Description of the painting V.G

Vasily Perov.
Portrait of the writer Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.
1872. Canvas, oil.
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia.

In the portrait of F. M. Dostoevsky Perov simply and accurately expressed a psychological state, which reports the verbal formula "to go to ourselves." The figure, as if compressed in the dark canvas space, is shown a little on top and side. Rotate the head, closed facial features, the look, asked in an invisible point outside the picture, create a feeling of deep concentration, "suffering" of thoughts. The hands are nervously clicked on the knee - remarkably found and, as you know, a gesture characteristic of the writer, a closure composition, serves as a sign of internal tension. Painting Perov is deprived of coloring effects, it is hardly unitage in working out the details, however, the desire to convince a simple truth of the fact. But here we have a "fact" of a special kind: knowing who is depicted in the portrait, it can be understood that it is hidden for the external asceticism of the image.

Judging by the review A. Dostoevskaya, Perov "managed to notice the most characteristic expression in the face of the husband, exactly who Fedor Mikhailovich had when he was immersed in his artistic thoughts. It would be possible to say that Perov caught in the portrait "A minute of Dostoevsky's Creativity". "

In May 1872, V. G. Perov specially traveled to Petersburg to write a portrait of F. M. Dostoevsky on the task of Tretyakov.

"Sessions were few and short, but Perov was inspired by the task before him. It is known that Tretyakov belonged to Dostoevsky with special love. Perov writer was largely close. Sobbly reports that Perov most appreciated the novel "Crime and Punishment." And the artist created a portrait picture. She was so convincing that for future generations, the image of Dostoevsky, as it were, merged with the portrait of Perov. At the same time, the portrait remained a historical monument of a certain era, a turning point and difficult when a thinking person was looking for solutions to major social issues. Dostoevsky in the year of writing a portrait was fifty-year-old. In 1871-1872, he worked on the novel "demons", in 1868 he was written "Idiot".

Portrait is executed in a single grayish-brown tone. Dostoevsky sits on a chair, turning into three quarters, putting his leg on his leg and squeezing his knee with hands with intertwined fingers. The figure is gently sinking in the twilight of the dark background and thus distinguished from the viewer. From the sides and in particular above the head of Dostoevsky, a significant free space is left. This is even more pushing it deep into and closes. From the dark background plasticized the pale face. Dostoevsky dressed in an unbutton gray jacket from a good heavy matter. With brown trousers in a black strip, hand brushes are made. Perov in the portrait of Dostoevsky managed to portray a person who felt alone with himself. He is fully immersed in his thoughts. The look was in-depth. A thin face with finely traced black and white transitions allows you to clearly perceive the structure of the head. Dark blond hair does not violate the main gamut of the portrait.

In colorful attitude, it is interesting to note that the gray color of the jacket is perceived precisely as color and at the same time transmits the texture of matter. It shall with a stain of a white shirt and black in a red tie redstock.

Portrait of Dostoevsky and contemporaries was rather evaluated and considered the best portraits of Perov. Known review about him Kramsky: "Character, the strength of expression, a huge relief<...> The determination of shadows and some, as it were, the sharpness and energy of the contours, always inherent in its paintings, are softened in this portrait by an amazing flavor and harmony of tones. " Cram's review is all the more interesting, that the work of Perov as a whole he treated critically. "

Lyascovskaya OL V.G. Perov. Features of the creative path of the artist. - M.: Art, 1979. P. 108.

Perov was not familiar with F.M. Dostoevsky. And they lived in different cities. Nevertheless, their meeting, one might say, was predetermined not only by the similarity of the ideas that they confessed and which their art had fastened, but also the community of religious beliefs - the disadvantage of the intelligence of the intelligence, but in his heart. And therefore they saw in the Church Saving Exodus from the "moral Tina", in which the soul is crucified by passions and lusts.

Apparently, feeling intuitively the relatives of the writer and artist's views, P.M. Tretyakov and suggested not to someone, namely Persu write a portrait of Dostoevsky for his collection. In general, I must say that the "portrait genre" is a separate page in the creative biography of the artist, where the portraits of A. Serbestein (1870), A.N. Ostrovsky (1871), as well as created during 1872, that is, in one year with "Dostoevsky", portraits V.I. Daly, I.S. Turgenev, A.N. Maikova, M.I. Pusher and others. All this is not just beautiful picturesque works, distinguished by the depth of penetration into the inner world of the model. Taken together, they are very significant for domestic art phenomenon, the height that has achieved a Russian psychological portrait in its development. And this is another circumstance that prompted Tretyakov to appeal exactly to Perov to write a portrait of such a subtle psychologist, a connoisseur of the hidden depths of the Russian soul, which was Dostoevsky.

And yet, despite the inner proximity, the task facing Perov was unusually complex, and it was determined not only by the scale of the personality of Dostoevsky, but also a highly demanding writer in general to the art of a portraitist. In particular, the "accuracy and loyalty" of reproduction was considered only as "material from which the artwork is created later." "In rare only moments," Dostoevsky wrote, "the human face expresses his main line, his own characteristic thought. The artist studies and guess this main thought of the face, at least at that moment he wrote off and was not at all her face. "

In other words, for Dostoevsky, the value of the portrait was not in the external similarity and not in the display of only the nature of portrayed or even his psychology, but in the expression of the maximum concentration of his spiritual world, which the writer considered the "Higher Human Creature".

And because it is she who, this "higher half" of each individual, his spiritual reality, and constitutes the "main thought of the face," or, as he wrote in another article, "his main idea". She was most and attracted to himself the writer himself, who revealed in his heroes "First of all of the Human Spirit, his chtonic depths, in which God with the Devil struggle, in which human destiny is solved."

This "first spirit" of Dostoevsky, a man, as contemporaries noted, "insensitive and indifferent to everyday joys and care," and interested in Perov first. And first of all, because for him, as you know, the "inner moral side" of the human being became in life, and in creativity is increasingly priority, increasingly stating itself as a software installation of his art.

From here this extremely discreet flavor of the paintings, its strict, compact composition, freed from any entourage. Even Dostoevsky's chair, prescribed silhouette, in muted tones, barely visible in dark painting background. Nothing distracting, "telling". On the contrary, pushing out from the model itself, the artist introduces a contemplative attitent in the portrait, which has to reflement, that is, to the scientist of the viewer. Therefore, the landing of the figure, with her angular abolis, clinging with her hands on his knees, was solved as a closed, focused composition.

The unbuttoned fruke is not very new, in some places, rather rude, inexpensive cloth - a slightly opened a white manica, hiding the shoulder chest "a pious, sickly man, tortured and disease, and hard work," one of his contemporaries wrote about Dostoevsky. But for the Perov "Disease and Stressful Work" - just life circumstances in which Dostoevsky writer lives and creates every day. The artist in this case is interested in a completely different thought-thinker. And because the look, without lingering on the torso, the rhythms of the vertical rises to face. Flat, with wide cheekbones, the painful-pale dostoevsky face in itself is little attractive, and nevertheless it can be said, magnetically attracts the viewer to himself. But, hitting this magnetic field, caught yourself on the fact that you do not consider the portrait itself: how it is drawn, as registered, because the plastic face, devoid of active modeling, in the absence of sharp black and white drops, is deprived and special energetic, as well as soft, The thin texture of the letter, which only delicately reveals, but does not emphasize the bodyability of the skin. With all that by itself, the picturesque fabric fabric, being woven from the dynamic light, is unusually moving. That breaking color, then translucent through it, Ichping the shape with a light touch, the golden radiance is illuminated by a high, cool forehead, thereby turns out to be the chief creator and the color of the face, and its modeling. The movable, emitted in different degrees of intensity, it is the light that deprives plastic monotony here, and the expression of the face - frosting, causing that imperceptible, elusive movement in which the treacherous thought of Dostoevsky pulsates. She is manitis, or rather, pulls into his own bottomhound depths.

"High poet or artist, - thinking about Dostoevsky, wrote you. Rozanov, - there is always together and providers, and this is because he has already seen a lot that for the rest of people remains to the extent possible that only the future probable fact is.

From this, look at how much alarmed in the face of them ... What advantage in thought over other people ... What is the confusion among practical life, scattered inbidity to it. " These lines were written years after the death of the writer himself, but as sure they lay down on his perovsky portrait. It seems that it is even written off from it, the embossed image turned out to be so capacious.

Perov managed to catch and reflect on the canvas that the dramatic moment when some terrible truth was opened with her tragic inevitability and soul with her tragic inevitability and soul shuddered from great grief and hopelessness. But with all that, in the view of the perovsky hero, there is not even a hint of a call for the fight. And this is also a very accurate hit in the image of a person who never seduced by the "Tynozing of Evil", but the broken "for what comes or, at least, should come," who suffered and believed "from love, not from fear." Hence this awareness of the cross path for a person, country and the people. From here, this appeal is: "Teeper, lay and silence." In a word, all that Fyodor Mikhailovich called the "sideling consciousness" of the Russian people. And it is it, it is "the sufferment of the consciousness" of Dostoevsky himself, and permeates his scenic image as the "main idea of \u200b\u200bhis face."

Perhaps because the spiritual reality and the writer, and the artist, throwing up the scale, was at the same time the same nature, Perov managed not only to notice the most characteristic of Dostoevsky, but also to touch the most intimate in this person.

From the memories of his wife F.M. Dostoevsky A.G. Digid. "In the same winter P.M. Tretyakov, the owner of the famous Moscow art gallery, asked her husband to give the opportunity to draw his portrait for the gallery. For this purpose, the famous artist V.G. Monov arrived from Moscow.

Before starting work, Perov visited us every day during the week; He found Fedor Mikhailovich in a wide variety of sentiments, talked, caused to disputes and managed to notice the most characteristic expression in the face of her husband, exactly who Fedor Mikhailovich had when he was immersed in his artistic thoughts. It would be possible to say that Perov caught in the portrait of "A minute of Creativity of Dostoevsky".

Such an expression I have noticed many times in the face of Fyodor Mikhailovich, when, it happened, you will enter him, you will notice that he seems to be "in himself", and you will leave without saying anything. (A.G. Dostoevskaya. Memories. - M.: Fiction, 1971).

Image of Dostoevsky in the portrait of Perov

Created by Perov, a writer's portrait was so convincing that for future generations, the image of Dostoevsky, as it were, merged with his web. At the same time, this work has become a historical monument of a certain era, a turning point and difficult when a thinking person was looking for solutions to major social issues. FM Dostoevsky in the year of writing portrait was 51st year. At this time, he worked on one of the most controversial works - novel-pamphlet "".

Portrait of F.M. Dostoevsky is perhaps one of the most famous works of V.G. Perov. In it, the artist displaced the true character of the famous writer. Figure portrayed written on a dark background. The lack of a special variety of color gamma suggests that the artist focused on the display of the inner world of Russian genius. V.G. Perov simply and accurately expressed the psychological state, which reports the verbal formula "to go to ourselves."

The figure, as if compressed in the dark canvas space, is shown a little on top and side. Rotate the head, closed facial features, the view, aspiring in an invisible point outside the picture, create a feeling of deep concentration, "suffering" thoughts that hide behind external asceticism. The writer's hands are nervously clicked on the knee - wonderful and, as you know, characteristic of Dostoevsky gesture, a closic composition, serves as an internal tension sign.

Minute of Creativity Dostoevsky

Judging by the above review A. Dostoevskaya, Perov caught in the portrait of "minute of Dostoevsky's work" "... This extremely restrained flavor of the paintings, its strict, compact composition, freed from any entourage. Even Dostoevsky's chair, prescribed silhouette, in muted tones, barely visible in dark painting background. Nothing distracting, "telling". On the contrary, pushing out from the model itself, the artist introduces a contemplative attitent in the portrait, which has to reflement, that is, to the scientist of the viewer. Therefore, the landing of the figure, with her angular abolis, clinging with her hands on his knees, was solved as a closed, focused composition.

Unbuttoned Sirtuk is not very new, in places a shabby, rather rude, inexpensive cloth - a slightly opened a white manica, hiding the shoulder chest "a pivot, sorrible man, tortured and illness, and intense work," as he wrote about Dostoevsky one of his contemporaries. But for the Perov "Disease and Stressful Work" - just life circumstances in which Dostoevsky writer lives and creates every day.

The artist in this case is interested in a completely different - the Dostoevsky thinker. And because the look, without lingering on the torso, the rhythms of the vertical rises to face. Flat, with wide cheekbones, the painful-pale dostoevsky face in itself is little attractive, and nevertheless it can be said, magnetically attracts the viewer to himself. But, hitting this magnetic field, caught yourself on the fact that you do not consider the portrait itself: how it is drawn, as registered, because the plastic face, devoid of active modeling, in the absence of sharp black and white drops, is deprived and special energetic, as well as soft, The thin texture of the letter, which only delicately reveals, but does not emphasize the bodyability of the skin.

With all that by itself, the picturesque fabric fabric, being woven from the dynamic light, is unusually moving. That breaking color, then translucent through it, Ichping the shape with a light touch, the golden radiance is illuminated by a high, cool forehead, thereby turns out to be the chief creator and the color of the face, and its modeling. Movable, emitted in different degrees of intensity, it is the light that deprives plastic of monotony here, and the expression of the face - frosting, causing the inconspicuous, elusive movement in which the secretly hidden thought of Dostoevsky flies. She is and manit, or rather, pulls into his own, in his bottomless depths ...

Dostoevsky's dramatic moment

And this is also a very accurate hit in the image of a person who never seduced by the "Tynozing of Evil", but the broken "for what comes or, at least, should come," who suffered and believed "from love, not from fear." Hence this awareness of the cross path for a person, country and the people. From here, this appeal is: "Teeper, lay and silence." In a word, all that Fyodor Mikhailovich called the "sideling consciousness" of the Russian people. And it is it, it is "the sufferment of the consciousness" of Dostoevsky himself, and permeates his scenic image as the "main idea of \u200b\u200bhis face."

Portrait of Dostoevsky and contemporaries was rather evaluated and considered the best portraits of Perov. Known is a review about him Kramsky: "Character, the strength of expression, a huge relief of the decisiveness of shadows and some, as it were, the sharpness and energy of the contours, always inherent in its paintings, in this portrait are mitigated by an amazing flavor and harmony of tones." Cram's review is all the more interesting, that the work of Perov as a whole he treated critically. " (From the book: Lyascovskaya O.L. V.G. Perov. Features of the artist's creative path. - M.: Art, 1979. - P. 108).

Portrait of F.M. Dostoevsky brush K.A. Trotovsky

The first lifetime image of the young F.M. Dostoevsky's era of his literary debut is a graphic portrait created by his comrades in St. Petersburg engineering School by Konstantin Alexandrovich Torotovsky, who at that time he already studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts.

In his memoirs K.A. Trotovsky writes: "At that time, Fyodor Mikhailovich was very thin; The complexion was some kind of pale, gray, bright and rare hair, the eyes are impossible, but the eyes are insightful and deep. Always focused on yourself, he in his free time constantly thoughtfully walked back and forth somewhere aside, without seeing and not hearing what happened around him. Good and soft, he was always, but there was little with whom came out of his comrades ... "

Being in his artistic profile illustrator, Torotovsky did not strive in the portrait to convey the entire depth of the writer's inner world - he, first of all, recreated the appearance of Dostoevsky's appearance. Much in this work comes from the spirit of time that existed at the time of stamps and academic learning. According to fashion (like a secular esthete), a cervical handkerchief is tied, in the eyes - peace and gullibility, as if the writer is trying to look at his future with hope. There is still no bitterness of the trials and suffering on the face of the portraitable, which is an ordinary young man who has everything ahead.

Portrait of F.M. Dostoevsky, artist Dmitriev-Caucasian

On the second lifetime portrait of Dostoevsky created by V.G. Perov, it was above, and the third belongs to a well-known engraver, a draft, etching (etching - a variety of engravings on metal) Lion Evgrafovich Dmitriev Caucasian. Having finished the Academy of Arts, Dmitriev-Caucasian performed reproduction etchings from the paintings of Repin, Rubens, Rembrandt and soon awarded the title of academician engraving.

At the end of 1880, L.E. Dmitriev-Caucasian creates a drawing portrait of F.M. Dostoevsky (feather, pencil). The artist very accurately conveys the appearance of a writer, without focusing on special attention on the semantic dominant of the portrait. In the work there is no predominance of neither lyricism, no tragicity: we have a person with a common appearance (reminding merchant), immersed in his thoughts, with a characteristic of the Dostoevsky cut and sort of eyes.

Photos of Dostoevsky

The work of the St. Petersburg photographer Konstantin Alexandrovich Shapiro (1879) is considered the best photo portrait of Dostoevsky.

Other incarnations of Dostoevsky in portraits

Image F.M. Dostoevsky finds its multifaceted embodiment and in the visual art of the twentieth century (M.V. Rundaltsov, M.G. Roiter, N.I. Kofanov, S.S. Kosenkov, A.N. Korsakova, E.D. Kleevskaya, A. Z. Davydov, N.S. Gaev, etc.).

On engraving V.A. The Favorsky Dostoevsky stands in front of the table with the boiled typographic graves in the hands. He is dressed in a long dark fruit. On the table there are two high candles in candlesticks and a stack of books, on the wall - two small photos in the framework. High thin figure writer illuminated on the right. The artist accurately reproduces the features of Dostoevsky's feature-famous portraits and photographs: High steep forehead, soft surveyed hair, long liquid beard, laid outbreak arcs. Like Perov, the artist psychologically simply displaced the Dostoevsky-Creator, imprinted his view, immersed in herself.

Picturesque portrait of Dostoevsky Brush K.A. Vasilyeva - one more original image of a writer. Dostoevsky sits at a table covered with green cloth, in front of it - a sheet of white paper, on the side - a burning candle with a bloody flame. The uniqueness of this portrait is that not only the candle, but also the face and hand of the writer as if emitting light. And, of course, again the focus is made on a special, aspiring look.

Vasily Grigorievich Pereov
Port FM Dostoevsky, 1872.
Oil, canvas. Tretyakov Gallery,
Moscow.

From the memories of Dostoevsky's wife:

In this winter, P.M.Tretyakov, the owner of the famous Moscow art gallery, asked her husband to enable the portrait for the gallery. For this purpose, the famous artist V.G. Monov arrived from Moscow. Before starting work, Perov visited us every day during the week; He found Fedor Mikhailovich in a wide variety of sentiments, talked, caused to disputes and managed to notice the most characteristic expression in the face of her husband, exactly who Fedor Mikhailovich had when he was immersed in his artistic thoughts. It would be possible to say that Perov caught in the portrait of "A minute of Creativity Dostoevsky". I didn't have such an expression in the face of Fyodor Mikhailovich, when, it happened, you will enter him, you will notice that he's as if "looks in herself", and you will leave without saying anything. (A.G.Dostoevskaya. Memories. - M.: Fiction, 1971)

In May 1872, V. G. Perov specially traveled to Petersburg to write a portrait of F.M. Dostoevsky on the task of Tretyakov. Sessions were few and short, but Perov was inspired by a task before him. It is known that Tretyakov belonged to Dostoevsky with special love.
Portrait is executed in a single grayish-brown tone. Dostoevsky sits on a chair, turning into three quarters, putting his leg on his leg and squeezing his knee with hands with intertwined fingers. The figure is gently sinking in the twilight of the dark background and thus distinguished from the viewer. From the sides and in particular above the head of Dostoevsky, a significant free space is left. This is even more pushing it deep into and closes. From the dark background plasticized the pale face. Dostoevsky dressed in an unbutton gray jacket from a good heavy matter. With brown trousers in a black strip, hand brushes are made. Perov in the portrait of Dostoevsky managed to portray a person who felt alone with himself. He is fully immersed in his thoughts. The look was in-depth. A thin face with finely traced black and white transitions allows you to clearly perceive the structure of the head. Dark blond hair does not violate the main gamut of the portrait.
In colorful attitude, it is interesting to note that the gray color of the jacket is perceived precisely as color and at the same time transmits the texture of matter. It shall with a stain of a white shirt and black in a red tie redstock.
Portrait of Dostoevsky and contemporaries was rather evaluated and considered the best portraits of Perov. Known review about him Kramsky: "Character, the strength of expression, a huge relief<...> The determination of the shadows and some, as it were, the sharpness and energy of the contours, always inherent in its pictures, are softened in this portrait.

In 1846, on the literary chaise of St. Petersburg
A new talented star appeared - Fedor Dostoevsky. A novel of a young author
"Poor people" produces a real exterior among the reading public. Nobody leave
not known Dostoevsky in an instant becomes a public person, for
the honor of seeing in their literary salon is fighting the most famous
people.

Most often Dostoevsky could be noted in the evenings
Ivan Panayev, where the most famous writers and criticism of the time were going:
Turgenev, Nekrasov, Belinsky. However, it is not possible to talk to your
More mastitis fellows on Peru pulled a young man there. Sitting in the corner
Rooms, Dostoevsky, hopping his breath, watched the wife of Panayev - Avdota. it
There was a woman his dreams! Beautiful, clever, witty - everything looked at her mind.
In dreams, confirming in the fervor of love, Dostoevsky was even afraid of Dostoevsky because of his timidity
Once again to speak with her.

Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

Avdota Panayev, subsequently throwing her husband for the sake
Nekrasova, was completely indifferent to the new visitor of his salon. "FROM
first look at Dostoevsky, - She will write in his memories - it can be seen
It was that it was a scary nervous and impressionable young man. He was
Slender, small, blonde, with painful face color; Small gray
his eyes somehow anxiously crossed from the subject on the subject, and the pale lips
nervously twisted. "As her, the queen among these writers and graphs, to pay
Attention on such a "handsome"!

Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Portrait of V. Perov

Portrait written by perov
It is full, the soul flourished,
Burning spirit is its base.
Prophet, ahead of the eyelids,

Understanding that he will not be able to conquer the proud beauty of his
appearance, Dostoevsky chooses another way: it will become a famous writer
(the benefit of the priest is already!) - And she will commend himself to him.

He writes, but too hurry. In released from under his pen "Double"
There is no individual style that brought success to the first novel. Book
criticized everything to whom not too lazy (as it was nice to go through this young
Loom!). And now they do not invite Dostoevsky to literary salons, and
Belinsky will not shock hands and does not call the "hope of Russian literature." BUT
The most important thing - now it is absolutely impossible to seem in Panaywood, where
Will look with contempt, like a loser! Dostoevsky writes Brother Mikhail:
"I will say to myself that I strongly do not know what else will happen to me. I have money
There is no penny ... I write and see the end of the work ... boredom, sadness, apathy ... ". Here
this boredom once, at the invitation of a friend, he looked at the evening in a circle
Petrashevsky ...

V.A. Favorsky. Portrait of F.M.Dostoevsky

Young liberals gathered there, drank money, worshiped
Forbidden by censorship French books Yes, they talked about how well there will live
under the Republican Board. The cozy atmosphere liked Dostoevsky, and although
He was a convinced monarchist, began to care for "Friday".

Only here we are planningly ended for Fedor Mikhailovich these
"Tea Party". Emperor Nicholas I did not complain of various liberals and their
peaceful assemblies. Remembered that in 1825 they wanted to arrange such "lovers
Tea "! Therefore, having received information about the" Circassium of Petrashevsky ", gave the decree of all
to arrest. Once at night (was 1849) for Dostoevsky came. First half a year
conclusions alone Petropavlovsk fortress, then the sentence is the death penalty,
Replaced by four years of the Orthodology with the further service of ordinary ...

I.S. Lelzunov. Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

The following four years were one of the hardest in life.
Dostoevsky. Nobleman by origin, he found himself among the murderers and thieves,
which immediately nice "political". "... any of the newly appropriate in Ostrog
Two hours after arrival, it becomes such as everyone else, he recalled. -
Not that with noble, with nobleman. Oh, he is fair, kind, smart, his
The whole years will hate and despise everything, the whole mass. "But Dostoevsky is not
broken. On the contrary, he came out completely different man. It is at Katorga
Knowledge of life, human characters, the understanding of the fact that in a person can
Combine good and evil, truth and lies. And most importantly - the deep faith came in
God, and for her - confidence that the crime always follows God
punishment. Subsequently, this topic will be dominant in its
creativity.

And the years have passed the cautious years. In 1854, Dostoevsky arrived in
Semipalatinsk. Little town lost in Asian steppes full of durable and
mediocre provincial physiognomy. Life did not foretell anything but
Daily marchings under the scorching sun in order to maintain a combat-ready form
Soldier to combat nomadic tribes ...

I.S. Lelzunov. Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. White Night

After some time, Dostoevsky fell in love. Object
His desires became the wife of his friend Maria Isaev. This woman all his life
He felt designed as love and success. Born in pretty
wealthy colonel family, she unsuccessfully married an official,
It turned out to be an offacarious alcoholic. Husband lost position for his post - and
Here the family found himself in Semipalatinsk, which is difficult to call the city.
Baby, broken maiden dreams of Bals and beautiful prince - everything caused
It is dissatisfied with marriage. How nice it was to feel a look of burning eyes
Dostoevsky

Dostoevsky, for many years that did not know the female
caress, it seemed that he met the love of his life. In the evening he
Conducts from Isaev, listening to a drunken eloquence of Mary's husband only for that
To be beside your beloved.

I.S. Lelzunov. Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Night

In August 1855, Mary's husband dies. Finally obstacle
Eliminated, and Dostoevsky made an offer to his beloved woman. Li loved to Him
Maria? More likely no than yes. Pity - yes, but not those love and understanding,
Which so longer than the writer ended. But life
Pragmatism took his own. Isaeva, who has an empty son and debts
for the funeral of her husband, nothing remained how to accept the offer of his
fan. On February 6, 1857, Fedor Dostoevsky and Maria Isaeva married. IN
The first marriage of the night occurred, which became an omnunity of the failure of this
Family Union. Dostoevsky as a result of the nervous tension there was an attack
epilepsy. Body beating in convulsions on the floor, foam, flowing from the corners of it
mouth, - saw the picture forever instilled in Maria a shade of some disgust to
His husband to which she did not eat love.

In 1860, Dostoevsky thanks to the help of friends received
Permission to return to Petersburg.

Directly from the train, the writer enters a new world for himself. As everybody
Changed from the 40s! Freedom of speech, freedom of ideas! Most creative
People publish newspapers and magazines that respond to the actual problems of society. Not
It became an exception and Dostoevsky. In January 1861, together with his brother, he starts
publish a monthly review "Time". Fedor Mikhailovich - chief editor,
Mikhail leads financial issues. The magazine is quickly becoming popular for
Accounting for the cooperation of famous writers (Turgenev, Ostrovsky),
Live reaction to events occurring in the country.

I.Avanov. Portrait of F.M.Dostoevsky

Being the editor-in-chief, Dostoevsky personally reread all
publishing articles, writes their own, begins to publish in parts Roman "humiliated and
offended. "There is no longer enough time - you have to work at night.
Despite the joy that the literary brainchild gives, the body is difficult
Transferring such an exhausting mode of life. Epilepsy seizures are rapidly. Family
Life does not bring peace absolutely. Permanent quarrels with his wife: "In vain I am
Out of you. Without you, I would be happier. "Steying - Pasha - spoiled
a child looking at which it was already possible to predict future
N1

Meeting with young Malna Suslova stirred, it seemed
Forever faded feelings of Dostoevsky, forcing him to feel like a man.
Acquaintance has happened quite trite. Suslova brought a story to the magazine.
Dostoevsky liked it, and he wanted more to communicate with the author. These
Meetings gradually developed for the chief editor in the urgent need, without
He could no longer do them.

K.A.Vasiliev. Portrait of F.M.Dostoevsky

It is difficult to present more inappropriate people than people than
Dostoevsky and Suslov. She is a feminist, he always adhered to the opinion of
The primacy of men. She was interested in revolutionary ideas, he is a conservative and
Adherent monarchy. At first, Polina was fascinated by Dostoevsky as famous
editor and writer. He is the former reference, and therefore the victim of hated it
Mode! However, disappointment soon came. Instead of a strong personality that
hoped to find a young girl saw a shy, sick man,
The lonely soul of which dreamed of understanding.

In 1863, the uprising broke out in Poland, quickly and brutally
Depressed by the introduced parts of the Russian regular army. All large
Imperial newspapers and magazines responded a wave of friendly approval for decisive
Government actions to prevent country split. Dostoevsky could not
Stay aside - an article of young criticism of insurance appeared in the journal
"Fatal Question" dedicated to the historical aspects of the events.
"... it was extinguished so: that we ourselves, from ourselves, we assure that the Poles before
We are civilization, and we are lower than them, which, naturally, they are right, and we are to blame ", -
Fedor Mikhailovich Turgenev. In general, the article understood incorrectly not only
readers, but also the all-seeing eyed censorship - in December magazine closed on personal
Indication of the Minister of Internal Affairs.

O.F. Litvinova. Portrait of F.M.Dostoevsky

Attempts to Dostoevsky clarify the situation, the risk of thresholds
The official books did not lead to anything. Sorry and tired of everything he
Leaving along with Suslova to Paris. But here, instead of anticipating rest with
The beloved woman, Dostoevsky enters some irrational sleep. Pauline
He stated that he hadn't loved him for a long time and was going to quit. Fully followed
Tears explanation, as a result of which they decided to continue the joint journey
- But already as friends.

Interesting is the word "friends", especially in relation to a woman,
which is a soul (ah this men's self-confidence!) and a body just a few days
back belonged to you, allowed to caress yourself, was so fuel and full
Admiration. The proximity of the Suslova turned to Dostoevsky in the vague. Everyone
Evening he came up with thousands of reasons, so long to stay in her room, in
Hope that today she will still let him down on her bed ...

Such feelings began to scare Fyodor Mikhailovich. Urgently
You must distract, switch attention to something else. But what will become
Panacea from this unrestrained passion, which may also make a bad fight
Heart in anticipation of pleasure? Roulette! In the gambling house Dostoevsky forgot
Polina, your own problems. The whole world focused on this broken ball
And the hope that he will stop at the specified number. From this time it takes
his beginning of a long weakness of Dostoevsky, which brought many in the future
suffering both to himself and close.

Dostoevsky is not just a player - he is obsessed with the game. And constantly
loses. Initially, I tried to justify walking in a gambling house
invented winnings system: they say, if you correctly calculate and put, then
Must be lucky and so on. Then tired - just rushing like a treated to
Green cloth in vain hope for good luck. Losses reached the point that for
Return to Dostoevsky to Russia Suslova had to put his watches in the pawnshop
(who were the company for hours of Dostoevsky himself, for a long time there
Resting!).

Next 1864 became one of the hardest in life
Dostoevsky. In spring, Mary's wife dies from Chatheka, and in the summer - Brother Mikhail.
Double loss survived very hard: "And so I stayed suddenly one, and became
I'm just scared ... I was here for the first time I felt that they were some kind of replacing that
I just loved them in the world ... It was all around me cold and deserted. "

Trying to forget, Dostoevsky deepens to the solution of pressing
Problems. And these problems were abound! After the death of Mikhail remained
debts by 25 thousand rubles. Saving a brother's family from complete ruin, Fedor
Mikhailovich gives bills to the required debts to their name, takes relatives
For provision. Many then could warm their hands on a poorly broken in
financial matters writer who signed a lot of debt obligations without checking
their true validity ...

Who brightened the debt burden, Dostoevsky spinning like
Protein in the wheel. Tried to publish a magazine, but instead of profits appeared new
debts. Finally, the situation has reached the fact that the most impatient lenders
threatened a debt prison. And here the famous St. Petersburg appears on the scene
Publisher-discovery Stellovsky, who offered Dostoevsky three thousand rubles for
Publication of his three-volume compilation. An additional point to the contract was
The obligation of the writer on the score of the already paid money to write a new novel,
The manuscript was necessary to provide no later than November 1, 1866. IN
otherwise Stellovsky switched the exceptional ownership
All works. Not having a choice, Dostoevsky agrees to these ball
conditions. The money received goes to pay the part of the bills.

By early October, the writer has not written any lines of the future
novel. The situation was just a catastrophic. Understanding that he himself will not have time
write a novel, Dostoevsky, on the advice of friends, decides to resort to help
Stenographers, which would write down the writer. So in the house
Dostoevsky appeared a young assistant - Anna Grigorievna Dnikkin. At first
not liked to each other, in the process of working on the book they are closer,
Penetrated with warm feelings. The novel called the "Player", is completed in
Term and transferred to Stellovsky. It's time to part, however, Fedor Mikhailovich,
attached to his lonely soul to the young girl, everything pulls out this
The moment offers to continue working together.

Dostoevsky understands that he loved Anna, but it is afraid to admit to
His feelings, fearing failure. Then he told her a fictional story about
Old artist who loved the young girl. How would she go on the spot of this
Girls? Would answer the reciprocity of this person? Of course, insightful Anna
nervous tremors, as a writer immediately understands who is the true characters of this
stories. The answer of the girl is simple: "I would answer you that I love you and I will love
All my life. "Lovers were crowned in February 1867.

Despite the fact that Dostoevsky madly loves his wife for
Anna Family Life begins with trouble. And the benefits would only be
in a lack of money ... the young wife immediately did not know the relatives of the writer, especially
He diligent member - Peter Isaev. I have not worked anywhere who lived at the expense of stepfather,
Isaev saw in Anna rival, feared for his future. What is it stepfather on
Old age is doing? No demon in the rib. And since she gives him children, and his
A favorite son, under her stepfather, will leave without inheritance? And decided to survive
A young stepmother from home with different petty sublits, insults and slander.
The wife of the late brother of Dostoevsky Emilia Fedorovna contributed his contribution and wife.
I liked to make it necessary to make different stroke comments about "hands who do not know how to
do nothing in the house ", brought a young mistress to tears. Understanding that so
can no longer continue and a little more, and she just runs out of this house,
Anna persuades Dostoevsky to leave abroad.

It begins a four-year wander on a foreign land. I note that
Dostoevsky never loved Europe. Yes, he admired many cultural
monuments, but could never understand Europeans, regardless of whether it was
German or Frenchman. Too they are materialistic, closed in themselves, forgot about
spirituality. The center of True spirituality saw Russia, according to which,
No matter how much abroad, constantly missed. Well, that Fyodor Mikhailovich is not
Hold up to 1917 and did not see the true kind of "close to God" Russian
Men!

In Germany, Dostoevsky again wakes up a tape measure.
Leaving his wife in Dresden, he rushes to Hamburg - German Monte Carlo. Losing
All brought family savings, as well as money borrowed from friends.
Laying a gold watch - after half an hour, goal as falcon. Dostoevsky
Returns to his wife. She does not scold him, realizing that her Fedor
Just can not withstand this all-consuming passion. Dostoevsky promises
no longer play. They move to Baden-Baden - and here again roulette. And again
went on new. Only here to play? Under the advance of the future book Dostoevsky
Requests 500 rubles from Katkova publisher. After receiving, the day loses. What
further? Asks his wife to demolish some things in Lombard, including donated on
Wedding Earrings and Wedding Ring.

Move into Geneva. Here, hiding in a cheap apartment,
Having experienced a permanent need, Dostoevsky begins work on the novel "Idiot".
Write to write quickly, since the deadlines were pressed, and the publisher, paying
Several advances, have not yet seen a line of a future book.

Critics often reproached Dostoevsky in his incompleteness
novels, the sticking of a large number of plot lines, many of which were lost
In the middle of the works. The fact is that, in contrast to the same Turgenev or
Tolstoy, quite secured, Dostoevsky was forced to offer in
Publishers not completed novels, but only future sketches. For planned
The works were paid advances for which, in fact, he lived. With mine
Sides publishers raised deadlines for which Dostoevsky did not have time to "polish"
His novels - so I had to miss something somewhere in order to have time on time.

Heavily writer transfers death from inflammation of his lungs
Three-month-old sony daughter. "I will never forget and never stop suffering! -
He writes to a friend Mikikov. - I can't understand that it is not and that I never
I will see. "No matter what Dostoevsky's confirmation to the Europeans" distinguished "
Locals. On the second day, after death, the daughter came from a visit to the neighbors
House. Only instead of condolences stated that, they say, it is, of course, sad that
Someone died, however, since the sobs of Anna Grigorievna hinder them to sleep,
asked ... not to make noise.

From depression helps work. Response to "Nechaevshchina" in Russia
becomes a novel-warning "demons", which, after the "idiot", brings
Long-awaited fame in his homeland.

Portrait of posthumous from Kramsky,
Immortitate reflected the trace
Soul, seeking to God
Liberation Dawn.

After returning to St. Petersburg (1871) in the life of Dostoevsky
Finally, the light strip comes. He works on a "writer's diary", writes
The most famous novel "Brothers Karamazov", children are born. And all the time near
With him there is his life support - Anna's wife, understanding and loving. And what else
Need a man for true happiness? ..

A source
Kierovski.
Telegraph

Madelene_De_Ben

http://www.liveinternet.ru/community/3299606/post188455725/

portraits of Dostoevsky

they are taken here http://nizrp.ru/dostoevsky_portrety.htm.

Photo Gallery

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Each work of Dostoevsky permeatedly incredible truth, bitter experience. We are not just immersed in his book, we live them. Heroes become relatives to us. We hear their thoughts, watch each movement, we see the flour of conscience, empathize and rejoice in their successes. And just because we learn themselves, friends, relatives and loved ones. Each of his character is not a pencil sketch, but a real and alive man.

Little biography

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (10/30/1821 - 28.01.1881) was brought up on strict and harsh rules. His father had a hot-tempered and nervous character, he paid little time to his children (he had seven). Dostoevsky got used to obey and obey the parents. He spent most of the time in the hospital building - his father was a doctor, and therefore he could know the outside world mainly through sick people. A significant role in the life of Dostoevsky was played by the estate located in the Kashirsky district of the Tula province. There he spent the summer months without his father. Therefore, at this time, Dostoevsky could fully know the world, communicate with rustic men, get the brightest and good memories.

About the heroes of Dostoevsky

Each character we see on the pages of the books of Dostoevsky, has a deep inner world. It seems that we look into the raging ocean, carrying fear, unpredictability and beauty.

M. M. Bakhtin wrote about the works of Dostoevsky: "He created, according to our conviction, a completely new type of artistic thinking, which we were conventionally called polyphonic ... The word Hero about himself and about the world is as long as the usual author's word .. . It belongs to exceptional independence in the structure of the work, it sounds like next to the author's word and specially combined with him and with the full voices of other heroes. "

Dostoevsky himself in "Notes from the underground" explained the story lines of his works with the following words: "... Why are you so probably convinced that not to go against real, normal benefits guaranteed by the arguments of reason and arithmetic, really for a person is always beneficial and there is a law for In total mankind? .. But the person is frivolous and unseemly creature and, maybe, like a chess player, he loves only one process of achieving a goal, and not the very goal ... After all, maybe a person loves not one prosperity. Maybe he exactly likes suffering? .. Suffering - but this is the only reason for consciousness. Although I first reported, that consciousness, in my opinion, is the greatest misfortune for a person, but I know that a person loves him and does not exchange any satisfaction ... ".

All the characters of the book of the Great Writer reveal their inner world in the dialogues, their words have a huge weight and influence on the reader. It is against all the rules taken, reason, relying on suffering, doubts and constant search for the goal, and go all the characters of the works of Dostoevsky. And therefore they seem alive for us.

Psychology R. Skolnikova ("Crime and Punishment")

How many thoughts, doubts, kindness and some momentary cruelty in the actions of the Rodion of the Solvnik from the work "Crime and Punishment". It would seem that every person can only be bad or good. If a robbery plan appeared in his head, if he was able to raise his hand on the old woman and kill twice, then he should be absolutely bad. The readers should not be sorry for him, they cannot sympathize with such a hero. And even more so, to recognize yourself in him and his thoughts.

But what happens really? In each person there are two raw materials: good and evil. We ourselves decide how to do with them what of them to sculpt. But no matter what happens, they are both forever in us. Therefore, we are able to see, understand, explain and even justify the bad actions, if they are only a small part of raw matter, which cannot be more. And the rest of the place in the soul of man occupies good.

So what is good for Dostoevsky? This ability to think first of all. Analyze your actions. Understand what you did badly. Condemn yourself. Empathize and help others. But the main thing is to see good in other people. Whoever they are. How the splitters fully justified and deified the Sonchka.

The bottom line is that all people are mistaken, because they are not robots. They know how to think, but first of all they feel. Raskolnikov understood the mind that the older older is a greedy and heartless man. He decided that she could be killed. And from this, perhaps the world will become even better. After all, one bad person will be less. Raskolnikov considered that he had the right. And ranked to the category of unusual people, and that is, not those who live their lives, having resigned, and those who fight for their fate makes decisions capable of affecting their lives and other people. He had a rare ability to think otherwise than others. This act was to finally convince him of his strength, facilitate existence. But he forgot that a person connects all his feelings to a logical chain, including doubts and even charges.

The most important thing for every person is the ability to recognize yourself to be guilty and reassured in the deed. And it is very difficult. Man loves himself. And I will not blame for anything. You can at least recall the reaction of any person when he is told about the mistake made. He is looking for guilty. Or begins to justify yourself.

The same did and splitters. He justified himself to murder. I tried to do this and after the deed. But a good start changed his presentation. Of course, it did not cost and without the influence of Sony, the man whom he considered the angel. All her speeches fell right in the soul. And they cleaned it from the inside.

And therefore, every person is important not to closes in itself, otherwise it will not be possible to reach his soul. You need to be able to hear the words of other people. Let them seem stupid and unreasonable, but it is very important quality.

Healing mutual love in the work of "Karamazov Brothers"

Consider both the other work of Dostoevsky: "The Karamazov Brothers". Here we are talking about three very different in character, but relatives to each other. We again encounter the murder in this book, but now we are unknown who committed it. We greedily read into the dialogues, follow the actions of Ivan, Alexey and Dmitry, trying to understand: Which of them are guilty? And gradually fall inside yourself. I dig in thoughts, sensations. How would we relate to the harsh father? Would we be able to kill because of money?

We are not just a book, but a real life. There are no guilty and no innocent.

Every hero can be understood, each of them want to believe. Inside them a huge world, full of endless thoughts and questions (which was also from Skolnikov). Scary to recognize someone guilty and magnify the killer. And here, just, and lies the essence. After all, the "killer" is stigma. We think again that only a bad person could go to that. But who is this scoundrel? We look at the brothers and see ordinary people with their fears and doubts, experiences and sophors. They are so similar to us! Each of them has so many good qualities that the deprivation of the life of another person suddenly wants to justify.

Why is this happening? Is the murder - not the greatest sin? And how can I find an explanation? Dostoevsky again and reiterates us that there is no clear definition of good or evil. We see the three brothers who are binding not a common mystery, but a huge love to each other. It can justify any action and any words. And all because this feeling heals the soul and protects it from various misfortunes.

Outdoor shower of Prince Myshkin

It is impossible to bypass the party and the wonderful book "Idiot", in which the protagonist is not similar to the characters from other works of Dostoevsky. He has children's naivety, faith and even simpleness. How easy it is to offend how easy to fool. He pulls his hands to people, like a small child, who had just begun to know the world. Prince Myshkin is not just kind, he knows how to justify any person, let it be even his offender. He comes over the world. His soul is open, and therefore every blow is so hard for them. Dostoevsky wrote about his work: "The main thought of the novel - to portray a positively beautiful person. It is more difficult for this nothing in the world, but especially now ... ".

Everyone in some way lived certain difficulties, which eventually made him close and climb, stop trusting people. They can betray, trust and fool you. A person can cherish others, be ready to present a huge state to his feet, and the whole world! But he has no guarantees that he will answer him reciprocity or at least thanks. Therefore, a person appears a certain screen that does not allow him to walk with an open soul. He protects him from the villains, joyfully spitting in the hearts of other people who only think about their benefit.

Unfortunately, love can not only be elevated, but also finally destroy a person. So it happened with the prince of Myshkina. In pursuit of their happiness, sympathizing with everyone around, he so strongly opened his soul before worried and cruel people, which literally finally lost the mind.

The works of Dostoevsky show us how hard to deal with any person to fight doubts, diseases, fears. How few people who understand us and sympathizing, ready to stretch help hand. Our environment sometimes consists of those who are frowning, wants to humiliate and live their lives at our expense. But there are other people who need to be seen for loud speeches or modest actions. They are not just our friends, they are the heads of our soul. Here are those who are the first to rise to our defense and will indicate the right path among doubts and anxiety.

Literature:

Bakhtin M.M. Dostoevsky poetics problems. M., 1972.
Dostoevsky F.M. Notes from underground / Notes from a dead home. L., 1990.
Dostoevsky F.M. Idiot / writing works in 15 volumes, Volume 6. L., 1988-1996.
Novodvorskaya V.I. Poets and kings. M., 2009.