Lesson-thinking on the story of A. Plotonova "Yushka" "No goodness and compassion is no man ..." Platonov, Analysis of Works Yushka, Plan Yushka Analysis

Sections: Literature

Objectives lesson.

Educational: restore and deepen information about the biography of the writer;
develop the ability to give a characteristic of literary characters, the main character;
continue forming the skill of working with the textbook; Help the guys deeper to comprehend the content of the story.

Developing: Development of mental operations: analysis, generalization; speech development; Development of ability to formulate their thoughts.

Educational:relieve merciful attitude towards people and active civil position to what is happening around.

Equipment: Portrait of A. P. Platonova, Exhibition of Platonov's Books, Presentation.

During the classes

Love one person can
call talent in another
man or at least
Answer him to action.
This is a miracle I know ...
A. Platonov

I. Teacher's introductory word.

Guys! Today at the lesson we will continue our acquaintance with the Great Russian writer Andrei Platonovich Platonov. We will try to comprehend the content of the story "Yushka", which you read to today's lesson. We reflect on the nature of love for neighbor, about good and evil, I will identify those philosophical problems that the author puts in their work.

And let's start our conversation with reflections: why is a person born? How do you think? (Answers of students.) Listen to the opinion of the modern poet Dmitry Golubkov, as he reflects on the appointment of a person on Earth:

Man like a star born
Medium unclear, alarming
In infinity begins
And ends in infinity.
Generain is contemplated
A century over the age of the earth is unprecedented.
Man like a star is born
So that the universe has become lighter.

- In which strokes the poet expressed his opinion on the appointment of a person? (Answers of students.)

So many years ago a person was born who was destined to become a writer. This is Andrei Platonovich Platonov (climens) His name is a little familiar with the stories of Nikita, "in the beautiful and fierce world ...", "cow", "flower on earth". Platonic reworked folk tales, for example, the "Magic Ring", "Finist - Clear Falcon", etc.

We learned that a lot of things are important for Platonov: both animals and plants and nature. But the most important thing is a person who refers to everything in everything is nearby.

Life A. Platonova (Clementova A.P.) was short and difficult.

2. Post a student about Platonov.
Andrei Platonovich Platonov was born on September 1, 1899. Surname Platonov - pseudonym, formed in 1920 on behalf of the Father. Present his last name - climens.
Platonov was born in Voronezh, in the family of locksmith railway workshops. From the small years he knew poverty, poverty. Platonov's father around half a century worked as a driver of a locomotive, a mechanic on the railway. Mother was engaged in homework. The family was big, reached ten people, everyone lived for a small salary of the Father. Andrei is a senior child in the family. In incomplete 14 years, he begins labor activity, becomes a breadwinner, putting care for the family. "In addition to the field, the village, mother and bell tongue," he loved the "steam locomotives, a car, butting beep and sweaty work." Working Platonov "in many places, many owners." He was a handyman, a girlfriend, an assistant to the locomotive driver, a loaf, an electrician. These "universities" have formed non-uniforms Platonov to human needs. Hatering suffering, he in his youth gives an oath to live so as not to leave the suffering of places on Earth.
In the years of the Civil and Great Patriotic War, he was at the front as a military correspondent. In November 1944, Platonov arrived from the front with a heavy form of pulmonary tuberculosis. On January 5, 1951, he died from this disease. Buried in Moscow.

The works of A. Platonov were incomprehensible to many, so troubles were collapsed by him: criticism, misunderstanding, bans, searches. And only after death came confession. I wrote on different topics, but the main thing in the works of Platonova is the fate of a person, the search for the meaning of life: "I am a person, I live on a beautiful living earth ... I just want to be a man. A person for me is a rarity and holiday, "A. Platonov wrote.

Read the works of Platonic is not easy, as they require the work of thought and hearts. But we will try to live with his heroes a very short time. It is to live, in order to try to understand them, the author, and maybe themselves.

II. Work with text.

- And now we turn to platonova's story "Yushka"You have read home.
Guys, tell me who is the main hero of the story? Let's try to look at the jushia through the eyes of those who live next to him.
- How do people see people? What do you know about him? What do you think?

Before us is old on the sight of a man, weak, patient. "He was slightly tall and Hood; On a crossed face, instead of mustache and beard, rare gray hair grew separately; The eyes were white, like a blind man, And they always stood moisture, like not cooler tears. " For many years we carry out without shifts the same clothes resembling a rubbish. And his table is modest: he did not drink tea and the sugar did not buy. He is a girlfriend assistant at the main blacksmith, performs work imperceptible to an extraneous eye, although necessary.
He first goes in the morning in the forge and the latter leaves, so the old men and the old women have the beginning of the beginning and the end of the day.
But in the eyes of adults, fathers and mothers, Yushno - a man of flawed, who does not have to live, is abnormal, that's why they remember him, scolding children: they say, you will be like a Jushka.
In addition, every year, Yushka goes somewhere for a month and then returns.

- No one knows about him? What will never see Jushno?

Having left away from people, Jushia is transformed. He will open the world: the fragrance of herbs, the voice of rivers, the singing of birds, merry dragonfly, beetles, grasshoppers - lives in one breath, one lively joy with this world. We see Jushia cheerful and happy (it seems, and the disease has retreated).

Express. Reading the description of nature.

- How does this passage helps you understand the image of the Yushka?

(Yushka feels in nature much better than among people. He has no need to hide his "love for living beings.")

- And where does Jushnaya leave every summer?

Interestable in unknown residents of the city, as unknown his genuine name. For them, he is just a Jushka.

- Why do people hurt over yushki? What does he answer to offenders? Who is right?

The class is divided on groups; Each of them is offered by focusing on a specific episode, think about the questions that sounded. (Smartwork questions seePresentations.)

1. Meeting of the Yushka with children (students lead quotes and comments).

- How do children relate to him? What attracts children to Yushka?
- Why does Yushka not offended on them? Why children who are just starting to live and, mean, should not still learn how evil and hatred, torment Yushka? What do they expect from him?

(Territe, torment, mock, stretch, noticate, tyry.)

Try - 1. Obtain part. 2. Torture morally.

(1. Children do not give Yushka aisle, Donony by his shouts, blows, throwing stones and litter into him. But it's not angry, not hate to Yushka drives. They are waiting for a natural, normal reaction - evil in response to evil. - This is a manifestation of the norm. Moreover, evil for children is a source of joy and fun. Jushia joyfully responds to the joy of children, he is happy with his mind of his need. He understands that children are not to blame for the fact that there are no good in their life)

- How does Yushni explain the behavior of children? Do you agree with Yushka? What feelings do you have an episode tortured by children?

2. Meeting of Yushki with adults.
- How do adults belong to Sushka, more wise than children, people? Why and adults sometimes offend him? Why are their hearts filled with fastened raid at the sight of Yushka? What does Yushni meet them?

(Adults also take out in Yushka "evil grief and insult", the lute rage of the heart. They can not forgive Yushka to dislike him, silent meekness. "Be how everything", - that's what they require from Yushka.)

Children repeat the actions of the elders, whom Yushka annoys their unresoluteness on them. Evil Mountain or insanity with Lita fury was transferred to a defenseless person. The silence of the Yushki turned into his guilt, and his meekness led to a greater fierce. And even Dasha, sprawling Yushni, told him: "It would be better if you died!".

3. Yushka and Dasha girl.

- Is Yushka right, when does Dasha say that his people love?
- How do you feel about Dasha's words: "The heart is blind, and the eyes are silent! Love you in your heart, but beat for the calculation "?
- Yushka to objections to Dasha replied: "He loves me without a concept. Heart in people is blind". How do you understand this expression? (Opinions guys.)

"The blind heart" happens in a person who is not able to understand the other, sacrificing himself, to do good or even notice him, loving only himself, not experiencing pity and compassion to others.

- And how do you understand the word compassion?

"Compassion - pity, sympathy, excited by the unfortunate person"

Synonyms: sympathy, mercy, regret, participation, pity ...

4. Yushka and cheerful passerby.

- What prevented Jushka to a cheerful passion?

(Meeting with cheerful passersby, who robbed Yushka for the fact that he walks on earth, and wished him death, breaks tragically. No one is similar, Yushka seems to him unnecessary, superfluous in this world. And for the first time, the meek, silent, humble, not Silent, obes the offender.)

- We are already so accustomed to Yushka, they began to better understand him, how suddenly it happened to what everyone was waiting for, - Yushka stood out. Does this word happen? Platonic could use any close word - angry, got angry, angry, indignant. Why stuffed? (The word best corresponds to his image.)

- What happened to Sushka? Why did he dry, maybe the first time in his life?

Yushka is aware of his value in this world ("I live my parents, I was born according to the law, I also need the whole world ...".) Platonov talks about the pristine value of any human life, the uniqueness of every person ...

- Wanted cheerful passers around the death of Yushka?

III. Work with illustration.

Feeling taking place even more helps illustration of an artist to the story. What episode is depicted on it?

Conclusion: It is impossible to put himself above others, no one has the right to judge other people for dissolute, especially to mock and kill.

- All people came to say goodbye to Yushka. Perhaps someone's blind heart simply, let him briefly. " However, without Yushya, living was worse". Why?

- What memory did Yushka left about himself after his death?

Unfortunately, not always good wins in life. But good, love, according to Platonov, do not dry, do not leave the world with the death of man. After the death of Yushki passed years. In the city a long time forgot him. But Jushnaya raised to his small funds, refusing to himself in everything, Syrota, who, learned, became a doctor and helped people. Doctor is called the daughter of the good Yushka.

"Yes, it is thanks to the girl who a doctor in the city will learn the name of a person who was all familiar to Yushka, - Efim Dmitrievich.
Guys, do you know what the names of Efim and Dmitry mean? (Message prepared student.)

Yushka - it is blood, life-giving fluid. A significant loss of which threatens the organism with death.

Efim is a pious, benevolent, sacred.
Name Dmitry Ries to the name Demetra, the ancient Greek goddess of agriculture and fertility. Blagaging grains, which are not fertile soil of parental love, bring generous fruits of good.

And such a fruit of Andrei Platonov turned out to be an orphan girl who later became a doctor.

- In this way, what the most important topic is raising in his story A.P.Platonov? ( Theme of mercy, compassion for people.)
- And how do you understand the meaning of words mercy, sympathy, compassion, evil, good.
– Did you feel copyright to this hero? Does he blame someone in the death of Yushka? Does people condemn people for their cruelty?

(Platonov, undoubtedly loves his hero, regrets him, but leaves us, readers, the right to draw conclusions themselves. His will, the writer could change a lot in the story of the story. But even at the same time, Platon's tragic finals retains faith in the victory of humanity over inhumanity.)

– What feelings do you have a story?

However, the story causes not only a sense of pity, but also a perturbation of that cruel reality, people (children and adults), which are not available such elementary and necessary feelings like compassion, kindness.

– What does A. Platon give us?

A. Platonov teaches us pity and compassion, teaches to love and respect the person, empathize him grief and help him, see in every equal to himself, to understand him.

IV. Work with the statements of famous people.

- Read the proposed statements of famous people and try to choose the most suitable for our topic. Prove.

Respect in yourself and other human personality.
DI. Pisarev

The man smarter and kinder, the more he notices the good in people.
B. Pascal

Great souls suffer from suffering silently.
F. Shiller

Do not be indifferent, for the indifference is deadly for the soul of man.
M Gorky

"Old wisdom says: do not cry about the dead - we are crying about the soul and conscience."
V. Rasputin

"Love your neighbor, like yourself."
Bible

Summing up our conversation, I want you to understand that good germinates and gives its fruits. "So every kind brings and good fruits," the gospels say. Do not be blind, have a greasy heart, do not forget that there are people near you who need your help, your participation, compassion and sympathy ...

V. Homework

Write a mini-essay by one of the following:

1. Is it easy to be a merciful person?
2. What made me think about the story "Yushka".

Abstract of the open lesson of literature on the story of A.P Platonova "Yushka"

Topic: Moral problems in the story "Yushka". Analysis of the story.

Motivation.

The famous Master of Aphorisms Leonid Sukhorukov wondered: "What is better to cover: a problem or a way to her decision?" What do you think? What is this question? (problem). Why? (Contains conflict).

- And where are we faced with problems? What ways to solve problems do you know on literature? (Search for information, research, discussion, analysis). Today we will solve problems, put problematic questions)

Problem situation.

- Choose the door in which you would have entered. Difficult? Why? (No information, the availability of information is one of the solutions of the problem).

- And now, I think that you will be easier to choose. Choose the door and define the group in which you would like to work. How will you present your work?

Slide with a picture of 3 doors. Try now to choose and depending on who you want to be today in the lesson, distribute into groups: 1 - creative personalities, 2-researchers, 3-inventors.

Definition of the topic. Actualization.

- What kind of writer did we speak? Why from these lines Viktor Chalmaeva about Andrei Platonov I started a lesson? What can you say about Platonov? "Sad stubbornness, the sad will to life lives in the author, shyly his phenomenon in the world with an" apology "for his dissimilarity on others." (Because we will talk about Platonov today, the story "Yushka", in the image of Yushka you can see the worldview, the nature of the author himself)

Read the statements. What unites them? What statements would you attribute to the story?

What words require explanations?

Moral - Internal, spiritual qualities that are guided by a person.

Compassion - Pity, sympathy caused by anyone misfortune, grief.

Mercy- Willingness to help someone or forgive someone from compassion, humanity.

Is it possible to say that these statements affect moral problems?

Word the subject of the lesson.

Moral problems in the story "Yushka" Andrei Platonova.

1) "The meaning of life has only life to live for the sake of others" (A. Einstein)
2) "Evil breeds evil" (M.Yu. Lermontov)
3) "Compassion - there is a grief about someone else's misfortune" (Plutarch)
4) "Mercy is freedom to give anything about the whole soul" (unknown)
5) "Love your neighbor, like yourself" (Bible)

Analysis of the story "Yushka" Platonova.

- To identify these problems in the work in the story, what should we do?

What is this work? The main idea, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe story can be called? Not. Why? Because they did not analyze? Consequently, what tasks do we put in front of ourselves?

Why start the analysis?

- Why is this work called "Yushka"?

- Is this his real name?

- Why is the main character called Yushka?

- What assumptions may be about the appearance of this nickname? At home you should have found the definition of this word.

And there is also an assumption that the Yushni from the Word of Yurodny.

Yurodovy - people who took over from love for God and nearly one of the feats of Christian piety - the scientific of Christ. They not only voluntarily refused the convenience and benefits of the life of the earth, from the benefits of public life, from kinship of the closest and blood, but they took over the appearance of a crazy person.

What assumption will we choose? How do we prove the truth of our assumption? (Analyze the text, explore the name)

Today we have a lesson - a study that consists of two stages: 1 - a study of the nickname of the main character, 2 - discussion.

- What will be the subject of our research? (Hero himself, the image of Yushka, the attitude of people to him)

And what is an image? (appearance, character, attitude to it).

Usually, the nickname is given by such an external feature or nature characteristics. What do you think, for what signs Yushka gave such a nickname? (in appearance, qualities)

Fill out the table expressions from the text. Prepare a story about Yushka, but know that creative personality must present their story in creative form, researchers - in the form of reasoning, and inventors can build their story, based on the created formula, equation, algorithm, and the like

Fill the table. 3 min to work

- Let's discuss what you got. Read. Complete.

- Guys, what did you notice? What did Yushni looked like? And what person was? Do appearance and character relate?

Find the passage in which Yushka enjoys nature? Is it happy? Why?

Let's listen to the passage.

1 Group:The story of Yushka must be a creative character (drawing Association, poem).

2 Group: Story about Yushka in the form of reasoning.

3 Group: The story of Schuke is accompanied by an invented formula, equation, a geometric figure, etc.

— What conclusion can we do in the stories about Yushka? - Is it possible to relate appearance and character? What method is used? Why?

Guys, according to your work, we can conclude that the appearance of Yushka is opposed to its inner world. What technique here uses Plato? Why exactly this technique? (In order to oppose the inconspicuous appearance of the Yushka of his rich spiritual life).

Is it possible, according to the result of the analysis of the appearance and nature of the Yushhushka, to answer our question: why is the main character called Yushka?

You are given quotes from text. Read them carefully. Why these proposals are grouped this way?

1. Delicate dried branches from the ground, pebbles, sorce the grief and threw in the jushka.

2. Stick did not answer anything to children and was not offended by them; He walked as quiet as before.

1.U Adults were evil mountain or resentment, or they were drunk, then their heart was filled with fury. Seeing the jewel who went into the forge or to the yard for the night, the adult was talking to him, was convinced that Yushka was guilty of everything, and beat him.

2.yushka did not hide her more love for living beings. He was leaning towards Earth and kissed flowers, trying not to breathe on them, so that they would not spoil from his breath.

1. Would you die, or maybe, maybe it would be more fun without you, otherwise I'm afraid to miss ...

2. I'd live my parents, I was born according to the law, I also need the whole world, like you, without me, it means, it is impossible ...

Conclusion: they are opposed to each other. How? What?

(These proposals can be divided into 3 groups: Jushnaya and children, good Yushki and evil adults, death and life; Match 1-2.3-4.5-6 children and Yushni, evil people - good Yushki, death and life) .

What reception here again uses Platonov? (Again opposes juice people) What kind of opposition can you still find?

- How do people call Yushka? (Blazy, Brother, unsuitable, God's scarecrow)

Does the hypothesis become a fact?

- Guys, try to answer the question: why after the death of the Yushka people began to live worse?

Compare: Some of Platonov's creativity researchers writes: "Yushka is the embodiment of good, his loss is as detrimental for people as the loss of blood."

Do you agree with this?

Why does hero himself call himself a yuchka? Why did Platonic chosen the name Yushka for his hero? There are no unambiguous responses to these questions: the hypothesis remains a hypothesis.

- Does your attitude towards Yushka coincide with the attitude of people or the author to him?

Address to dictionary

Celent-blank, unbalanced, crazy, unsuitable.

Yurody - Yurody.

Yreeny - Especially, persistent; Madness with a gift of privacy.

Unsuitable - such that cannot be used for anything

- Guys, do you have any questions that you would like to discuss?

What a homogeneous definition of you Ba inserted: ignorant and ............................. Look like Platonov.

I have a question for you: "Why in the sentence" And people thought that in the far village lives Yushkina Favorite daughter, the same kindly and deprived of people like a father "The writer uses such an adjective? How do you understand these lines? What will we come to if good people in this world be superfluous? (The daughter of the Yushki is the same kindly as Yushnaya, which means that the people are superfluous among people, but the necessary Yushka. The lordhood turns out to be overcome thanks to love, Yushka lives in order for girls to know what is needed in this world, so it will continue his business Father: Create good).

What are the main words to say Yushka? Do you agree with them?

- What is the idea of \u200b\u200bthis story? What moral problems can be revealed?

What feelings did the lesson caused? What conclusions do you do? Who would you like to celebrate from the guys? 10 min

Reflection.

- Inventors I propose to create synkwein: write down the noun, in the next line two adjectives or communities that would describe the noun, 3 verbs, 4 words personal relationship, creative personalities to compose a poem, and researchers answer which of the moral problems is more deeply considered.

"Chekhov:" Someone with a hammer should stand behind the door of a happy man, constantly knocking and reminding that there are unfortunate, and that after a short happiness, misfortune occurs. "

"Gooseberry", 1898

- Photos you will see, photos of children of our child's house. They, too, like Yushni, should be someone needed.

Homework to choose from:

1. Maintain someone already committed good actions and wants to write about it in mini-essay "How my love helped another person." What real action can our lesson make?

2. Organize the project of helping the house of the child of our city.

3. Answer the question: one of the heroes of Bulgakov said "evil people does not happen." Do you agree with this statement?

Teacher's word:

I want to shout to people:

"Be generously on her affection!"

The path of man is difficult

Little looks like a fairy tale.

As a scopeid coin,

Caress do not hide, people

Let it be kind

Always shine will be.

Each of us is needed.

I also need the whole world ...

Estimated tasks.

1 Group: Determine whether all these questions are configured on the subject of this text and are problematic. Choose one question and answer it.

Then the children again pushed the jushku and threw the worst of the land in him, "let him be better angry, since he really lives in the world. But Jushka walked and silent. Then the children themselves began to be angry with the Jushku. They were boring and bad to play if the Jushka is always silent, does not scare them and does not chase them. And they even stronger the old man and shouted in him, so that he recalled them evil and cheated them. Then they would run away from him and in the fright, in joy again would tease him from published and called to themselves, fleeing then hiding in dusk in the evening, in the Song of the houses, in the thicket of gardens and gardens. But Yushka did not touch them and did not answer them.

When the children stayed at all, or did it too hurt, he spoke to them:

- What are you, my relatives, what are you, small! .. You must have love me! .. Why do I need me everyone? .. You don't need to touch me, you fell into the earth's eyes, I do not see me.

Children did not hear and did not understand him. They still pushed Yushni and laughed at him. They rejoiced to the fact that you can do everything that you want, and he does nothing.

Yushka also rejoiced. He knew why children laugh at him and torment him. He believed that the children love him that he was needed by him, only they could not love a person and did not know what to do for love, and therefore tormented him.

"Why do children who just begin to live and, mean, should not still learn evil and hatred," torment "Jushka?"

- Why did Yushka happy with the children when they mocked them? (Yushka is glad from the consciousness of his need, he thought that his children were from love "tormented", they do not know how to love)

-Why do children wait for another reaction from the Yushka? (For children to answer evil evil normally)

- What is the source of joy and fun for children? (evil)

2 Group: Determine whether all these questions are compliant on the subject of this text and are problematic. Choose one question and answer it.

And after a conversation, during which Yushka was silent, an adult was convinced that Yushnaya was to blame for everything, and immediately beat him. From the meekness of the Yushka, an adult came to the fierce and beat him more than he wanted first, and in this evil forgot his grief for a while.

Yushka then lay in dust on the road for a long time. Waking up, he got up himself, and sometimes he came to the daughter of the host of the forge, she raised him and took it with him.

- It would be better if you died, Yushka, - said the master's daughter. - Why do you live?

Yushka looked at her with surprise. He did not understand why he would die when he was born to live.

- This is the father of my mother gave birth to me, their will was, "answered Yushka," I can't die, and I help your father in the forge.

- Another would have been found on your place, the assistant what!

- Me, Dasha, people love!

Dasha laughed.

- You now have blood on the cheek, and last week they broke your ear, and you say - the people love you! ..

- He loves me without a concept, "said Yushka. - The heart in people is blind.

- The heart is blind in them, but they have vigorous eyes! - uttered Dasha. - Go more like that! They love them to heart, but beat you by calculation.

- By the calculation, they are angry with me, it's true, "Jushia agreed. - They don't go to me street and the body is cripped.

"Why does Yushka confident that people love him, despite the fact that they endured the resentment from them?"

- Why are people so cruel to Sushka?

- Platonic wrote that he beat the evil - is it to beat children? How do you understand this statement?

- Why Dasha, who helps Yushka, also doubts his "need"?

- Why after the death of Yushchi people began to live worse? People began to live worse, because all the evil remained among people who had no whom to take their evil, evil grief and insult.

3 Group: Determine whether all these questions are compliant on the subject of this text and are problematic. Choose one question and answer it.

In June or August, Yushku put on the shoulders of Kotomka with bread and left our city. In the way, he was breathing with the fragrance of herbs and forests, looked at white clouds, born in the sky floating and dying in bright air heat, listened to the voice of rivers murdering on stone counters, and the sore chest of Yushni rested, he no longer felt his ailment - Chakhotka. Having left far, where it was completely surprising, Yushka did not hide her more love for living beings. He was leaning toward the land and kissed flowers, trying not to breathe on them, so that they did not deteriorate from his breath, he stroked his bark on the trees and raised with the paths of butterflies and beetles who fell dead, and long peered into their faces, feeling without them orphaned. But living birds sang in the sky, dragonflies, beetles and workers' blacksmiths published cheerful sounds in the grass, and therefore, in the soul, the Yushki was easily, in his chest it was a sweet air of flowers smelling moisture and sunlight.

On the way, Yushka rested. He sat down in the shadow of a gauge and dreamed alone and warm. Resting, having swollen in the field, he did not remember more about the disease and walked fun next, like a healthy person. Yushka was forty years from the family, but the disease has long been tormented by him and aforecent time, so he seemed to everyone.

- Why does Yushni feel happy in nature?

- Why did Yushka felt without "butterflies and beetles" orphaned? Why does Plato use here exactly the word "orphaned"? (He felt that even from this little loss, the world became incomplete).

I have a problematic question for you too.

- Why in the proposal "And people thought that Yushkina's favorite daughter lives in the far village, the same neckless and superfluous People like Father »Dedicated words are homogeneous definitions? (The daughter of the Yushki is the same non-relieved, which means that it is superfluous among people, but the necessary Yushka. Lidost is overcome thanks to love, Yushnaya lives so that the girl knows what is needed in this world, so it will continue his father's work: to create good).

- How did Yushka understand the meaning of his existence? For the sake of another person, for the sake of a girl who began to work by a doctor, help people. For the sake of other people, he loves everyone and everyone. And the people did not understand this, prevented themselves to love themselves.

- What would mean for you: Live like Yushka? Why? Moral problems arise, because people cannot establish equality between themselves, remember the cheerful passerby, who spoke Yushka that he had no right to equate him with him.

- What is the idea of \u200b\u200bthis story?

- Are such people need in life?

What feelings did the lesson caused? What conclusions do you do?

- Sinwen: Write down the noun, in the next line two adjectives or communities that would describe the noun, 3 verbs, 4 words personal attitude.

Chekhov: "Someone should stand behind the door of a happy man, constantly knocking and reminding that there are unfortunate, and that after a short happiness it comes in misfortune."

"Gooseberry", 1898

The photos you will see, photos of children of our child's house. They, too, like Yushni, should be someone needed.

Homework: 1. Maybe someone has already performed good actions and wants to write about it in mini-essay "How my love helped another person." What real action can our lesson make? 2. Organize the project of helping the house of the child of our city.

I want to shout to people:

“Be generously on the affection! "

The path of man is difficult

Little looks like a fairy tale.

As a scopeid coin,

Caress do not hide, people

Let it be kind

Always shine will be.

Each of us is needed.

I also need the whole world ...

-One from the heroes of Bulgakov said "evil people does not happen." Do you agree with this statement?

The story "Yushka" was written by Platonov in the first half of the 30s, and published only after the death of the writer, in 1966, in favorites.

Literary direction and genre

"Yushka" is a story revealing on several pages the image of the thoughts of the population of a whole town and the mentality of a person as such.

In the work of an unexpected end associated with the arrival of the orphan city learned to the doctor. This ending makes a story look like a novel. There is in the work and similarity with the parable, if you perceive the ending as a morality showing true charity.

Topic, main idea and problem

The topic of the story is the nature of good and evil, mercy and cruelty, the beauty of the human soul. The main idea can be expressed immediately by several biblical truths: we need to create a good one; Human hearts of Lukava and are extremely spoiled, so people do not know what they are doing; You need to love your neighbor, like yourself. The story of the story is also associated with morality. Platonov raises the problem of prosecuting, contempt and cruelty to unlike all. One of the most important problems is the moral dead of the heroes, the opposed moral liveliness of the Yushki, although the children doubt just in his lively.

Plot and composition

The story of the story happens "in the old time." Such a reference to the past makes the story of almost a fairy tale starting from the words "in some kingdom there were lived." That is, the hero of the story is immediately represented as a universal timeless hero, in which the moral landmarks of humanity are embodied.

Assistant Kuzneza Yushka, over which all residents of the city laugh as a meekly and unrequited, every summer leaves for a month. According to him, then to the niece, then to another relative in the village or to Moscow. That year, when Yushka did not go anywhere, feeling very bad, he died, shot down from the feet the next mockery.

In the fall in the city there was an orphan, which Jushno fed all his life and taught. The girl came to cure her benefactor from tuberculosis. She stayed in the city and has devoted selfless help to the patient.

Heroes

The story is named by the name of the main character. Yushka is not a nickname, as many readers think, and the diminitious name, which in the Voronezh province was formed from the Yuzhrusus version of the Yefim - Yuhim. But the word yushka. In the same South Russian dialect means liquid food like a soup, generally liquid and even blood. Thus, the name of the hero is like saying. It hints at the hero's ability to adapt to the hard evil peace, as the water adapts to the form of the vessel. And also the name is a hint of the death of the hero, who deceased from the opening bleeding, is obviously provoked by a blow to the chest.

Yushka - Assistant Kuznez. Now a person who performs such work, "which had to be done," would be called inherring. Its age is defined as "old on appearance." Only in the middle of the story, the reader finds out that Yushka was 40 years old, and he was weak and old ones due to illness.

The story turned out to be prophetic and for Platonov himself, who died of tuberculosis, infected from his son in 15 years and released after 2.5 years already seriously ill.

In the portrait of the Yushka, his thinness and low growth are underlined. Especially highlighted eyes, whites, like a blind man, with constantly tears that stand in them. This image is not accidental: Yushka sees the world does not like it in fact. He does not notice the evil, considering it by manifestation of love, and as if the ever cries about the needs of others.

Yushka is similar to the blissful, which Russian people were represented. The only difference is that blessed was not accepted to offend. But the Jushki humiliate and beat, calling not blissful, and blessed, unlike, animals, God's chucks, Yerrodish. And they demand that the Jushno looks like them, lived like everything.

Yushka considers all people equal "on need." He accidentally kills a fellow villagers just because he dares to equose himself with him.

The hero is correlated even with Christ, who suffered for the people, preteraging torment. When Roman soldiers were killed over Christ, he was silent, not explaining anything to them. But even more like the Jushnaya Hero of Roman Bulgakov, written by a little later, "Yushka", in 1937 Yeshua, unlike biblical Jesus, actively justifies offenders, calling their good people. So, Jushia calls offending his children with their own, small.

Yushka believes that he needs both children and adults. It would seem that he mistakenly concludes that children and adults need him because they love him. But after years it becomes clear that he really loved, just without knowing how to express her love, no need for him. Namely, I thought Yushka, who was offended.

Like many blessed, Yushka costs small. Its tiny income (seven rubles and sixty kopecks per month) Yushka does not spend on tea and sugar, pleaseing the simple free eartle of the blacksmith - bread, sch) and porridge. The same as simple and clothing of the Yushka, which for all the years as if it does not wear out, remaining uniformly dilapidated and holey, but fulfilling its purpose.

People offended Jushni because in the hearts of people "Line rage", "Evil Mountain and Resentment". The meekness of the Yushka is opposed to the aggression of people provoked by their grief, whose culprit everyone considers Yushka.

To Yushka Dovasha, daughter Kuznez. She is trying to explain to Yushka that no one loves him that his life is in vain. But Jushka knows why he lives: according to the will of his parents and for the purpose of which he does not speak anyone, as well as his love for everything else.

Yushka does not need people as they are in it, but, going into deserted places, Yushka experienced unity with nature. He felt orphaned even from the death of the beetle or bug. It was the living nature that healed the hero, giving him strength.

After death, Yushka shares the fate of many of the oborudy and saints. Founding his corpse, the joiner immediately asks for forgiveness: "People rejected you". All the people came to say goodbye. But then Jushia forgot, how to forget the usual people, and the oborudy, and saints. Lonely Jushnaya turned out to be a benefactor, giving the people the one that began to take care of him - an arrow-tedder, who had learned to his money became a doctor. It is called the daughter of a good Yushka, not remembering him.

Features style

The story has traditional motives for Platonov. One of them is the motive of death. Children doubt that Yushka is alive, because he does not answer evil on their evil.

The landscape in the story reveals the source of the hero's soul forces. Unlike people drawing energy from the pleasure of offend the weak, the Yushnaya weak supported and perceived himself as part of nature. Strange Platonic Expression "Faces of Zhukov", occurring in other works, shows that the nature of Yushka perceived as equal to himself, humanitating her.

Platonov creates a convincing image of happiness, which happens to people in spite of their evil actions. The life of the writer was largely like his hero's life: heavy ungrateful work, in which he put the soul, and premature death from illness.

Andrei Platonovich Platonov ... A person, the following humanistic ideals adamoresly. The story "Yushka" - confirmation of this. The brief content of Platonov "Yushka" is the subject of this article.

The reason for this is several factors. On the one hand, a special creative style, where inversion play a significant role. As is known, inversion is a change in the classic order of the words in the presentation. To a considerable extent, this artistic technique characterizes the style of any author. Platonic, according to literary critov, reached the heights of unprecedented.

On the other hand, the principal waste of the writer from (the leading method of the USSR literature). He preferred to be non-public and designed, but the traditional Russian literature of the late XIX century continued its creativity. The author's style of Platonova was formed not under the influence of party congresses, but thanks to the thick.

Whether today is relevant

It is obvious that the brief content of Platonov "Yushka" written by us displays in a more compressed and concise form than the original story, the personality of the main character - the Yurody Male is forty on the street nickname, Yushka. Yushka is the obsolete insert in this word in Russia called the blessed, whims. Why did Andrei Platonov chose exactly so atypical for the character for the Iron XX century? Obviously, because it considers the topic of whores for Russia who did not exhaust themselves who did not fulfill its mission, undeservedly rejected by pragmatic society.

On the one hand, the notorious everyday common sense depicts an uncomfortable fool-free fool with an unfortunate fool. However, this is only the outside. It is much more important in awareness of the essence of whitewashing its essence: it is a voluntary, assumed by his adept martyrdom hiding his secret virtue. Perhaps this essence to a certain extent expresses the well-known phrase from the Gospel of Matthew: that good should be done secretly, so that the right hand does not know what the left is doing.

Portrait of Efim Dmitrievich - Yushka

Much in this story is told therefore, and we are in relevant for the writer initially abstract from the present time and will argue that the events described in it occurred in ancient times. From this, actually, our short retelling begins.

Platonova "Yushka" tells us about the pictured lonely peasant Efim Dmitrievich (which, in fact, is practically and not called the patronymic), who prematurely constituted, with rare gray hair where the adult men usually grieve mustache and beard. He was wondering in the same thing, did not shoot clothes for months. In the summer, there was a gray shirt and wrapped, famous by the sparks of Kuznetsky Horn pants. In the winter, he pounced on top of all the above-mentioned old Toulup, left him late father.

The brief content of Platonov "Yushka" introduces us with a single forty-male man: untidy, outwardly looking much older than their age. The reason for this is a severe, deadly disease. He is sick with tuberculosis, wrinkled face - the face of the old man. Yushki's eyes are constantly driving and have a whitish shade. Under this, let's say, a wonderful soul is hidden by miserable appearance. According to the writer, it is precisely such as an oarrday juice who know how to love the whole world and even people who mumble over them and bringing them to them are capable of changing the whole world.

Work on the forge

The Jushka always got up to work, and went to the forge when the rest of people only woke up. In the morning he lied in the forge the necessary coal, water, sand. Like a girlish rustic blacksmith, in the circle of his duties it was to keep the gland ticks, while the blacksmith had a koval. At the same time, he watched fire in the horn, brought everything you need to the blacksmith, managed with horses that were led to cut.

The main character is not a dependent. Despite the fatally dangerous disease, he earns his hard work for the disclosure of the image it is important to make this circumstance in the summary of the story "Yushka" Platonov. He works as an assistant for a blacksmith.

Hold heavy metal billets with ticks, for which at that time heats a heavy hammer of the blacksmith ... be under the influence of high temperature of the fool ... perhaps, such work and is not clear for a sick person. However, the Yurozhny Yushka does not pour. He is very worthy of carrying his burden.

Horses, even leaving, whom he set up, for some reason he always had heard. Of course, you should read the entire Platonic story to feel how much the harmonious and one-piece this unusual person. There will be no such impression if you read only a brief retelling ..

Platonova "Yushka" tells about the solitude of the hero. His parents died, he did not start his family, there was no one at home. Efim Dmitrievich lived at the kitchen of the blacksmith, using the location of the latter. By mutual agreement, the food was included in the payment of his labor. However, tea and sugar were a separate cost of expenses. They should have been Efim Dmitrievich to buy himself. However, a peasant peasant was drinking water drinking money.

People's cruelty to Sushka

A quiet lonely labor life lived our hero, as evidenced by our short story. Platonova "Yushka" also tells us about the inappropriate case of cruelty of people and even their children in relation to Efim Dmitrievich.

Some kind of pathological need to create an unrequited evil ... Quiet, not violence, the timid Yushka never gave feedback to his offenders, did not even shout on them, did not swear. He was like a grossival for evil accumulating in people. His killed and beat the stones for nothing even children. What for? To raise over this unrequited beggar and good man? So that throwing out the load of my own lowness, to be cleaned and already communicated with other people worthy? To feel your power over a person who despise the laws of a carriage?

When children throwing stones in him, angry for his unrequency, they caught up and stopped him, began to pursuer, shout, he only smiled. A brief story of Platonova "Yushka" shows a special attitude of the oborudy to what is happening. It does not even have the shadow of response aggression. On the contrary, he sympathizes to children! He believed that they actually love him that they need to communicate with him, only they simply do not know what should be done for love.

Unfortunately, adults were even more crueling, obviously, to her impunity. A beaten Jushnaya, with blood on the cheek, with a needed ear, rose from road dust and walked into a forge.

It was like martyrdom: daily beats ... did the tormentors of this patient and an unfortunate person, as far as they are low!

"Yushka" Platonova as analogue of "Mocking" Harper Lee

Recall, conducting a conditional parallel, the work of the classical American literature "kill the casting". In it, the unfortunate, defenseless person is still gentle. He is generously freed from those who hung over him and inevitable violence. The people around him are sure: it is impossible to act cruelly. This means - to take sin on the soul, it doesn't care how to kill the crossbar - a small, gullible, defenseless bird.

A completely different story displays our brief content of the story "Yushka" Platonov. Yurodivaya brutally beat, humiliate, mock.

He lived the hard life of the outcast in his own homeland. Why? For what?

That in the image of Efim Dmitrievich is close personally for A. Platonov

I distrace the story of the story. Let us ask yourself about why Andrey Platonov so penetratingly managed to create a living image of the Russian yurody? Because, in essence, speaking, the outcast was in my homeland and he himself. The Russian mass reader was able to familiarize himself with his works only thirty years after the tragic death of the writer in 1951.

Undoubtedly, Andrei Platonov himself screens up the mouth of his octive hero, trying to convince not recognizing his talent society with the mouth of this martyr in the fact that people are needed by all sorts, that everything is valuable, and not just "walking in foot". He calls for tolerance, mercy.

How jushi fought with a disease

Yushka is seriously ill, and he knows that it is not to be a long-liver to him ... Yurior was forced every summer to leave for a month from the blacksmith. He drove from the city to the far village, from where he was coming and where his relatives lived.

There, Efim Dmitrievich, leaning over the Earth, eagerly inhaled the smell of herbs, hesitated the banner of the rivers, looked at the snow-white clouds on the blue-blue sky. The story of A.P.Platonova "Yushka" very penetratively talks about how a deadly sick person is looking for protection from nature: breathing of the la as the land, enjoying the gentle rays of the sun. However, every year the disease becomes increasingly merciless to him ...

Returning to the city, after nature therapy, not feeling pain in the lungs, he was taken for blacksmithing work.

Death

While the fatal summer, at the time, when he had just had to leave for a month and to improve, in the evening, on the road from the forge, he was met by one of his tormentors, embraced by an obvious desire to humiliate and beat this blessed.

The story of Platonova "Yushka" describes terrible events that led to the death of the yurody. Initially, the tormentor deliberately provoked the unfortunate word, arguing about the uselessness of his existence. This dirty false lies answered fairly and wisely. It was the first in life of his worthy answer to the offender, in which the real wisdom was sounded, a kindness, an understanding of the place of each person in God's world. Scoundrel obviously did not expect such words from the oborudy. He, being not able to argue against the simple and clear truth, which sounded from the mouth of the yurody, in response, with all his might pushed the unfortunate, tormented by terrible ailment. Yushka hit the ground with a breast, extended by tuberculosis, and as a result it happened irreparable: more Efima Dmitrievich was not destined to rise, he died on the same place where he fell ...

Philosophical meaning of the death of Yushka

Hero A. Platonova Yushka takes death martyr, defending his place under the sun, his views on God's peace. And it is touching. Recall the analogy from the novel "Dr. Zhivago", where the idea sounds that the ideal of this world can be a trainer with a breaking beach in his hand, but they are becoming a martyr, sissing ... Only he is given to change this world. This is how Efim Dmitrievich dies in a fair God's device with faith in a fair God's device. How can still affect the death of one of the wonderful person to the world around him? .. Platonov speaks about it, then developing the plot.

Nobility lesson

To donate to everyone ... Analysis of the story "Yushka" Platonova shows that it is this last part of the story that the most relief shows the justice of the last words of the deceased that he "needs the world that without him - it is impossible ...".

Autumn has come. Somehow a young lady with a clean face and large gray eyes, in which tears seemed to have stood in the blacksmith. She asked if Efim Dmitrievich could see? At first, the owners embraced a tear. Like which Efim Dmitrievich? I did not hear a layer! But then they guessed: is it not Yushya? The girl confirmed: Yes, indeed, Efim Dmitrievich spoke so about himself. True, which the guest told guests, shook the blacksmith. Her, Rustic Syrotot, Efim Dmitrievich once placed in the Moscow family, and then - to school with a guesthouse, he spent her annually, making money for a year of study. Then the efforts of the yurody girl received a diploma of a doctor of Moscow University. This summer, her benefactor did not come to see her. Concerned, she herself decided to find Efim Dmitrievich.

The blacksmith spent her in the cemetery. The girl was crying, turning to the ground, and for a long time was at the grave of her benefactor. Next, she came to this city forever. Settled here and worked as a doctor in a tuberculosis hospital. She gained a good glory in the city, became "her". She was called the "daughter of good juicy", though, however, those who called, did not remember who this very juice was.

Optical author of "Yushka"

What do you think, what in Soviet times could deserve a literary review "Yushka"? Platonov, at their essence, was a man sincere, one-piece. Having perceived the arrival of Soviet power first with enthusiasm (he always sympathized with the poor and ordinary people), an eighteen-year-old young man soon realized that the Bolsheviks came to power, often hiding behind the revolutionary phrase, they do that it was not at all coming to the benefit of the people.

Not being able to reptile before the government, this writer extremely honestly puts out what he thinks that he feels.

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin at that time personally tracked the "ideological excerpt" of Soviet writers. Having read the Platonovsky story "The Bednyatskaya Chronicle", "Father of Peoples" right on it did his review - "Kulack Chronicle!" And then added a personal brief description of the writer himself - "Baby" ...

No need to guess for a long time to understand however in the Soviet press I received feedback "Yushka". Platonov, of course, felt a suspicious attitude of power to himself. He could come on a thousand times with the opponent, "work out", "correlated", writing in the spirit of socialist realism about his ideological opponents, while imagining her bread pressing.

No, he did not bow his head, did not change the high literature created by Russian classics. He was published until the 80s of the last century mainly abroad. In 1836, in American Almana, under the heading "The Best Works" came out of his "Third Son", by the way, in the same category they published an early work of Hemingway. There he was really recognized in essence of his talent, the successor to search for the soul, a student of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky.

Output

Literary critues, speaking of the continuation in the Soviet literature of traditions laid down by classics (L.N. Tolstov, F.M.Dostoevsky), and the Andrey Platonovich Platonova consistently mentioned.

What does this writer characterize this writer? Refusal to everybody. The desire to know and show your world to your reader in all its beauty. At the same time, the writer feels the harmony of all things. With particular respect, he reveals images of people, sometimes modest and invisible, but really making this world better, cleaner.

To feel the artistic style of this author and enjoy them, we recommend you to read the story that Andrei Platonov wrote - "Yushka".

Analysis of the work

The genre of the work is a story. The main character is a girlish blacksmith Yushka. The story is the story of his difficult life.

The string of work is a description of the life of Yushni, his work in the forge. With the development of action, the reader finds out how surrounding people belongs to Yushka, and even the fact that Yushku has some relatives to which he leaves every summer. Culmination - a dispute with drunk passersby and the death of Yushka. An isolation - the arrival of the adopted daughter of Yushki and the story about her further fate.

In his books, Platonov does not describe extreme situations and extraordinary deeds, the heroes of his works enter ordinary household relations. Based on these relationships, the writer is trying to look deeper into the human soul, to hurt the strings not yet touched. Heroes of his works are ordinary people, people of labor. Here and the hero of this story is a subframe blacksmith, who was the subject of universal ridicule, moving in hatred. The whole life of this man was held in work.

Jushka killed. Made it because of his scented angry random drunk passerby. After the death of Yushka, however, began to notice that he was missing everyone.

That kind of innobility disappeared, the embodiment of which he was. Walked and meekness disappeared. The fact that people of this kind are carriers of true human values, for some reason it becomes clear only after they leave us.

At the end of the story, we learn that Yushnaya left behind the same good man - a sirota girl learned to the money clustered and became a doctor, dinner and notably helping the patient. Here is a paradox: Yushka lacked the understanding and compassion of people, and his receptional daughter generously carried their people.

There are not so many of such people like Jushnaya. The main problem raised by the writer is that people do not smear anger on such people, their life failures, accumulated over many years inexplicable hatred. Attitude towards people requiring compassion is the indicator of human consistency as a carrier of high moral qualities.

Plan

1. Portrait of a Yushka and a story about what his work consisted.

2. His financial situation.

3. Children's attitude to Sushka.

4. Adults, too, like children, offend and cripples.

5. Every summer, Yushka takes a vacation and goes somewhere for a month.

6. Yushka began to weaken and this year did not go anywhere.

7. Random passerby kills Yushka.

8. To say goodbye to a person whom they tormented, everyone come.

9. After the death of Yushka, life has changed.

10. A receptional daughter of Yushka arrived, began to search for him and told, where he went to every summer.

11. Heoring, the girl remained forever in this city in order to work by a doctor.