What is the problem of the work of the history of one city. Analysis of the "Stories of one city" Saltykov-Shchedrin, the main idea and the topic of the work

Creating an ironic grotesque "story of one city" Saltykov-Shchedrin expects to call the reader not laughter, but a "bitter feeling" of shame. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe work is built in the image of a certain hierarchy: a simple people who will not resist the instructions of often stupid rulers, and rulers-tyranov. In the face of a simple people in this story, residents of the city of stupid are in this story, and their oppressors are cityholders. Saltykov-Shchedrin with irony notes that this people need a boss, the one that they will give instructions and keep in the "Help Mittens", otherwise all the people will fall into anarchy.

History of creation

The idea and idea of \u200b\u200bthe novel "The history of one city" was formed gradually. In 1867, the writer wrote a fabulous fantastic work "Story about the governor with stuffed head", it subsequently formed the basis of the head "Organic". In 1868, Saltykov-Shchedrin began working on the "history of one city", graduated from 1870. Initially, the author wanted to give a job the name "Silver Chronicler". The novel was published in the Popular Notes magazine at the time.

Plot works

(Illustrations of the creative team of Soviet graphic artists "Kukryniksy")

The story is conducted on behalf of the chronicler. He tells about the inhabitants of the city, which were so stupid that their city was given "stupid". The novel begins the head "On the root of the origin of the silly", in which the history of this people is given. It is described in particular about the breeding tribe, who, after the victory over the neighboring tribes of Lukoenedov, Gucchi. Only one prince decided on the board, and he sent a vorah-novel instead of himself. When he was defeated, the prince sent him a loop, but the thief was able to get out of some sense and stabbed himself with cucumber. As you can see, the irony and grotesque get perfectly in the work.

After several unsuccessful candidates for the role of deputy prince appeared in the city personally. Becoming the first ruler, he laid the countdown of the "historical time" of the city. It is said that twenty-two ruler with their achievements ruled the city, but in the "Opsim" listed twenty-one. Apparently, the missing is the founder of the city.

main characters

Each of the city holders performs its task in implementing the idea of \u200b\u200ba writer through Grotesque to show the absurdity of their board. In many types, the features of historical personalities are viewed. For greater recognition, Saltykov-Shchedrin not only described the style of their board, it was ridiculously distorted the surnames, but also gave a taking characteristics pointing to the historical prototype. Some identities of the city holders are images collected from the characteristic features of different persons of the history of the Russian state.

So, the third ruler Ivan Matveyevich Giakanov, famous for the fact that drowned the director of economic issues and introduced taxes of three kopecks per person, was exiled to the Ostrog for an affair with Avdota Lopukhina, the first wife of Peter I.

Brigadier Ivan Matveyevich Baklan, the sixth of the Gardener, was high growth and was proud to be a follower of the Ivan the Terrible line. The reader understands what is meant the bell tower in Moscow. Death The ruler found in the spirit of the same grotesque image that the novel was filled - the brigadier was broken in half during a storm.

For Peter III, in the image of Sergeant Guard Bogdan Bogdanovich, Pfefefence points out this characteristic - "Holstetsky leaving", the style of the rule of the city holder and its outcome - is shifted from the ruler of the ruler for ignorance.

Dementy Varlamovich Brudatiy nusted by the "Organic" for the presence of a mechanism in the head. Held the city in fear because it was a sullen and closed. When trying to take the head of the head of the cityholder to repair to the metropolitan masters, she was thrown into a frightened chercher from the crew. After the board of the organization in the city, chaos reigned for 7 days.

A short period of the well-being of citizens is associated with the name of the Ninth Greadstock, Konstantinovich Seeds. The civilian adviser and innovator, he took up the appearance of the city, began medical and brewing. Tried to open the Academy.

The twelfth Gardener, Vasilisk Semenovich Barodavkin, Vasilisk Semenovich, reminding the reader with the style of the board of Peter I. On the connection of the character with a historical person point out his "glorious cases" - destroyed the shooting and naked settlement, and difficult relationships with the eradication of the people's ignorance - spent four in silly Wars for enlightenment and three - against. Resolutely prepared the city for burning, but suddenly died.

By the origin, the former peasant Onufriy Ivanovich Nognaliv, to the service of the Grador to the top of the furnace, destroyed the streets paved by the former ruler and put the monuments on these resources. The image is written off from Paul I, to which the circumstances of his displacement indicate: dismissed for disagreement with the triumvirate about constitutions.

With the Stat adviser to Eraste Andreyevich, the Studious Bomond was busy with the balas and night collections with the reading of a certain Mr. Lithuania. As in the rule of Alexander I, the city holder was not affected by the people who reached and hungry.

Prohhvost, idiot and "Satan" Ugryum-burver wears "talking" surname and "written off" from Count Arakcheev. He finally destroys stupid and decides to build a city in a new place. When attempting to implement such a grand project, the "end of the world" occurred: the sun was alarmed, the earth shook, and the darling was disappeared without a trace. So the story of the "one city" ended.

Analysis of the work

Saltykov-Shchedrin with satire and grotesque puts the goal to reach the human soul. He wants to convince the reader that Christian principles should be based on the human institute. Otherwise, a person's life can be deformed, isorovanny, and at the end can lead to the death of the human soul.

"The history of one city" - the work of an innovative, overcoming the usual framework of art satire. Each image in the novel has pronounced grotesque features, but at the same time recognizable. What gave rise to the squall of criticism against the author. He was accused of "slander" on the people and rulers.

Indeed, the story of silly is largely written off by the chronicle of Nestor, talking about the time of the beginning of Russia - "Tale of Bygone Years." This parallel, the author deliberately stressed that it became apparent to whom he implies under the fools, and that all these city holders are not a flight of fantasy, but the real Russian rulers. At the same time, the author clearly makes it clear that it describes not all human genus, namely Russia, overcoming her story on his satirical way.

However, the purpose of creating the work of Saltykov-Shchedrin did not make a mockery over Russia. The task of the writer began to host society to a critical rethinking of its history to eradicate existing vices. Grotesque plays a huge role in creating an artistic image in the work of Saltykov-Shchedrin. The main goal of the writer is to show the vices of people who are not coming society.

The writer ridiculed the disgrare of society and was called the "great mockeeper" in a number of such predecessors as Griboedov and Gogol. Reading ironic grotesque, the reader wanted to laugh, but in this laughter there was something ominous - the public "felt like Beach whisching her the same."

Roman "History of one city" (1869-1870) - the work is complex and ambiguous. Immediately after his release, Saltykov-Shchedrin was accused of insulting the Russian people and distortion of domestic history. The author himself claimed: "I do not have a story at all, and the famous order of things ... I have no matter before the story. I mean only the present. "
Philosophical - historical issues have always worried Russian writers. Remember A.S. Pushkin with his "captain's daughter", "Boris Godunov", "Poltava". L.N. Tolstoy in the epic "War and Peace" tried to comprehend many issues of history and human soul. In the 20th century, these traditions were continued Sholokhov, A.N. Tolstoy, etc. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in his own way permitting his concerns of the Russian statehood and nature of man.
In the center of the novel "The history of one city" lies the history of the city of Silly, on the example of which the development of Russian autocracy is considered. Various epochs are compared in the work: from Kievan Rus to the beginning of the 19th century.
The historical form of the story was convenient to the writer in that he allowed him to freely contact modern phenomena of life. "The same foundations of life that existed in the 18th century exist now," Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote. Only under the cover of historical shape, as well as with the help of Grotesque and Ezopov, the author was able to express his bold judgments about the existing country in the country. Neither Russian nor world fiction know another work, in which Russian autocracy would be subjected to as fierce chosen and a merciless court as in the "stories of one city"
Already the first lines of this work are a parody of the monuments of the Old Russian literature: "The Word about the regiment of Igor", "Tale of Bygone Years." But there are not these monuments of culture in it, and the established opinion, according to which history is not going on, and individual personalities. Saltykov-Shchedrin indicates the views of the silly archivius, who seen in the history of only the biographies following each other, with the description of their "wonderful" acts.
The relationship of satirical allegoryments of the silician chronicles with historical personalities is clearly in the chapter "Tale of the Six Graduals". The painting of the "silly inter part" - a parody of the famous palace coups after Peter I. Saltykov-Shchedrin created grotesque figures of Russian Empress, their associates and lovers. With all this, no one cannot definitely say that one of them is Catherine I, Anna Ioannovna, Anna Leopoldova or Catherine II. This is a generalized image of all Russian tsaritsa.
In the "Stories of one city, the reader meets primarily with the images of the city holders (Ferdychenko, bobbies, Borodkin, villains, pimples, sullen-burver). All of them are a kind of elements of one collective image - silly power. And this image terrifies. So, during the "enlightener", Fddyshchenko covered the city and hunger. Breakov was engaged in the development of brewing, breeding mustard and laurel sheet. At the end of the reign of Nogyadyeva stupid was the accopriety of blackened balls.
Plots and satirical images of the "Stories of one city" are largely similar to the real events of the past. For example, in a story about fantastic travels of the city holder Fddyshchenko on the lands of silly, there are hints on the lush journeys of the royal persons in the cities and the weighs of the Russian state. It is enough to recall the journey of Catherine II in the Crimea to recall at least the dancer.
The Reniece of Gradorovnikov in the work is completed with the manner-burrurch. He surpassed everyone with his idiocy. In the face of this urban, readers learned the sinister appearance of Arakcheev and saw portrait similarity with Nikolai I.
Ugryum-Burcheev conceived a fantastic project of reorganization of the city of silly. For this, he sought to stop the river. The river here symbolizes life, indestructible strength of the people. How many sulfur-burroeums were not messed over the people, he still remained alive.
Gradually, the fear of the harees of the people begins to disappear. Once the silly understood that they were just a soulless idiot. A complete anger was passed, symbolizing the revolution, a spontaneous riot. The great satire on the "order of things" of silly life ends with the death of this hateful order and its last ruler of Ugryum-Burchhev: "It passed. The story ceased to their ".
Saltykov-generous was completely alien to populic ideas. He did not believe in the ability to rise by all the people of the revolution. Darkness and the pallor of the people's life could, in his opinion, lead only to the spontaneous, terrible, "revolution of the belly". Her writer feared the most.
Thus, the "history of one city" is a bilateral satire: on autocracy and on the political passivity of the masses. If, in relation to the self-adjusting satire, the character of merciless and complete denials was carried out, then in relation to the people, it was the correction of morals, political enlightenment.

Andrei Platonov's creativity helps the modern reader to deal with the events that took place in Russia in the 20s of the 20s of the 20th century, in the period of strengthening in our country of Soviet power. By the number of works, truthfully reflected the events of this time, its famous story "Kotlovan" belongs. Platonov began writing it in December 1929, in the most peak of the "great fracture", or, as they say, in the story itself, in the "Bright Moment of the Communication of Property". The work of the writer over the "pit" was completed in the first half of 1930. This peculiar story is also a social parable, and philosophical grotesque.

"And finally, Russia, it is Russia who chooses a new one, none, never the wrong path, and from the very first steps, it is heard to the world ..." A. Tolstoy. "Whatever told about the revolution of 1917, no matter how opposed to it, no opinions exist on her account, this revolution in Russia was the greatest event that turned the entire course of humanity. Almost no famous writer bypassed this topic by the party. There were no exception to Isaac Babel and Alexander Fadeev. Collection of stories "Konarmy" and the romance "defeat" are written in approximately one time, in the 20s of our age

They are destined to us good gusts, but nothing to accomplish nothing. N.A.Nekrasov Roman "Oblomov" Goncharov began writing in 1846. At this time, Russia was a feudal-serfacea country. The oppression of serfs has reached its limits. The economic and political progress of developing capitalist England and France forced Russia to change its system. Progressive people of Russia sought to change, but many were afraid that technical progress would change the moral principles, destroy the spirituality of the person. Each era gives rise to his type of people. Oblomov and the people around him - the heroes of the beginning and middle of the XI

Philosophical - historical issues have always worried Russian writers. Remember A.S. Pushkin with his "captain's daughter", "Boris Godunov", "Poltava". L.N. Tolstoy in the epic "War and Peace" tried to comprehend many issues of history and human soul. In the 20th century, these traditions were continued Sholokhov, A.N. Tolstoy, etc. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in his own way permitting his concerns of the Russian statehood and nature of man.

In the center of the novel "The history of one city" lies the history of the city of Silly, on the example of which the development of Russian autocracy is considered. Various epochs are compared in the work: from Kievan Rus to the beginning of the 19th century.

The historical form of the story was convenient to the writer in that he allowed him to freely contact modern phenomena of life. "The same foundations of life that existed in the 18th century exist now," Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote. Only under the cover of historical shape, as well as with the help of Grotesque and Ezopov, the author was able to express his bold judgments about the existing country in the country. Neither Russian nor world fiction know another work, in which Russian autocracy would be subjected to as fierce chosen and a merciless court as in the "stories of one city"

Already the first lines of this work are a parody of the monuments of the Old Russian literature: "The Word about the regiment of Igor", "Tale of Bygone Years." But there are not these monuments of culture in it, and the established opinion, according to which history is not going on, and individual personalities. Saltykov-Shchedrin indicates the views of the silly archivius, who seen in the history of only the biographies following each other, with the description of their "wonderful" acts.

The relationship of satirical allegoryments of the silician chronicles with historical personalities is clearly in the chapter "Tale of the Six Graduals". The painting of the "silly inter part" - a parody of the famous palace coups after Peter I. Saltykov-Shchedrin created grotesque figures of Russian Empress, their associates and lovers. With all this, no one cannot definitely say that one of them is Catherine I, Anna Ioannovna, Anna Leopoldova or Catherine II. This is a generalized image of all Russian tsaritsa.

In the "Stories of one city, the reader meets primarily with the images of the city holders (Ferdychenko, bobbies, Borodkin, villains, pimples, sullen-burver). All of them are a kind of elements of one collective image - silly power. And this image terrifies. So, during the "enlightener", Fddyshchenko covered the city and hunger. Breakov was engaged in the development of brewing, breeding mustard and laurel sheet. At the end of the reign of Nogyadyeva stupid was the accopriety of blackened balls.

Plots and satirical images of the "Stories of one city" are largely similar to the real events of the past. For example, in a story about fantastic travels of the city holder Fddyshchenko on the lands of silly, there are hints on the lush journeys of the royal persons in the cities and the weighs of the Russian state. It is enough to recall the journey of Catherine II in the Crimea to recall at least the dancer.

The Reniece of Gradorovnikov in the work is completed with the manner-burrurch. He surpassed everyone with his idiocy. In the face of this urban, readers learned the sinister appearance of Arakcheev and saw portrait similarity with Nikolai I.

Ugryum-Burcheev conceived a fantastic project of reorganization of the city of silly. For this, he sought to stop the river. The river here symbolizes life, indestructible strength of the people. How many sulfur-burroeums were not messed over the people, he still remained alive.

Gradually, the fear of the harees of the people begins to disappear. Once the silly understood that they were just a soulless idiot. A complete anger was passed, symbolizing the revolution, a spontaneous riot. The great satire on the "order of things" of silly life ends with the death of this hateful order and its last ruler of Ugryum-Burchhev: "It passed. The story ceased to their ".

Saltykov-generous was completely alien to populic ideas. He did not believe in the ability to rise by all the people of the revolution. Darkness and the pallor of the people's life could, in his opinion, lead only to the spontaneous, terrible, "revolution of the belly". Her writer feared the most.

Thus, the "history of one city" is a bilateral satire: on autocracy and on the political passivity of the masses. If, in relation to the self-adjusting satire, the character of merciless and complete denials was carried out, then in relation to the people, it was the correction of morals, political enlightenment.

Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin his novel rose the Russian government and described all his flaws in satirical form. The novel is written about the city, who changed the numerous number of bosses, but none of them could do something good for the city. Saltykov-Shchedrin highlighted a reality in his work, intertwined with fantastics.

In such a light and satirical form, the writer was able to fully express his thought and a conceived idea. In the novel "The history of one city" depicts the problem of all Russia. In the city in which the bosses are constantly changing and cannot normally lead the state. All chiefs are very stupid and each of them pursues their goals.

Saltykov-Shchedrin writes about the city of stupid, as about the capital, as about the provincial little town, then generally calls the village. The author gathered all the segments of the population and described different times for the city. Mikhail Evgrafovich writes that the city is on the swamp, and at other times he stands on seven hills.

In the novel "The History of One City", the main part is the description of the Gradovnikov, who sent to manage the city. Here Saltykov-Shchedrin also approached with a great exaggeration and satirical notch. Each of the city holders did not do anything in order for the city to flourish, but only ruptured him and cleaned the logs. Some bosses were empty in the head, and only an organizer stood in the corner, and other heads smelled stuffing that they even ate her.

But the romines also describes the residents of this very city, who are inactive. They do not make absolutely nothing to change the situation in their hometown and in their lives. The people simply watched how the inconspicuous number of bosses is replaced and how they destroyed the city and in parallel their lives. Residents of the city only adapt to each new chief and did not want to get out of this circle of injustice. You might think that the residents themselves do not want a good city holder for themselves, but they are pleased with those that are.

Each chief is despotic to the people, and people, in turn, have already resigned with their fate. The last garde, which decides to destroy the city and build it again. The sulfur-burver look horrified on the townspeople, and they go after him unconditionally. The construction began and began, and the townspeople remained on the ruins of their own city.

In his novel, Saltykov-Shchedrin was brightly described by the problems of society and the state.

Option 2.

Most writers of this or that era tried to transfer their dissatisfaction with one or another situation through their works, trying to bring them better as possible to the total mass of people. Someone tried to identify the problem that is only inherent in the period of their life, someone tried to convey their experiences about the topic that inherent not only to their generation, but also the previous one. One of these writers was Saltykov-Shchedrin.

Many of his works carried their enlightenment in themselves, trying to help people see the problem and offer ways to solve it. We read such works people, realized what was happening around them and tried to do something at least, and this is exactly the works of Saltykov-Shchedrin, they gave reason to think.

The work of the "Story of one city" narrated the reader about one city, in which people lived without exaggeration to be called the personification of one or another period in our homeland's life. The city was called stupid, and his inhabitants called themselves the silly, most likely this Saltykov-Shchedrin tried to convey their ignorance and limitations as much as possible. Further, along the course of the narrative, we see that the city and its inhabitants are the literal personification of all that the person would like to hide in himself and not to release. All those defects that are in it. The city is full of people stupid people who try to obey, and not think themselves.

In the works, many problems that have been inherent in one or another period are revealed. For example, the problem of excessive corruption of officials is clearly visible. Also in the work we see the problem of human rejection from society, the inhabitants of the city are still at all other than themselves, they only care about themselves loved ones, which makes you think about human indifference in our society.

Also in the work you can see the explicit comedy superiority of officialhood over the usual people, as it was in the time of the writer.

One way or another, the work tells us about the most important things in the human life, which we need to stick and follow them. Saltykov-Shchedrin tells us that spiritual things are much more important for a person than material values. The author tells us to adhere to ourselves and not to go about the surrounding opinion, which, often, may be erroneous. This summary opinion of Saltykov-Shchedrin recommends to be guided throughout the life that he actually did.

Also for their works, he felt pressure from the authority for his seemingly revolutionary urges and opposition topics.

In this essay, I analyzed the work of Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Story of the One City" from which concluded that the work has a number of issues over which the author reflected in the work and the problematics of which are described above. The opinion described in the composition is subjective and does not claim true loyalty.

Essay by story Story of one city

Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote his work over several years, in the period from 1869 to 1870. Initially, the novel was called the "silly chronicler". Later, he was renamed "The history of one city and was released by parts in the journal" Patrican Notes "and caused violent emotions from readers.

Most readers compare the written book with a small story, in fact it is not. The genre of the "Stories of one city" is a "satirical novel", which describes the life of the fuzzy city of silly, but the chronological events taking place in it take place from the chronicles found by the writer.

The action of the novel unfolds in the city of Sillious, whose name speaks for itself. The novel describes the lives of the Gradnikov, their "great cases": bribery, the imposition of tribute, the recovery of various filters and much more. Saltykov-Shchedrin in his work raised the main problem - the essence of the history of the Russian state. He estimated the past and present Russia quite critically, as the majority of the residents of the country "Stools" considered. That translated from the language of the ancient people means "gibbing". For her ignorance and disdain, he renamed them.

The effect of the novel begins with small warring tribes. Charter from the constant war among themselves, they decided to choose a man who would lead the tribes and commanded their people. So the first prince appeared on Rus and the city of stupid.
By this, he described the formation of ancient Russia and the Board of the Rurikovsky Dynasty.

First called to power the prince laid a part of affairs on his landowner. But he turned out to be a thief, the ruler had to take tough measures. The writer then lists most of the rulers of the Russian state, their contribution to history and how he distinguished themselves. The bosses changed one after another, their worldview and absurdity of the Board were changed, which the author indicates in its work.

Madness and no need of the necessary reforms created chaos and mess in the country, people became a beggar, destroyed. And the monarchs were in a permanent state of drunkenness, then the war and before the ordinary people they had no matter. A gradual series of mistakes from the authorities led to the difficult consequences, which the author narrates with sarcasm and satire. Ultimately, death, overtaking the last ruler of the ruler-burver, due to which the narrative is broken, gives the hope of the Russian people to change the life for the better.

In the novel "The History of the One City" writer touched the many important topics for the history of Russia, such as war, power, ignorance, religion, slavery and fanaticism. Each topic is important in its own way and is a lot of meaning in the lifestas of a simple people.

The main problem described in the work that Saltykov-Shchedrin wanted to emphasize is the inaction and humility of the simple people in relation to power, their consent to the fact that the monarchs are infringed and oppressed by their rights, infringe them. The writer leans to the fact that people are afraid to be without their ruler. The fear of falling into anarchy is so strong that they drive power, and the desire will obey their boss.

The essence of the novel "The Story of the One City" is that the society does not want to make responsible decisions on his own, painting everything on the shoulders of one person who cannot be changed to the country's history. The author wants to show that without the will of the people, his awareness and the desire for a better life will not change anything. The writer does not call for an open rebellion or revolution, but he tries to convince the people that it is impossible to possess blind humility, only people and their will may affect changes to the better, you can not be afraid of power, but on the contrary, contact her with your problems.

Sample 4.

Perhaps Saltykov-Shchedrin is one of the few writers of satirical sense in Russia of the XIX century. Yes, there were a lot of classical authors, but so that Koloko ridiculous, to present reality on the other side, it is definitely to Saltykov-generous. "The history of one city" - the peak of satire at that time. About this novel and will now speech.

He at one time caused a lot of disputes and contradictions. Critics sometimes gave absolutely opposite assessments. Some did not hide their admiration before the craftsmanship of the author, others branded in every way, calling the Russophobe. Whose side should be taken?

Rather, the first side, because it is just known that the writer loved his country. It is simply in a humorous absurd tone described the current reality "without bills". Czensors most often occupied the pro-government positions, and they could not like that the emphasis was doing corruption and lawlessness at the then raising.

Roman has an interesting construction. The basis of a certain fictional chronicle of the city of silly. Scrupulously describes how the city holders and their mental were replaced, and external features. The work of Pottit hints on different rulers of Russia. That is, these bosses were presented in the form of one of the emperors.

Some bosses were like robots at all. Emphasizes their dough. Someone incentively conducted reforms, only degrading life in the city. Someone had a head like mince and one day ate her.

The novel contains the common canvas of the description in the fact that no chief showed himself as an intelligent official. All their activities have come down to self-affairs and self-government. They are dishonestly robbed people, taking the latter. Corruption and bureaucracy reached invisible scale.

The worst thing is that the work had a real historical background, and typical silly was little different from typical Kostroma, for example. Therefore, and so gone to him censorship: she perfectly understood that the author was trying to convey and over whom he laughs.

In essence, the city of stupid is a collective image of any Russian provincial city of those years. And the author between the lines reminded that it was already time to engage in reforms and destroy the negative consequences of borocraticism.

Writing the role of labor in human life

Probably, everyone knows such sayings: "Without difficult not to pull out and fish out of the pond," "Case and Labor Everything is a little", "What works, such and fruits"

Writing on the painting of Grabar Winter Landscape, Grade 6 (Description)

What a wonderful look saw the famous artist with his extremely unusual eyes and managed to display it using a unique combination of tones!

Georges Bengali in the Roman Master and Margarita Bulgakov Essay

The Bengalsky is known for all Moscow serves in the theater variety as an entertainer. This full, in childish, a cheerful man before the public appears slightly dressed: in the fruce and stupid shirt.

The writing

If the "provincial essays" the main arrows of satirical chill fell into provincial officials, then in the "stories of one city", Shchedrin rose to government tops: in the center of this work is a satirical image of the relationship between the people and power, the silica and their urchites. Saltykov-Shchedrin is convinced that the bureaucratic power is a consequence of "minority", civil immaturity of the people.
The story of the fictional city of Satirically illuminates the history of the fictional city of silly, even the exact dates of it are indicated: from 1731 to 1826. Any reader, Malo-kilsk familiar with Russian history, will see in the fantastic events and heroes of the Shchedrian Book of Otzvuki of the real historical events called the author of the period of time. But at the same time, Satir is constantly distracting the consciousness of the reader from direct historical parallels. In Shchedrin's book, it is not about some kind of narrow segment of domestic history, but about such its features that resist the flow of time that remain unchanged at different stages of domestic history. Satirik poses a dizzyfully bold goal - to create a holistic image of Russia, in which the century-old weaknesses of its history, decent satirical lighting of the indigenous defects of Russian state and public life are generalized.
In an effort to give the heroes and events of the "Story of one city", a generalized meaning, generin often resorts to anachronism - time mixing.
The story comes from the face of the fictional archivist of the era of the XVIII - early XIX century. But in his story, the facts and events of a later time, which he could not know were often intertwined. And generin, to draw the reader's attention to this, deliberately negotiates anachronism in the notes "from the publisher." Yes, and in silly city holders, the features of different states of different historical eras are summarized. But especially strange and bizarre from this point of view the image of the city of silly.
Even the appearance of his paradoxically contradictory. In one place, we learn that the tribes of the gangs founded it in the swamp, and elsewhere it is argued that "our native city of stupid has three rivers and, in agreement with the ancient Rome, on seven mountains, the great many crews broke into the Hollyeditsa" . No less paradoxical and its social characteristics. It is in front of readers in the form of a district settlement, it will take the appearance of the city of the province and even the metropolitan, and then suddenly will be wrapped by a dishwasted Russian village or a village, which is, as usual, its pasture for livestock, fenced with a typical rustic hedge. But only the borders of the silly pasture are adjacent to the borders ... Byzantine Empire! The fantastic and characteristics of the silly inhabitants are fantastic: at times they hide in the metropolitan or provincial citizens, but sometimes these "citizens" are plowing and sow, graze cattle and live in a rustic spruce, indoor straw. The characteristics of the silly authorities are as incaparing and the characteristics of the silly authorities are combined in themselves the habits typical of Russian kings and nobles, with actions and actions characteristic of a county government or rural elder.
How to explain these contradictions? What was the Saltykov required "The combination of incompatible, aligning incompatible"? One of the experts of Shchedrian Satire, D. Nikolaev, so answers this question: "In the" Stories of one city ", as it is already seen from the name of the book, we meet with one city, in one way. But this is an image that has absorbed into yourself. Signs of all cities at once. And not only the cities, but also sat down, and the villages. Moreover, there were an embodiment of the characteristic features of the entire autocratic state, the whole country. "
Working on the "history of one city", Shchedrin relies on his rich and versatile public service experience, on the works of the largest Russian historians: from Karamzin and Tatishchev to Kostomarov and Solovyov. The composition of the "History of one city" is a parody of the official historical monograph of the "history of the state of the Russian" Karamzin. In the first part of the book, there is a general essay of silly history, and in the second - description of the life and acts of the most prominent townsmen. That is how many modern generous historians built their works: they wrote the story of "kings." Parody of Shchedrin has a dramatic meaning: a silly story is otherwise not to write, the whole of it comes down to the change of the Samodur authorities, the masses remain lacking and passively with the submissive will of any urchites. The silly state began with a Grozny city community: "Standby!" The art of silver management has been consisting only in the diversity of the forms of this section: Some urchites are "absolutely" semis, others explain the spanking "requirements of civilization", and the third achieve the people who wish to be mistaken. In turn, only forms of humility change in the silly mass. In the first case, the ordinary people are inquisitive unconsciously, in the second - with the consciousness of their own benefit, and in the third, they are tested before the trembling, fulfilled confidence in the authorities! In addition, the city holders are given a brief characteristics of silly state people, the satirical image of the most stable negative features of Russian history is reproduced. Vasilisk Barodavkin widespread the mustard and the Persian chamomile, with which he entered the silly history. Onufriy Nedomaliev posted the streets paved by its predecessors and from the mined stone set up the monuments.
Interception-Zalijt burned the gymnasium and abolished science. Charters and circulars, the composition of which were famous for the diseases, bureaucratically regulate the life of the townships up to household smallers - "Charter about respectable pastries."
The lives of silly city holders opens the browny. In the head of this figure instead of the brain, something like a scarmer, having a periodically two rounds: "Place!" And "not tolerate!" So ridicurates generin bureaucratic brainlessness of Russian state power. To the Brudastoma is adjacent to another garde with an artificial head - pimple. He has a head stuffed, so the pimple is not able to administer, his motto is "relaxing-s". And although the fools sighed with the new bosses, the essence of their lives changed little: and in fact, and in another case the fate of the city was in the hands of brainless authorities.
When the "history of one city" was published, the criticism began to reproach Shchedrin in the distortion of life, in retreat from realism. But these reproaches were untenable. Grotesque and satirical fantasy from generrine do not distort true, but only bring to the paradox of the quality that any bureaucratic regime is in charge. The artistic exaggeration acts like a magnifying glass: it makes a secret explicit, exposes the essence of things hidden from the naked eye, enlarges the really existing evil. With the help of fiction and grotesque, generin often puts the exact diagnosis of social diseases that exist in the embryo and have not yet turned all the possibilities and "willingness", in them prisoners. Around these "willingness" to a logical end, to the size of the public epidemic, satirik acts as a serifice, joins forensics and forebodies. It is this, the prophetic meaning is contained in the image of the sulfur-burrurch, who has been crowned with the lives of silly town teams.

What is the despotic regime? What features of the people's life give rise to and nourish? "Stupid" in the book is a special order of things, the constituent element of which is not only the administration, but also the people are silly. The "stories of one city" gives an unparalleled satirical picture of the weaknesses of the national world of the world. Shchedrin shows that the folk mass is based on its politically naive, that it is characterized by an inexhaustible patience and blind faith in the superiors, in the supreme power.
"We are lovers!" They say silly. "We will undergo a lot. If we are taking everyone to get everyone in a bunch and fade from four ends - we are not a nasty word!" Energies, administrations they oppose the energy of inaction, "Bun" on the knees: "What do you do with us!" They said alone, "Khoshi - in pieces of slices, I do not agree with the porridge, and we disagree!" - "With us, brother, you wish you! - Others said, - we are not the fact that others who have covered with the body! Us, brother, and cross it." And stubbornly stood on the knees. "
When the fools are taken for the mind, then, "on the corramallical custom who brought it," or send a walker, or write a petition in the name of high bosses. "Iha, I was pulled out! - said old men, following the top three, who carried their request to the unknown Dal, - Now, the Atamans-Well done, to endure us for a long time!" And indeed, in the city there was quiet again; The fools did not make any new riots, but sat on the dumps and waited.
When the passage was asked: how are you? - they answered: "Now our business is true! Terecherica we, my brother, and paper filed!" In the satirical light, it appears from the pages of the Shchedrian book "The History of Silver Liberalism" (freightness) in the stories about Ionka Kozyrev, Ivashka Farafontev and Aleshka Alyushka. Beautiful dreaminess and complete practical helplessness are those of the characteristic signs of silly fretsolates, the fates of which are tragic. It is impossible to say that the fools do not sympathize with their intercessors. But in the very sympathy, they are swaying the same political naivety: "I suppose, Essaich, I suppose!" They accompanied in the Ostroga of the Pravddulubts, "you can live well everywhere!" "Old Jezeich disappeared from this minute, as if it was not in the world, disappeared without a balance, as they know how to disappear only" the prospectors of the "Russian Earth".
When, at the exit to the light of the "Stories of one city", Critic A. S. Suvorin began to reproach Satirik in mockery over the people, in an arrogant attitude towards him, Shchedrin answered: "My reviewer does not distinguish the people of historical, that is, the history of the people acting on the field As an embodiment, the idea of \u200b\u200bdemocracy. The first is evaluated and acquires sympathy as its ages. If it makes warthowkins and thieves-burroeva, then there can be no talk about sympathy ... As for the "people" in the sense of the second definition, this may not be Not to sympathize with this one that it is the beginning and the end of any individual activity. "
Note that the pictures of the folk life are still illuminated by generrine in a different tonality than the paintings of the city community. Laughter satiki here becomes bitter, contempt is replaced by secret sympathy. Based on the "soil of the people", generin strictly observes the boundaries of that satire that the people himself created on himself, the folklore is widely used.
The "History of one city" is completed with the symbolic picture of the death of sullen-burver. She comes at the moment when the feeling of shame began in the silly and began to awaken something similar to civil self-consciousness.
However, the painting of the rebellion causes a dual impression. This is not a thunderstorm, refreshing element, and "full anger", carriage from the north and eating "deaf, carcake sounds." As all the fucking, all the sweeping tornadow, the scary "it" turns into the horror and the thrill of the silly owners who falling NIC. This is the "Russian riot, meaningless and merciless", and not a conscious revolutionary coup.
Such a final convinces that Saltykov-Shchedrin felt the negative moments of the spontaneous revolutionary movement in the peasant country and warned against its destructive consequences. Ugryum-burver disappears in the air, without negotiating the well-known reader phrases: "Someone will come for me, which will be more terrible." This "Someone", judging by the "Opisi of Gradorovnikov,", - the interception-zalihkatsky, who drove into stupid winner ("on a white horse"!), I buried the gymnasium and abolished science! Satir is hinting that the natural perturbation may entail an even more reactionary and despotic regime that can already stop the "course of history" itself.
Nevertheless, the Book of Shchedrin in its depth is optimistic. The course of history can be terminated only for a while: this is evidenced by a symbolic episode for curling the River Ugryum-Burchev. It seems that the ruling idiot managed to ride the river, but her stream, twisted on the spot, still enthusiave:
"The remnants of the monumental dam in disarray flooded downstream, and the river was bored and moved in their shores." The meaning of this scene is obvious: sooner or later, a lively life will try his way and will be afraid of the despotic modes of sullen-burver and interception-grilling from the face of the Russian land.
Due to its cruelty and merciless, the satirical laughter of Generin in the "Story of the One City" has a great cleansing meaning. For a long time, ahead of his time, satiri expressed the complete inconsistency of the police-bureaucratic regime that existed in Russia. Shortly before the first Russian revolution, another writer, Lion Tolstoy, speaking about the modern public system, said: "I will die, maybe until it is still destroyed, but it will be destroyed, because it is already destroyed at the main half in the minds of people "

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