasting opposition: elegant with wrinkles, as it were to a wicked powerful game of the head of an old man with deep depressions of blind eyes, his bony, unnaturally angular figure breaking his legs and hands and, as opposed to him, wide open eyes on a gentle , mildly modified baby face, smooth, flowing lines of his clothes. The boy standing on the threshold of life, and a decrepit old man, on whom death had already imposed his imprint, - these extremes are combined in a picture of some tragic community. The boy's eyes are wide open, but they seem like the same non-violent, like the terrible heads of the old man's icing: it is immersed in the same insane thought. The dull blue color is even more strengthens the mood of grief and hopelessness, which is expressed in sad focused people. Color is not here with the color of real objects, it is also not a color of real light that floods the picture space. The same dull, deathly cold shades of blue transmits Picasso and faces of people, and their clothes, and the background on which they are depicted. "

In the "blue" period, in addition to the already specified canvases ("Old man with a boy", "Beer Mug (Portrait of Sabartes)" and "Life") were also created "Self-portrait", "Date (two sisters)", "Women's Head" , "Tragedy", etc.

Pictures of the "blue period" Picasso is a quintessence of pain, loneliness and destructive depression. No matter how paradoxically, the main events of this period unfolded in the city of Love and the capital of Art - Paris. Why at the very start of the life and creative path of Picasso, these sad, gloomy tones arose? What events have forever changed the life of the artist?

See Paris and do not die

On the eve of his nineteenthily annoyance, Picasso, along with a friend, the artist Carlos Casaagemas went to Paris. Young people did not know a word in French, but it did not prevent them from pretty quickly acquiring acquaintances with local catalyans and find removable accommodation. All days, they spent in a cafe, in Louvre, at the World Exhibition, in brothels and cabarets. However, it also accounted for a lot. In one of the letters, Casaagemas writes: "Always, when there is a light - I mean solar, from artificially there is no anywhere around the clock - we are in the studio, draw."

The first arrival in Paris presented two young people ... women. Picasso used all his charm and magnetism to twist novels with ladies, and neither a linguistic barrier, nor the general unpleasution could help him in this. Most often, young people spent time in the company of their simulators. One of them is dreadful - became a girlfriend Picasso. The second is a Frenchwoman with Spanish roots of Gargalo Gargalo - Casaagemas. And although the ghermen was married, an insurmountable thrust for freedom and adventure, now and then let it in relation to new men.

"Artists of Casaagemas and Picasso, who pursue two girls", 1900

Casaagemas and Picasso were close friends, but absolutely opposite by nature. The impulsive, insecure in himself, doubting in his masculinity, Carlos was hardly worried when German did not pay attention to him or flirting with others. To calm the jealous heart and distract from bad thoughts, he loaded himself with work: "Since the next week, that is, from tomorrow, we will fill our life with peace, tranquility, work and all that brings peace of mind and bodily cheerfulness. We accepted such a decision after the official meeting with the ladies. "

First patron

PERHERUS MANASH, who was presented by Picasso his Spanish friends, was a famous Paris collector and trader paintings. Manash was fascinated by the works of Picasso and offered a deal: one hundred fifty francs per month for all the paintings that the artist will have time to create during this time, as well as him, manas, personal patronage. Pablo agreed. On the one hand, the proposal gave Picasso a unique chance to escape from the poverty, in which he had been on all the time all the time. To understand generosity, Manas's proposals should be said that, for example, the lease of the workshop cost 15 francs per month, and two francs per day were enough for daily needs.

On the other hand, soon this dependence on the money of the PERSHIA began to beat the pride of Picasso: the stubborn, the spoiled boy, who had ever had anything to anyone, got into a very important Kabalu. And even at a distance - when Picasso decided to return to his homeland, in Spain - Manash tried to control him and constantly demanded new paintings.

And he returned home pretty quickly. Closer to Christmas Picasso and Casaagemas understood that they were bored by their relatives. Paris - with all its lights, noise, bright advertising posters, endless parties and brothels - they are tired. Young people decided to return to Barcelona. But, being in the capital of Catalonia, quite quickly realized: only poverty were waiting for them, unjustified hopes about glory and all the same endless public houses. Casaagemphemas chah in front of the mistress of the mistress, which was left in France. In vain Picasso hoped that local dancers would be able to distract a friend from thoughts about the fatal Germain. Soon Carlos said that he was returning to Paris.

Immersion in the darkness

In February 1901, Picasso received a letter that wrapped his former life. It has been reported that Carlos Calashamas, his nearest friend and creative associate, died.

November seventeenth - before leaving to Barcelona - Carlos arranged a farewell dinner at the "Hippodrome" restaurant. As it turned out later, Casaagemas prepared in advance for this event and knew that dinner would be the last in his life. A young man who is obsessed with passion for Germain, brought with him a charged revolver and, screaming: "So!" - shot in the hated sweetheart. However, missed. The second bullet with the words "And this is me!" - He sent himself to his head. Germain did not suffer, and Carlos Kalahead passed away in the hospital in a few hours.

The mother of youth could not survive this news. Picasso took several months to realize what happened. The first work after the tragedy was the portrait of Carlos Caloagemas for the necrologist published in the local newspaper.

From the book "Picasso", Henri Limel: "Pursued by the obsessive memories of Casaagemas, who constantly arose in his memory as reproaches, he tried to expel this pain. For several months, Picasso used the best way to self-defense - its art. And to heal until the end, he decided to reproduce the drama on February 17 ... In all her horror. He depicts a young man, covered by Savan, burning near the candle illuminates his deadly-pale face. On the right temple - a dark spot, the place where the bullet penetrated. This picture is written - and it is not by chance - on the manner of Van Gogh, who committed suicide with him. "

"Death of Casaagemas", 1901

From this point on, Picasso fell into a terrible depression, which began to eat it from the inside. In an attempt to forget, he went to work with his head, deciding to overcome the grief through creativity. Now the goal was to justify all the means - and soon Picasso decided to return to Paris. He concluded a deal with his own ego and went again to Manasha, who, in turn, was looking forward to the return of the ward. He even removed for Picasso Studio of the deceased Casaagemas, located next to the ill-fated restaurant "Hippodrome".

In the same workshop, Picasso wrote a portrait of his patron, in which this strong and confident man resembles Matador, "ready to rush into battle with a fierce bull, taking any outcome of the fight in advance."

"PERHERUS MANASH", 1901

However, soon Manyfly manas was waiting for a very unpleasant discovery: Picasso is much more difficult and unpredictable than it seemed to him. Instead of bright cheerful cauldons, which he was so waited, the artist issued dark, pessimistic, performed pain and suffering from the painting in an unexpected blue-blue gamma.

"Blue Period"

All this time, Picasso thought only about the loss of a friend. The pain of loss did not attense, but only gained new revs. Pictures settled exhausted people, sick cripples and lonely stray artists. Each work of this time is written in piercing blue colors and broadcasts the infinite sense of loneliness of heroes. All of them seek a person who will never come again. Own self-portrait of the artist of this period is sharply different from the past: the essence of this image is emptiness, darkness and hopelessness.

"Self-portrait", 1901

Perhaps Picasso deliberately immersed himself in suffering, waking up the inspiration of the "blue period". The painting "Funeral of Casaagemas" is the largest in size among those created in Paris - occupied a significant part of his workshop and at the same time served as shirma. He drew a dead friend again and again, as if trying to feel his death pain and suffering.

"GERMAN", 1902

And in the meantime, life continued. Their common with Carlos friend - Manolo - became the lover of Germens. And soon they became Picasso himself. What for? You can not know this. Perhaps the connection with this woman was another attempt to survive the pain of a deceased friend, the desire to understand him. The shadow of Germains, which eventually married Manolo, was all his life next to Picasso. The writer Gertrude Stein said so about the artist: "He is a man who needs to constantly empty himself, and for this he needs a powerful incentive to activities, to complete devastation."

"Two sisters", 1902

In the picture "Two sisters" depicted a prostitute and a nun (another embodiment assumes that this is a prostitute and her mother). This work, the artist manifest his attitude towards women: they all, in his opinion, are divided into saints and harlots. Picasso continued to spend time in brothels and cabaret, but closed his heart tightly and really did not climb with women more than one night.

"Lovers", 1904

Writer Palau-I-Farber affected this topic in his book "Life Picasso, 1881-1907", when I described the painting "Lovers": "... Two worms, intertwined and flying ... Picasso, who hides a face, bolding into women's The body is likely to hide something from himself - something that he does not want to see entirely what is trying to not think about. "

During these years, Picasso created many graphic works in which his new, unique handwriting originated: sketches of one continuous line, without a pencil separation. The paintings seem unfinished, but even they transmit the physical and spiritual flour of the artist into this difficult time.

"Life", 1903

"Life" is the central work of the "blue period" filled with ambiguous symbols. In the left side is the idealized image of Kasaagemas, to which a nude woman sniffed. In the right - a woman with a child who looks at the young man with a reproach: Perhaps this is the mother of Casaagemas. In the background - two canvas: on top - hugging couple, image of love; On the lower - the raising woman, the incarnation of pain and loneliness.

The main motive of all works of the Blue Period - loneliness and the inevitability of human suffering; The torment of beggars, patients, old people and cripples. The reality of the accurate cargo in addition to that careless Picasso: reflections on the meaning of what is happening with him and his close (their troubles and chants) were embodied in the paintings of this period - the most gloomy period in the artist's work.

Observing the masterpieces of the "Blue Period"

Works with so deep and at the same time difficult sense was almost impossible to sell. Once Picasso turned all the work in the roll and simply gave him to his friend Ramon Pisho. And correctly did: the responsible comrade managed to preserve the convolution, and it is thanks to him today we can see the Picasso masterpieces of that period.

"If the bundle was lost, then there would be no" blue period ", since all that I then painted was there" Pablo Picasso

After some time (in 1905), Picasso became acquainted with the writer and the poet Guide Apolliner, and two days later showed him the work of the "blue period". Apolliner, who has never seen anything like that, has become a kind of translator of the visual language of Picasso to the human language understandable to us. What to say: he and the artist himself, for whom his own paintings were something intuitive and subconscious, was able to interpret their meaning. Articles of Apolliner - a wonderful example of how the text of the artistic canvase becomes a full-fledged literary work.

"These children who did not get caress, understand everything. These women, whom no one loves, do not forget anything. They seem to hide in the shadows of some ancient temple. They disappear with dawn, comforting silence. Ice blades enveloped them. These old men have the right, without humiliating, ask for alms ... "- Posted by Apolliner. "... They say that premature disappointment is felt in the works of Picasso. But I believe that in reality, a smooth account on the contrary. Picasso fascinated by what he sees, but a real talent allows his imagination to mix together the delight and disgust, lowlands and uplands. On the other side of Naturalism, Picasso, his tender care to detail, lies mysticism inherent in the most distinguished from the religion of the Spaniards ... Lucky, torn acrobats surrounded by shining halo - these are real sons of mankind: non-permanent, cunning, deft, beggars, false " .

Photo: Getty Images Russia, RIA Novosti